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OH 


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III.  Elements  of  Latin  Style,  with  special  Reference  to  Idioms 
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SEE"  END   OF   THIS  VOLUME. 


LATIN    EBADEE, 


INTENDED  AS  A 


COMPANION 

TO   THE 

AUTHOR'S  LATIN  GRAMMAR. 

WITH 

REFERENCES,  SUGGESTIONS,  NOTES  AND  VOCABULARY. 


BY 

ALBEKT    HAKKNESS, 

PROFESSOR  IN  BROWN  UNIVERSITY. 

AUTHOR   OP 

"A  LATIN  GRAMMAR,"    "A  FIRST    LATIN  BOOK,"    UA  SECOND  LATIN  BOOK,"    "A  FIRST 
GKEEK    BOOK,"  ETC. 


UITI7ERSITT 


D.    APPLETON    AND    COMPANY, 

549    &    551    BROADWAY. 
1873. 


ENTERED,  according  to  Act  of  Congr/ss,  In  the  year  1865,  by 

ALBERT  HAKKNESS, 
IB  the  Clerk's  Office  of  the  District  Court  of  Hhode  Island 


H3 


THE  Latin  Reader  now  offered  to  the  public  is  intended  as 
a  companion  to  the  author's  Latin  Grammar.  It  comprises 
Reading  Lessons,  Suggestions  to  the  Learner,  Notes,  and  a 
Vocabulary. 

The  Reading  Lessons  are  abundantly  supplied  with  refer- 
ences to  the  Grammar,  and  are  arranged  in  two  parts. 

Part  First  presents  a  progressive  series  of  exercises  illus- 
trative of  grammatical  forms,  inflections,  and  rules.  These 
exercises  are  intended  to  accompany  the  learner  from  the  very 
outset  in  his  progress  through  the  Grammar,  and  thus  to  fur- 
nish him  the  constant  luxury  of  using  the  knowledge  which  he 
is  acquiring.  They  have  been  carefully  selected  from  classical 
authors. 

Part  Second  illustrates  connected  discourse,  and  comprises 
Fables,  Anecdotes,  and  History.  The  Anecdotes  have  been 
selected  from  various  classical  sources ;  the  oth^r  portions  have 
been  derived  chiefly  from  the  Lateinisches  Elementarbuch  of 
Professors  Jacobs  and  Doring,  though,  in  the  Grecian  History, 
Arnold's  Historiae  Antiquae  Epitome,  founded  upon  the  work 
of  Jacob  and  Doring,  has  furnished  a  few  extracts.  The  His- 
torical selections  were,  with  a  few  exceptions,  derived  originally 
from  the  Latin  historians  Eutropius,  Justin,  and  Cornelius 
Mepos. 


IV  PREFACE. 

The  Suggestions  to  the  Learner  are  intended  to  direct  the 
unskilful  efforts  of  the  beginner,  and  thus  to  enable  him  to  do 
for  himself  much  which  would  otherwise  require  the  aid  of  his 
teacher,  and  to  do  easily  and  pleasantly  much  which  would 
otherwise  be  difficult  and  repulsive.  They  aim  to  point  out  to 
him  the  process  by  which  he  may  most  readily  and  surely  reach 
the  meaning  and  the  structure  of  a  Latin  sentence,  and  then  to 
teach  him  to  embody  that  meaning  in  clear  idiomatic  English. 
Experience  has  abundantly  shown  the  need  of  some  such  direc- 
tions. The  beginner's  first  efforts  to  solve  the  problem  pre- 
sented by  a  Latin  sentence  are  too  often  little  better  than  a 
series  of  unsuccessful  conjectures,  while  his  first  translations 
are  purely  mechanical  renderings,  with  little  regard  either  to 
the  thought  of  his  author  or  to  the  proprieties  of  his  mother 
tongue. 

The  Notes  aim  to  furnish  such  collateral  information  as  will 
enable  the  learner  to  appreciate  the  subject  matter  of  his  read- 
ing lessons,  and  such  special  aid  as  will  enable  him  to  surmount 
real  and  untried  difficulties.  Grammatical  references  can  be 
employed  only  to  solve  grammatical  difficulties ;  and,  though 
for  this  purpose  they  are  absolutely  invaluable,  it  is  yet  a  mis- 
take to  suppose  that  they  can  ever  supply  the  place  of  com- 
mentary. 

In  the  Vocabulary,  the  aim  has  been  to  give  to  each  word 
the  particular  meanings  which  occur  in  the  reading  lessons, 
without  omitting,  however,  its  essential  and  leading  signifi- 
cation. 

At  the  solicitation  of  many  eminent  classical  Professors  and 
Teachers,  the  author  has  it  in  contemplation  to  publish  an  In- 
troduction to  Latin  Composition,  consisting  of  two  parts,  the 
first  intended  for  the  beginner,  and  the  second  for  the  more 
advanced  student.  Accordingly,  the  present  work  has  been 


PREFACE.  V 

made  simply  a  Eeader,  and  all  Exercises  in  writing  Latin  have 
been  reserved  for  a  future  volume. 

With  this  statement  of  the  design  and  plan  of  the  work,  the 
author  commits  it  to  classical  instructors,  in  the  hope  that,  in 
their  hands,  it  may  render  some  useful  service  in  the  important 
work  of  classical  instruction, 

PROVIDENCE,  Aug.  2lstt  1865. 


TJHIFBKSIT7 


CONTENTS. 


PART  FIRST. 

GRAMMATICAL      EXERCISES. 

FAOl 

Nouns 1 

Adjectives 3 

Pronouns 4 

Verbs 5 

Syntax  of  Nouns 9 

Agreement  of  Nouns 9 

Nominative 10 

Vocative 10 

Accusative 10 

Dative 13 

Genitive 16 

Ablative 19 

Syntax  of  Adjectives 26 

Syntax  of  Pronouns 26 

Syntax  of  Verbs 28 

Agreement 28 

Indicative , 28 

Subjunctive 29 

Imperative 35 

Infinitive 85 

Gerunds  and  Gerundives 37 

Supines 30 

Participles 39 

Syntax  of  Particles 40 


Vlll  CONTENTS. 

PART  SECOND. 

LATIN     SELECTIONS. 

PAGB 
Fables 41 

Anecdotes 45 

Roman  History 52 

Period  I.  Italian  and  Roman  kings ._ 52 

II.  Roman  Struggles  and  Conquests 58 

III.  Roman  Triumphs 65 

IV.  Civil  Dissensions 72 

Grecian  History * 80 

Period  I.  Grecian  Triumphs 80 

II.  Civil  Warfc  in  Greece 84 

III.  Graeco-Mcvcedonian  Empire 89 

Suggestions  to  the  Learner 99 

Notes 109 

Latin-English  Vocabulary 139 


EXPLANATION  OF  REFERENCES  AND  ABBREVIATIONS. 


The  reference  numerals  in  the  Latin  text,  and  in  the  Suggestions, 
refer  to  the  author's  Latin  Grammar. 

In  the  Notes  and  Vocabulary,  the  Arabic  numerals  refer,  when 
enclosed  in  parentheses,  to  articles  in  this  work ;  and,  when  not 
thus  enclosed,  to  articles  in  the  Grammar. 

Roman  numerals  refer  to  the  Suggestions. 


The  following  abbreviations  occur 

adj adjective. 

adv adverb. 

comp comparative. 

conj conjunction. 

defect defective. 

dep deponent. 

f feminine. 

impers impersonal. 

indec indeclinable. 

interj interjection. 

irreg irregular. 


lit literally. 

m .masculine. 

n neuter. 

part participle. 

pass passive. 

plur.  or  pi. . .  .plural. 

prep preposition. 

pron pronoun. 

subs substantive. 

guperl .superlative. 


PAE  T   FIRST. 
GKAMMATICAL    EXEKCISES, 


NOUNS. 

DEFINITION,  GENDER,  ETC. — 31-35 ;  37-41. 
FIRST  DECLENSION. — 42. 

NOTE. — Before  reading  the  Latin  Exercises,  the  pupil  is  expected,  in 
every  instance,  to  learn  carefully  those  portions  of  the  Grammar  which  are 
embraced  in  the  large  type  of  the  sections  designated. 

1.1.  Ala,  ala,  alae,1  alam,  alarum,  alls,  alas.  2. 
Victoria,  victoria,  victoriae,  victoriam,  victoriarum,  vic- 
toriis,  victorias.  3.  Causae,  fortunae,  portae.  4.  Causa, 
fortuna,  porta.  5.  Causam,  fortunam,  portam.  6.  Cau- 
sarum,  fortunarum,  portarum.  Y.  Oausis,  fortunis,  portis. 
8.  Causas,  fortunas,  portas. 

SECOND  DECLENSION. — 45. 
RULE  II. — Appositives. — 363  ;  352,  2. 

2.  1.  Dominus,  dommi,  domino,  dommum,  domme, 
dominorum,  dominis.  2.  Gener,  generi,  genero,  gene- 
rum,  generorum,  generis,  generos.  3.  Servi,  anni. 
4.  Pueri,  soceri.  5.  Agri,  magistri.  6.  Templi,  belli. 
7.  Servis,  annis.  8.  Puero,  socero.  9.  Agrorum,  ma- 
gistrorum.  10.  Templa,  bella. 

1  When  the  same  Latin  form  may  be  found  in  two  or  more  cases,  tho 
pupil  is  expected  to  give  the  meaning  for  each  case, 
1 


2  LATLN    HEADER. 

11.  Lucus,  stella.  12.  Luci,  stellae.  13.  Lucum, 
stellam.  14.  Luco,  stella.  15.  Lucorum,  stellarum. 
16.  Lucis,  stellis.  17.  Lucos,  Stellas. 

18.  Dionysius  tyrannus.1  19.  Dionysio  tyranno. 
20.  Dionysium  tyrannum.  21.  Tullia  regina.  22. 
Tulliae  regmae.  23.  Tulliam  reginam.  24.  Puer 
Ascanius. 

THIRD  DECLENSION. — CLASS  I. — 48-50. 
RULE  XVI.— Genitive.— 395. 

3.  1.  Nubis,  nubium.     2.     Avi,  avibus.     3.  Urbem, 
urbes.     4.    Regis,  militis.      5.   Eegi,  militi.     6.    Eege5 
milite.      7.    Reges,  milites.      8.    Regum,  militum.     9. 
Regibus,  inilitibus. 

10.  Yirtus  regis.2  11.  Yirtiites  regum.2  12.  Vm- 
dex  libertatis.  13.  Yindices  libertatis.  14.  Custodibus 
urbis.  15.  Lux  soils.  16.  Luce  soils. 

17.  Romuli  mors.  18.  Romiili  morte.  19.  Victoria 
regis.  20.  Victoriae  regis.  21.  Ala  avis.  22.  Alae 
avis.  23.  Alae  avium.  24.  Regis  filia.  25.  Tullia, 
regis  filia. 

TPIIRD  DECLENSION. — CLASS  II. — 51. 
RULE  XXXII. — Cases  with  Prepositions. — 432-435. 

4.  1.  Soli,  sole,  solibus.     2.  Leonis,  leones,  leonum. 
3.  Carmini,  carmimbus.     4.  Consulis,  passeris.     5.  Con- 
siilum,  passerum.     6.  Consulibus,  passeribus.     7.  Leoni, 
virgini.      8.   Leones,   virgmes.      9.   Patrem,   pastorem. 
10.  Patres,  pastores.      11.  Opus,  corpus.      12.    Opere, 
corpore.     13.  Operum,  corporum. 

14.  Cicero  consul.1  15.  Ciceronis  consulis.  16.  Ci- 
ceronern  consiilem.  17.  ISTepos  consulis.''  18.  Nepotes 


1  See  Grammar,  363.  "  2  395. 


ADJECTIVES.  3 

consiilis.      19.    JSTepotes  consulum.      20.   Pater  judicis. 
21.  Patres  judicuin.     22.  Patribus  judicum. 

23.  Post  Romuli  mortem.1  24.  Apud  Herodotum, 
patrem  historiae.  25.  Ad  virtutem.  26.  Ante  lucem. 
27.  Contra  naturam.  28.  Sermo  de  amicitia.2  29.  Pro 
patria.  30.  Sine  labore.  _  31.  In  amnem.3  32.  In  bello.* 

FOURTH  DECLENSION.— 116. 

5.  1.  Fructus,  cornus.     2.  Fructibus,  cornibus.     3. 
Cantum,  currum.     4.  In  cumim.     5.  In  curru.     6.  So- 
lis   ortus.      7.   Ab   ortu   ad  occasum.      8.    Ante  solis 
occasum. 

FIFTH  DECLENSION. — 119. 

6.  1.  Acies,  aciem,  aciei.     2.  Diei,  faciei,     3.  Rei, 
spei.     4.  Diem,  faciem.     5.  Rem,  spem.     6.  Die,  facie. 
7.  Re,  spe. 

8.  In  aciem.  9.  In  acie.  10.  Facies  urbis.  11. 
Spes  fortunae.  12.  Contra  spem.  13.  Sin<3  spe. 


^* 
ADJECTIVES. 

FIRST  AND  SECOND  DECLENSIONS. — 148. 
RULE  XXXIII. — Agreement  of  Adjectives. — 438. 

7.  1.  Servus  bonus.  2.  Servi  boni.  3.  Servo  bono. 
4.  Servum  bonum.  5.  Serve  bone.  6.  Servorum  bono- 
rum.  7.  Servis  bonis.  8.  Servos  bonos.  9.  Reglna 
bona.  10.  Regmae  bonae.  11.  Reginam  bonam.  12. 
Regma  bona.  13.  Reginarum  bonarum.  14.  Reglnis 
bonis.  15.  Reginas  bonas.  16.  Exemplum  bonum. 
17.  Exempli  boni.  18.  Exempla  bona. 

1 432,  433.  2  432,  434.  "435,  1. 


4  LATIN    READER, 

19.  Puer  pulcher.  20.  Puella  pulehra,  21.  Tectum 
pulchrum.  22.  Pueri  pnlcliri.  23.  Puellae  pulchrae. 
24.  Tecta  pulchra. 

25.  Vera  amicitia.  26.  Gladius  longus.  27.  Magna 
gloria.  28.  Spes  falsa.  29.  Sine  magno  labore.  30. 
Modius  aureornm  annulorum.  ^p 

THIRD  DECLENSION. — 150-153. 

8.  1.  Dolor  acer.      2.  Sine  dolore  acri.      3.  Dolores 
acres.     4.  Hostis  crudelis.      5.   Hostem  crudelem.  ^6. 
Hostium  crudelinm.     7.  Hiems  glacialis.     8.   Hiemein 
glacialem.      9.    Carmen   dulce.      10.    Carnima  dulcia. 
11.  Innnmerabiles  fabiilae. 

COMPARISON  OF  ADJECTIVES. — 160-162. 

9.  1.    Triumplius  clarus.       2.    Triumphus  clarior. 
3.  Triumplius  clarissimus.     4.  Triumphi  clari.     5.  Tri- 
umphi  clariores.     6.  Triumplii  clarissimi.     7.  Yir  fortis. 
8.  Yir  fortior.      9.  Yir  fortissimus.      10.    Sapiens  vir. 
11.  Sapientior  vir.     12.  Sapientissimus  vir. 

13.  Fortissimi  viri.  14.  Fortissimorum  viroruni 
multitude.  15.  Peiitus  dux.  16.  Peritissimi  duces. 
17.  Bella  funestissima. 


PRONOUNS. 

CLASSIFICATION  AND   DECLENSION  OF  PRONOUNS. — 182-191. 
HULE  XXXIV. — Agreement  of  Pronouns. — 445;  445,1. 

10.  1.  Mei.  2.  Tibi..  3.  Inter  se.1  4.  Ad  te. 
5.  Pro  nobis.  6.  Post  me.  7.  Ante  nos.  8.  Patria 
mea.2  9.  Nostra  patria.  10.  Magister  tuus.  11.  Tua 
mens.  12.  Nostri  milites.  13.  Nostrae  amicitiae. 

1  4S2.  a  438,  1. 


VERBS.  5 

14.  Ad  salutem  restrain.  15.  Ad  vitam  suara.  16.  Hie' 
vir.  17.  Haec  urbs.  18.  Hoc  regnum.  19.  Hujus 
viri.  20.  In  hac  urbe.  21.  Haec  regna.  22.  Illi  viri. 
23.  Pro  illis  viris.  24.  Ante  hunc  diem.  25.  Sub  hoc 
rege.  26.  Pastor  illius  regionis.  27.  Idem  locus.  28. 
In  eundem  locum.  29.  Circa  eandem  lioram.  30.  Id 
tempus.  31.  Ab  ipsa  natura.  32.  li  ad  quos.3  33.  Quae 
civitas  ?  34.  Ab  aliquo.  35.  Faustulus  quidam. 


VERBS. 

INTRODUCTION.— 192-197 ;    199-203. 

VERB  SUM.— 204. 

RULE  III. — Subject  Nominative. — 367. 

RULE  XXXV.— Agreement  of  Verb  with  Subject.— 460. 

RULE  I. — Predicate  Nouns. — 362. 

11.  1.  Aristides3  Justus4  fuit.5    2.  Justus  *  est.6     3. 
Justus  erat.     4.  Justi  sumus.6     5.  Justi  fueramus.     6. 
Justi   erimus.      7.    Justi   simus.      8.    Justi  fuissemus. 
9.  Cato  sapiens  erat.     10.  Sapiens  fuerat.     11.  Sapien- 
tes  eritis.     12.  Sapientes  fuistis.      13.  Sapiens  es.     14. 
Sapientes  este.      15.   Lex  brevis  est.      16.  Lex  brevis 
esto.     17.  Leges  breves  sunt.     18.  Leges  breves  sunto. 
19.  Ego  consul7  fui.     20.  Cicero  consul  fuit,     21.  Cicero 
consul  fuerat. 

FIRST  CONJUGATION. — 205,  206. 
RULE  V.— Direct  Object.— 31 1. 

12.  1.    Amat,   amant.      2.  Amabat,   amabant.      3. 


Justus  agrees  with  the  pronoun  w,  he,  the  omitted  subject  of  est. 
M38,  1.  4438.  6460;  460,  2. 

2  445.  5  460.  7  362. 

3  367. 


6  LATIN   READER. 

Amaverat,   amaverant.      4.  Amaverit,  amaverint.      5. 
Amet,  ament. 

6.  Laudat,  laudatur.  7.  Laudant,  laudantur.  8.  Lau- 
dabat,  laudabatur.  9.  Laudabant,  laudabantur.  10. 
Laudet,  laudetur.  11.  Laudent,  laudentur. 

12.  Orationem1   laudo.      13.  Orationem    laudamus. 
14.  Orationes  laudabimus.      15.    Oratio  laudatur.     16. 
Orationes  laudantur.      17.  Virtutem  amatis.     18.  Yir- 
tutem    amabitis.       19.    Virtus    amatur.       20.    Virtus 
amata2  est.      21.  Ego  patriam  liberavi.      22.  Patriam 
liberaverunt.     23.  Patria  liberata  est.      24.  Ancus  ur- 
bem  ampliavit.     25.  Marius  fugatus2  est.     26.  Fugati 
erant.     27.  Socrates  accusatus  est. 

SECOND  CONJUGATION. — 207,  208. 

13.  1.    Moneo,  moneor.      2.    Monebam,   monebar. 
3.  Monebo,  monebor.     4.  Moneam,  monear.     5.  Mone- 
reirij  monerer.      6.  Monui,  monuimus.      7.  Monuerat, 
monuerant.      8.  Monueris,  monuerltis.      9.  Monuerim, 
momtus    sim.        10.    Moimissemus,    momti    essemus. 
11.  Monete,  monentor. 

12.  Terrebat,  terrebatur.  13.  Terrebant,  terreban- 
tur.  14.  Terreret,  terreretur.  15.  Terrerent,  terreren- 
tur.  16.  Territus  sum,  territi  sumus.  17.  Territus  es, 
territi  estis.  18.  Territus  est,  territi  sunt. 

19.  Gloriam1  veram3  habes.  20.  Gloriam  habebis. 
21.  Equites  gladios  habebant.  22.  Gladios  habuerunt. 
23.  Gladium  liabuisti.  24.  Homo  habet  memoriam. 
25.  Cum  Eomanis4  pacem  habuimus.  26.  Pacem  liabue- 
ratnus.  27.  Pacem  habebimus.  28.  Cyrus  omnium  in 
exercitu  *  suo  militum  nomina  tenebat. 

J  371.  3  438.  6  435,  1. 

2  460,  1.  "432,434. 


VERBS.  7 

THIRD  CONJUGATION. — 209,  210. 
KULE    LI. —  Use   of  Adverbs. — 582. 

14.  1.  Rego,  regor.     2.  Regimus,  regimur.     3.  Re- 
git,  regitur.      4.  Regunt,  reguntur.      5.  Rege,  regite. 

6.  Regendi,  regendo.     7.  Rectus  eram,  recti  eramus. 

8.  Spero,  pareo,  duco.     9.  Speras,  pares,  ducis.     10. 
Speramus,  paremus,  duemms.     11.  Sperabam,  parebam, 
ducebam.     12.  Sperabant,  parebant,  ducebant.     13.  Spe- 
ravi,  parui,  duxi.      14.  Speravimus,  paruimus,  duximus. 
15.  Speraverunt,  paruerunt,  duxerunt. 

16.  Deus  omnem  hunc  mundum  regit.  17.  Deus 
mundum  semper1  rexit.  18.  Deus  mundum  regebat. 
19.  Deus  mundum  reget.  20.  Cicero  ad  Atticum2  seri- 
bit.  21.  Ad  te  saepe  scribam.  22.  Cicero  multos 
libros  scripsit.  23.  Ad  amicum  de  amicitia3  scripsi. 
24.  Librum  de  senectute  scripserat.  25.  Quid  dixisti  ? 
26.  Nihil  dixi.  27.  Quid  dixistis  ?  28.  Multa  de  ami- 
citia diximus.  29.  Haec  recte  dixistis.  30.  Hie  liber 
ad  te  scriptus  est. 

FOURTH  CONJUGATION. — 211,  212. 

15.  1.  Audiebat,  audiebant.     2.  Audiebatur,  audie- 
bantur.     3.  Audiam,  audiemus.     4.  Audiar,  audiemur. 
5.  Audivit,  audiverunt.      6.  Auditus  est,   auditi  sunt. 

7.  Audiveram,  audiveramus.      8.  Auditus  eram,  auditi 
eramus. 

9.  Sperat,  paret,    ducit,  scit.      10.  Sperant,  parent, 
ducunt,  sciunt.     11.  Sperabat,  parebat,  ducebat,  sciebat. 

12.  Sperabamus,    parebamus,    ducebamus,    sciebamus. 

13.  Sperabo,  parebo,  ducet,  sciet. 

14.  Tullus  bellum  finivit.     15.  Bellum  finiverat,     16. 

1  582.  3  433.  8  434. 


8  LATIN    HEADER. 

Bellum  finitnin  est.  17.  Hie  dies  Graeciae  libertatem 
finiet.  18.  Gives  templum  custodiunt.  19.  Templa  cus- 
todiemus.  20.  Templum  custodite.  21.  Brutus  Mace- 
doniam  custodiebat.  22.  Hanc  provinciam  custodlmus, 
23.  Hoc  audivimus.  24.  A  vobis  audlmur. 

VERBS  IN  IO,  THIRD  CONJUGATION. — 213-215. 

16.  1.  Komani  urbem  capiunt.     2.  Urbes  capiebant. 
3.  Urbem  capiemus.     4.  Haec  iirbs  capietur.     5.  Urbes 
capientur.     6.  Regiilus  captus  est.     7.  Milites  arma  ca- 
piunt.    8.  Scipio  Carthaginem  cepit.     9.  Praefecti  regii 
Eretriam  ceperunt.     10.  Eegis  pater  fugit.     11.  Fugie- 
bat.      12.  Lacedaemonii  fugiunt.      13.  Fugerunt.      14. 
Xerxes  in  Asiam  fugerat. 

DEPONENT  VERBS. — 221-226. 

17.  1.  Coriolanus  popiilatur  agruin l  Eomanum.     2. 
Pyrrlius  Campaniam  depopulatus  est.     3.  Milites  agros 
depopulabantur.     4.  Hoc  facinns  rex  miratur.     5.  Hoc 
miramur.     6.  Puer  laudem  meretur.     7.  Laudem  mere- 
ris.     8.  Laudem  merentur.     9.  Gloria  virtutem  sequitur. 
10.  Ascanium  secutus  est  Silvius.     11.  Justitiam  Bequi- 
mtir.     12.  Justitiam  sequemur.     13.  Cum  Scipionc  ho- 
ndrem  partimur.     14.  Id  opus  inter  se  partiuntur. 

PERIPHRASTIC  CONJUGATION. — 227-231. 

18.  1.  Virtutem  laudaturi   sumus.      2.  Virtus  lau- 
danda  est.     3.  Quid  laudaturus  es  ?     4.  Bonitatem  lau- 
daturus   sum.     5.  Omnia2   siint  laudanda,   quae3   con- 
juncta  cum  virtute  sunt.     6.  Quid  vituperandum  est? 
7.  Omnia  sunt  vituperanda,  quae  cum  vitiis  conjuncta 

1 371.  « 441.  ",446. 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 


sunt.  8.  J3Jorkm  verain  habiturus  es.  9.  Gloriain 
veram  habit-uli  ^m?hs.  10.  Cicero  ad  Atticurn  scriptu- 
rus  erat.  11.  Epistola  scribenda  est.'  12.  Orator  audi- 
endus  est.  13.  Senatores  Ciceronem  audituri  erant. 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS. 

AGREEMENT  OF  NOUNS. 
RULE  I. — Predicate  Nouns. — 362. 

19.  1.  Ivlercurius  nuntius  erat.      2.  Furius  consul 
erat.     3.  Homo  sum.1     4.  Bacchus  erat  vini 2  deus?     5. 
Soninus  est  imago  mortis.     6.  Historia  testis  temporum 
liabetur.     7.  Historia  magistra*  vitae  habetur.    18.  So- 
crates parens  pliilosophiae  dicitur.   9.  Brutus  homo  mag- 
nus  evaserat.     10.  Nos  causa*  belli  sumus.     11.  Nautius 
et  Furius  consules*  erant.6 

RULE  II. — Appositives. — 363. 

20.  1.  Dionysius  tyrannus  expulsus  est.     2.  Dema- 
ratus,  regis  pater,  fugit.     3.  Apud  Herodoturn,  patrem 
historiae,  sunt  innumerabiles  fabulae.     4  Hannibal  Sa- 
guntum,  foederatam  urbem,  expugnavit.     5.  TJiemisto- 
cles 7  veni  ad  te.     6.  Cato  litteras  Graecas  senex 8  didicit. 
7.  Junius  aedem  Salutis,  quam  consul  voverat,  dictator 
dedicavit.     8.  Socratem,   sapientissimum 9  virum,  Athe- 
nienses  interfecerunt. 


1  460,  2.  4  362,  1,  1).  7  363,  2. 

2  395.  5  362,  1,  2).  8  363,  3. 

3  45,  6.    ,  6463,  II.  "162. 


10  LATIN   EEADEK. 

NOMINATIVE. 
RULE  III. — Subject  Nominative. — 367. 

21.1.  Cuncta  Graecia  liberata  est.  2.  P atria  mea 
est  mundus.  3.  Paulus  consul 1  regem  ad  Pydnam  su- 
peravit.  4.  Philosophia  inventrix  legum  fuit.  5.  Om- 
nium malorum  stultitia  est  mater.  6.  Non 2  omnis  error 
stultitia  est.  7.  Quot  homines?  tot  sententiae. 

VOCATIVE. 
RULE  IV. — Case  of  Address. — 369. 

22.  1.  Disce,  puer,  virtutem.      2.  Tu,  mi4   Cicero, 
haec  accipies.     3.  Te,  Minerva,  custos  urbis,  precor  ac 
quaeso.     4.  Audite,  judices.     5.  Disce,   puer,   virtutes. 
6.  Amlci,  diem  perdidi.     7.  Conservate,  judices,  hunc 
hominem. 

ACCUSATIVE. 
RULE  V. — Direct    Object. — 371. 

23,  1.  Accepi  tuas  epistolas.     2.  Labor  omnia  vincit. 
3.  Animus  regit  corpus.     4.  Nostra  nos  patria  delectat. 
5.  Miltiades  totam &  Graeciam  liberavit.      0.  Sophocles 
tragoedias  fecit.     Y.  Studia  adolescentiam  alunt,  senectu- 
tem  oblectant.     8.  Eomulus  Hoinam  condidit.     9.  Ava- 
Tiii&probitdtem  subvertit.    10.  Virtus  conciliat  amicitias. 
11.  Yirtus  amicitiam  gignit. 

12.  Vestri  patres  earn  vitam  6  vixerunt.  13.  Mirum 
soinnium*  somniavi.  14.  Pacem"1  desperavi.  15.  Se- 


1  363.  4  185.  6  371,  1,  3). 

2  582.  6  149.  7  371,  3. 

3  460,  3. 


SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  11 

quani  Ariovisti  crudelitdtem  *  horrebant.  16.  Brutum 
Romanae  matronae  luxerunt.  17.  Milites  invadunt  ur- 
~bem?  18.  Aciem a  circumvenerunt.  19.  Caesar  agrum 
Picenum  percurrit.  20.  Periculosissimum  3  locum  sum 
praetervectus.  21.  German!  flwinen  transierunt. 

RULE  VI. — Two  Accusatives — Same  Person. — 373. 

24.  1.  Ciceronem  universus  popiilus  consufem  decla- 
ravit.      2.  Eomulus   urbem  Romam  yocavit.      3.  Fecit 
heredem  filiam.     4.  Socrates  totms 4  mundi  se  civem  ar- 
bitrabatur.  .  5.  Cato  cellam  penariam  rei  publicae  nos- 
trae,  nutricem  plebis  Eomanae  Siciliam  nominavit.^f  6. 
Praesta  te  virum.    7.  Senatus  Catillnam  hostem  judicavit. 
8.  Senatus  Paulitm  consulem  creavit.  9.  Socrdtem  Apollo 
sapientismnum*  judicavit.     10.  Mesopotamia™ fertllem 
efficit  Euphrates.       11.    Tiresiam    sapientem    fingunt 
poetae.     12.  Polycrateinfellcem  appellabant. 

RULE  VII. — Two  Accusatives — Person  and  Tiling. — 3t4. 

25.  1.  Te  tua  fata  docebo.      2.  HOG  me  docuit  usus, 
magister0  egregius.     3.  Fortima  belli  artem metes'1  docet. 
4.  Augustus  nepotes  suos  litteras  docuit.     5.  Antigonus 
iter  omnes  *  celat.      6.  Paeem  te  poscimus.     7.  Boeotii 
auxilia  regem  orabant.     8.  Cato  interrogatus  est  senten- 
tiam.     9.  Marcius  omnes  artes  edoctus  fuerat. 

10.  Auxilium  a  Caesdre*  petierunt.     11.  Te  illud™ 
admoneo.     12.  Te  id  consulo.     13.  Hannibal  nonaginta 


J  371,  3. 

5  373,  3. 

.    M41,  1. 

2  371,  4. 

63G3. 

0  374,  a,  3). 

3  162. 

7  575. 

10  374.  5. 

4  149. 

^** 

SeT^?5^^ 

12  LATEST    READER. 

millia1  peditum  Iberum1  traduxit.  14.  Belgae  Rhe- 
nwn1  transductl  sunt. 

RULE  VIII. — Accusative  of  Time  and  Space. — 378. 

26,  1.  Servius  Tullius  regnavit  annos  quattuor2  et* 
quadraginta.     2.  Appius  Claudius  caecus  annos  multos 

iuit.     3.  Quaedam  bestiolae  unum  diem  vivunt.     4.  Dio- 

.  v       .  ...  / 

nysius  quinque  et  viginti  natus  annos  dommatum  occu- 

pavit.  5.  Caesar  duas  fossas  quindecim  pedes  latas 
perduxit.  6.  Milites  aggerem  altum  pedes  octoginta 
exstruxerunt.  7.  Arabes  gladios  habebant  longos  qua- 
terna  cubita.  8.  Urbs  quinque  dierum  iter  abest. 

EULE  IX. — Accusative  of  Limit. — 379. 

27,  1.  Cicero  Athenas  venit.     2.  Eegulus  Carthagi- 
nem  rediit.     3.  Hannibal  Capuam  concessit.     4.  Cicero 
maximum  numerum  frumenti4  JRomUmim&\i.     5.  Dio- 
nysius    navigabat    Syracusas.       6.  Curius    elephantos 
quattuor  Romam  duxit. 

7.  Aurum  domum*  comportant.  8.  Ego  rus  ibo.8 
9.  Veni  consiilis  domum.  10.  Yerres  Delum  venit. 
11.  Pausaniam  Gyprum  raiserunt.  12.  Hannibal  in 
Jiiberna''  Capuam  concessit.  13.  Legiones  ad  urbem 
adducit.  14.  Darius  in  Asiaw  rediit. 

RULE  X. — Accusative  of  Specification. — 380. 

28,  1.  Equus  tremit  artus.      2.  Aeneas 8  caedit  ni- 
grantes   terga  juvencos.      3.  Jovem 9   lacrimis 10   oculos 

J874,  G.  *S79,  3;  117,  1;  118,  1.          8  43. 

2  174.  G  295.  °  66,  3. 

3  308,  310,  1.  "  379,  4.  10  414  ;  414,  4. 

4  395. 


SYNTAX  OF  NOUXS. 

suflusa  nitcntes  alloquitur  Venus.  4.  Hannibal  femur 
ictus  cecidit.  5.  Hannibal  animum  incensus  est.  6.  Se 
deus  obtiilit  *  omnia  Mercuric 2  similis,  vocemqae 3  colo- 


7.  Haec  vis  valet  multum?  8.  Haec  vis  idem  potest. 
9.  Nervii  nihil  possunt.  10.  Tliebani  nihil  moti  sunt. 
11.  Quid  hostis  potest?  12.  Quid  venisti?  13.  Quid 
plura 5  dispiito  ? 

RULE  XI. — Accusative  in  Exclamations. — 381. 

29.  1.  O  praeclaram  vitamf      2.  O  spectaculum  mi- 
serum  !     3.  O  tempbra^  o  mores  !  Senatus  conjurationem 
intelligit,  consul  videt.      4.  O  vim  maxim  am6  erroris ! 
5.  O  dementiam  admirabilem  !     6.  Heu  me  infellcem  ! 
7.  Hanc  audaciam  ! 

DATIVE. 
RULE  XII. — Dative  with  Verls. — 384. 

30.  1.  Non  scholae,  sed  vitae  discimus.     2.  Omnes 
homines  libertdti  student.     3.  Germani  labori  ac  duritia>e- 
student.     4.  Ego  philosophiae  semper  vaco.     5.  Pietati 
summa 7  tribuenda 8  laus  est.     6.  Non  solum  nobis  divites 
sumus,  sed  liberis,  amlds,  maximeque  reipublwae. 

7.  Philosophiae  nos  tradimus.  8.  Graeci  homines 
honores  tribuunt  iis  viris,  qui  tyrannos  necaveinint.  9. 
Non  placidam  meinbris  dat  cura  quietem.)  10.  Omnes, 
quum  valemus,  recta  consilia  aegrotis g  damus. 


1  292,  2.  4  380,  2.  7  163,  3. 

2  391.  5  165,  1.  8  231. 
8  587,  I.  3&5.              6  165.                      9441, 


16  LATIN    READER. 

2.  Insidiae  consuli  non  procedebant.  3.  Convenienter 
naturae  vivimus.  4.  Philosopkus  sibi  constanter  conve- 
nienterque  dicit. 

GENITIVE. 
EULE  XVI. — Genitive  with  Nouns. — 395,  396. 

39.  1.  Pietas  fundamen^tfm  x  est  omnium  virtutum, 
2.  Ira  est  initium  insaniae./  3.  Sapientia  est  rerum  divi- 
nSrum  et  humanarum  scieqtia.  4.  Nona  diei  hora  erat. 

I.  SUBJECTIVE  GENITIVE. — 1.  Vulttis  sermo  '  quidam8 
tacitns 2  mentis  est.     2.  Nostri  milites  impetum  hostium 
sustinuernnt.     3.  Themistocles  non  effugit  cimum  suo- 
nim  invidiam.     4.  Ventorum  pater  regit  navem.     5.  Sin- 
gulorum  facilitates  divitiae x  sunt  civitdtis. 

II.  OBJECTIVE  GENITIVE. — 1.  Crescit   amor  nummi. 
2.  Animi  morbi   sunt  cnpiditates  divitidrwn,  gloriae, 
volujptatwn. 

III.  PAETITIVE  GENITIVE. — 1.  Justitia  nihil  expetit 
praemii)  nihil  pretii.  /2.  Conon  pecuniae  quinquagint^ 
talenta  civfbns  suis  donavit.0^  3.  Permagnnm  pondus  ar- 
genti  fuit.     4.  Socrates  ommiim 3  sapientissimus 4  judica- 
tus  est.     5.  Gallorum  omnium  fortissimi  sunt  Belgae. 
6.  Ubmam  gentium 5  sumus  ?     7.  Satis  eloquentiae 6  fuit, 
sapientiae  parum. 

IV.  GENITIVE  OF    CHARACTERISTIC. — 1.   Tarquinius 
fratrem    habuit    Aruntem,7     mitis    ingenii    juvenem. 


1  362.  8  396,  III.  3)  (2).         *  39G,  III.  4)  (2), 

2  438;  438,  1,       4  102.  "  S96,  III.  4)  (1), 

•*F!  '  863. 


SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  17 

2.  Athenienses  belli  ducera l  eligunt  Periclem,1  spectata,e 
virtutis  virum.2  3.  Classem3  septuaginta4  navium 
Athenienses  Miltiadi 3  dederunt. 

V.  GENITIVE  OF  SPECIFICATION. — 1.  Cyri  nomen*  ac- 
cepit.  2.  Quid  sonat  vox  voluptdtis  f  3.  Virtutes  con- 
tinentiae,  gravitdtis,justitiae,fidei,  omni  honore 6  dignae 
sunt.  4.  Germaniae  vocabiilum  recens  est.  5.  Domini 
appellationem  semper 7  exhorruit  Augustus. 

RULE  XVII. — Genitive  with  Adjectives. — 399. 

40,  1.  Avida  e&ipericuli  virtus.  '    2.  Haec  aetas  vir- 
tutum  ferax  est.     3.  Conscia  mens  recti  famae 8  menda- 
cia9  ridet.     4-.  Romani  appetentes  10  gloriae  atque  "  avidi 
laudis  fuerunt.      5.  Multi  contentionis  sunt  cupidiores  12 
quam  veritdtis.      6.  Epaminondas  fuit  peritus  lelli,  veri- 
tdtis  diligens.      7.  Conon  prudens  rei   militaris  erat. 
8.  Socrates  se  omnium  rerum  nescium 1S  fingit.     9.  The- 
mistocles  peritissimos 12  belli  navalis  fecit  Athenienses. 
10.  Homo  rationis  "  est  particeps.     11.  Plena  errorum 
sunt  omnia.     12.  Omnes  mrtuiis  compotes  ia  beati  sunt. 
13.  Viri 16  propria  est  fortitudo. 

EULE  XVIII.— Predicate  Genitive.— 401-403. 

41.  1.  Darnnatio  &§i  jud/icum  ;  poena,  legis.     2.  Im- 
becilli  ariimi  est  superstitio.     3.  Xerxis 8  classis  mille  et 
ducentarum  nwvium  fuit.     4.  Claudius  erat  somni  bre- 
vissimi.     5.  Permami  momenti  est  ratio.     6.  Temeritas 


'373. 

7    582. 

12  162. 

a  363. 

8  395. 

13  373  ;  373,  3. 

3  384,  II. 

9  371,  3,  1). 

"  399,  2,  (3). 

4  175,  2. 

10  575  ;  353. 

15  155,  5. 

6  371. 

:1  587,  1. 

16  399,  3,  8). 

6  419,  IV. 

16  LATIN    HEADER. 

2.  Insidiae  consuli  non  procedebant.  3.  Convenienter 
naturae  vivimus.  4.  Philosopkus  sibi  constanter  conve- 
nienterque  dicit. 

GENITIVE. 
EULE  XVI. — Genitive  with  Nouns. — 395,  396. 

39.  1.  Pietas  fundament&m a  est  omnium  virtutum. 
2.  Ira  est  initium  insaniaeJ  3.  Sapientia  est  rerum  divi- 
narum  et  humanarum  scieqtia.  4.  Nona  diei  hora  erat. 

I.  SUBJECTTYE  GENITIVE. — 1.  Vultus  sermo  i  quidam 7 
tacitus 2  mentis  est.     2.  ISTostri  milites  impetum  hostium 
sustinuernnt.     3.  Themistocles  non  eifugit  civium  suo- 
nlm  invidiam.     4.  Ventorum  pater  regit  navem.     5.  'Sin- 
guldTum  facilitates  divitiae '  sunt  civitdtis. 

II.  OBJECTIVE  GENITIVE. — 1.  Crescit   amor  nummi. 
2.  Animi  morbi  sunt  cupiditates  dimtidrwn^  gloriae, 
voluptdtwn. 

III.  PAETITIVE  GENITIVE. — 1.  Justitia  nihil  expetit 
praemii,  nihil  pretii.  £2.  Conon  pecuniae  quinquaginta^ 
talenta  civibus  suis  donavit.^  3.  Permagnum  pondus  ar- 
genti  fuit.     4.  Socrates  ommum 3  sapientissimus 4  judica- 
tus  est.     5.  Gattorum  omnium  fortissimi  sunt  Belgae. 
6.  Ubinam  gentium 5  sumus  ?     1.  Satis  eloquentiae 6  fuit, 
sapientiae  parum. 

IV.  GENITIVE  OF    CnAEACTEEiSTic. — 1.   Tarquinius 
fratrem    habuit    Aruntem,7     mitis    in-genii    juvenem. 


1  362.  8  396,  III.  3)  (2).         »  396,  III.  4)  (2). 

8  438;  438,  1.       4  1(T2.  »  396,  III.  4)  (1), 

i^1  '80S. 


SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  17 

2.  Athenienses  belli  diicera l  eligunt  Periclem,1  spectatae 
virtutis  virum.2  3.  Classem3  septuaginta4  naviwn 
Athenienses  Miltiadi 3  dederimt. 

V.  GENITIVE  OF  SPECIFICATION. — 1.  Cyri  nomen*  ac- 
cepit.  2.  Quid  sonat  vox  voluptdtis  ?  3.  Virtutes  con- 
tinentiae,  gravitdtis,  justitiae,  fidei,  omni  lionore 6  dignae 
siint.  4.  Germaniae  vocabulum  recens  est.  5.  Domini 
appellationem  semper 7  exliorruit  Augustus. 

RULE  XVII. — Genitive  with  Adjectives. — 399.  \ 

40,  1.  Avid  a  est  periculi  virtus.  *    2.  Haec  aetas  vir- 
tutum  ferax  est.     3.  Coiiscia  mens  recti  famae 8  menda- 
cia9  ridet.     4.  Romani  appetentes  10  gloriae  atque  "  avidi 
laudis  fuerunt.      5.  Multi  contentions  sunt  cupidiores  13 
quam  veritdtis.      6.  Epaminondas  fuit  peritus  lelli,  veri- 
tdtis  diligens.      7.  Conon  prudens  rei   militaris  erat. 
8.  Socrates  se  omnium  rerum  nescium 13  fingit.     9.  The- 
mistocles  peritissnnos 12  belli  navalis  fecit  Athenienses. 
10.  Homo  rationis 14  est  particeps.     11.  Plena  errorum 
sunt  omnia.     12.  Omnes  mrtuiis  compotes  1S  beati  sunt. 
13.  Viri 16  propria  est  fortitudo. 

EULE  XVIII.— Predicate  Genitive.— 401-403. 

41.  1.  Darnnatio  estjudwum  •  poena,  legis.     2.  Im- 
becilli  anwii  est  superstitio.     3.  Xerxis 8  classis  mille  et 
ducentarum  navium  fuit.     4.  Claudius  erat  somni  bre- 
vissimi.     5.  Permagni  momenti  est  ratio.     6.  Temeritas 


^YS. 

7    582. 

12  162. 

a  363. 

8  395. 

13  373  ;  373,  3. 

3  384,  II. 

9  371,  3,  1). 

11  399,  2,  (3). 

4  175,  2. 

10  575  ;  353. 

15  155,  5. 

6  371. 

n  587,  1. 

16  399,  3,  3). 

8  419,  IV. 

18  LATIN   READER. 

est  florentis  '  aetatis ;  prudentia,  senescentis.  7.  Praeda 
parvi  pretii  fuit.  8.  Thebae 2  populi  Romani  factae 3 
sunt.  9.  Voluptatem  virtus  minimi 4  facit.  10.  Divitiae 
a  me 5  minimi*  putantur.  11.  Nulla  possess! o  pluris G 
quam  virtus  aestimanda  est.  12.  Vendo  meum  frumen- 
tum  non  pluris,  quam  ceteri.  13.  Mentlri7  non  est 
meum?  14.  Tuum  est  mihi *  ignoscere. 

RULE  XIX. — Genitive  with  Certain  Verls.— 406-408. 

42,  \.Eorum  miserere,10   qui11   in  miseriis 12   sunt. 
2.  Animus  meminit 13  jpraefaritdrum"  praesentia  cernit, 
futura  praevidet.     3.  Eeminiscere  pristinae  mrtutis  Hel- 
vetiorum.     4.  Deorum  16  immortalium  fieneficia 16  recor- 
dor.      5.  Obliti  sunt  injuridrum.      6.  Habetis   dueem 
inemorein  vestri,  oblitum  sui.     7.  Aliorum  vitia  cernit, 
obliviscitur  suorum.     8.  Flagitiorum  suorum  recordabi- 
tur.     9.  Plane!  meriti  recorder. 

10.  Magni 17  rei  publicae  interest  omnes  copias  ie  con- 
venire.19  11.  Illud  mea**  magni  interest.  12.  Hoc  tud 
nihil 1T  referebat.  13.  Tud  et  med  maxime 21  interest  te 
valere.  14.  Non  refert,  quam  multos  libros,  sed  quam 
bonos  habeas.22 

RULE  XX. — Accusative  and  Genitive. — 410. 

43.  1.  Te  veteris  amicitiae  commonefacio.     2.  Tibe- 
rius judices™  legum  admonebat. 


^575. 

9  385. 

17  408,  3. 

2  131,  1,  2). 

10  272,  2. 

18  545. 

8  279  ;  294. 

11  445. 

19  408,  2. 

4  403;  165. 

12  435,  1. 

*°  408,  1,  2). 

&  414,  5. 

13  297,  I. 

21  305,  2  ;   165. 

6  165.  1. 

14  575  ;  295,  2. 

22  525. 

7  549. 

16  45,  6. 

3J78. 

b  404,  1. 

*  407,  1 

SYNTAX   OF   NOUNS.  19 

3.  Te  convinco  non  inhumanitdtis  solum,  sed  etiam 1 
amentiae.  4.  Fannius  Verrem  insimiilat  avaritiae  et 
audaciae.  5.  Cicero  Verrem  avaritiae  coarguit.  6. 
Orestes  accusatur  matricidii.  7.  Nicomedes  furti  dam- 
natus  est. 

8.  Nonne 2  te  miseret  mei  ?  9.  Num. 2  hujus  tegloriae 
poenitebat  ?  10.  Me  non  solum  piget  stultitiae  meae, 
sed  etiam  pudet.  11.  Me  civitatis  morum 3  piget  tae- 
detque.4 

ABLATIVE. 
RULE  XXI. — Ablative  of  Cause,  Manner,  Means. — 414. 

44.  I.  CAUSE. — 1.  Caesar  leneficiis  ac  munificentid 
magnus  habebatur,  integritdte  vitae,  Cato.6  2.  Quidam 
vitiis  suis  gloriantur.  3.  Gubernatoris  ars  utilitdte,  non 
arte  laudatur.  4.  Avaritid  et  luxurid  Eomfma  civitas 
laborabat.  5.  Nimio  gaudio  paene 8  desipiebam.  6. 
Adolescentes  senum7  praeceptis  gaudent.  Y.  Laetus 
sorte  tua  yives  sapienter.6  8.  Campani  fuerunt  superbi 
lonitdte  agrorum. 

II.  MANNEE. — 1.   Miltiades  summa8    aequitdte  res 
Chersonesi  constituit.     2.  Athenienses  vi  summa  proeli- 
um  commiserunt.      3.  Sidera9   cursus    suos   conficiunt 
maxima10  celeritdte.     4.  Athenienses  curnsilentio11  audlti 
sunt.     5.  Cum  virtute  vivimus.     6.  Pausanias  epulaba- 
tur  more  Persarum. 

III.  MEANS,  INSTRUMENT. — 1.  Servius  Tullius  virtutc 


1  587,  I.  5. 

5  367,  3. 

9  73,  1. 

2  346,  II.  1. 

6  582. 

10  165. 

3  72. 

7  78,  5. 

11  414,  3. 

4  587,  I.  3. 

8  163,  3. 

20  LATIN   READER. 

regnum  tenuit.  2.  Nemo  fit l  casu  bonus.  3.  Avarus 
animus  nullo  satiatur  lucro.  4.  Trahimur  omnes  studio 
laudis.2  5.  Magnos  homines  virtute  metlmur,  non  far- 
tuna.  6.  Dido  3  vitam  suam  gladio  finivit.  7.  Voluptdte 
capiuntur  homines,  ut  hamo  pisces.4  8.  Minuuntur  atrae 
carmine  curae.  9.  Boni  nullo  emolumento  impelluntur 
in  fraudem.5 

IY.  AGENT. — 1.  Alcibiades  eruditus  est  a  &ocrdte* 
2.  A.  Deo  omnia 7  facta  sunt.8  3.  Sacra  db  Numa,  insti- 
tuta  sunt.  4.  A  multis"*  ipsa 9  virtus  contemnitur. 

EULE  XXII. — Ablative  of  Price. — 416. 

45.  1.  Ego  10  spem  pretio  non  emo.     2.  Vas  Corin- 
thium  magno  pretio  mercatus  sum.     3.  Viginti  talentis 
unam  "  orationem  Isocrates  vendidit.     4.  Si  prata  magno 
aestimant,  quanti I2  est  aestimanda i3  virtus  ?     5.  Fanum 
pecimia  grandi  venditum  est.      6.  Otium  non  gemmis  u 
venale  est. 

KULE  XXIII. — Ablative  with  Comparatives. — 417. 

46.  I/  Yilius  argentum  est  auro,  virtufibus  aurum. 
2.  Lux  somtu  est  velocior.     3.  Amoris  simulatio  pejor  r*\ 
est  odio.   4.  Nihil  est  veritatis  luce  dulcius.     5.  Nihil  est 
ratidne  melius.15     6.  Lacrlma  nihil  citius  arescit. 

7.  Tullus  Hostilius  ferocior  quam  Homulus™  fuit. 
8.  Sol  major 15  est  quam  terra.  9.  Natura  nihil  habet 


294. 

7  441,  1. 

12  402,  III.  1. 

396,  II. 

8  294  ;  294,  2. 

13  229,  231. 

Cl,  5;  92,  3. 

3  452. 

14  416,  1,  4). 

367,  3. 

10  446. 

36  165. 

435,  1. 

11  176. 

16  417,  1. 

414,  5. 

SYNTAX   OF    NOUNS.  21 

praestantius  quam  hon&stdtemS  10.  Timoleon  sapientius  a 
tulit  3  secundam  fortunam  quam  adversam.  11.  Major 
famae  sitis  est  quam  virtutis.1 

RULE  XXIV.  —  Ablative  of  Difference.  —  418.        \ 


1.  Patria  milii4  vita  mea  multo  est  carior.  2. 
Pompeius  biennio  major  fuit  quam  Cicero.1  3.  Hie  locus 
aequo  spatio  ab  castris  5  Ariovisti  et  Caesaris  aberat.  4. 
Numa  Pompilius  annis  permultis  ante  fuit  quam  6  Py- 
thagoras. 5.  Homeri  7  etsi  incerta  sunt  tempora,  tamen 
annis  multis  fuit  ante  Eoniulum.8 

RULE  XXV.  —  Ablative  in  Special  Constructions.  —  419. 

48.  I.  UTOR,  FKUOE,  ETC.  —  1.  Multi  leneficio  Dei 
perverse  utuntur.  2.  JKecordatione  nostrae  ainicitiae  9 
fruor.  3.  Commoda,  quibus  utimur,  a  Deo  10  nobis  ll 
dantur.  4.  Lux,  qua  fruimur,  a  Deo  nobis  datur.  5.  Vir- 
tutis  munere  functus  sum.  6.  Solus  potitus  est  imperio 
.  Eomulus.  7.  Numidae  plerumque  lacte  12  et  carne  13  ves- 
cebantur. 

II.  FIDO^  CONFIDO,  ETC.  —  1.  Prudentid  consilidqne  l4 
fidimus.     2.  Quis  aut  corporis  firmitdte  aut  fortunae  sta- 
lilitdte  conf  idet  ?     3.  Juvenis  nititur  hastd. 

III.  PLENTY  AND  WANT.  —  1.  Abundarunt  I6  semper 
auro  regna    Asiae.      2.  Capua  fortissimorum  virorum 
multitudlne  redundat.      3.  Antiochla  eruditissimis  homi- 


1  417,  1. 
8  582,  305. 

6  523,  2,  2). 
7  395. 

11  384,  I. 
12  63. 

-V 

3  292. 

8  432,  433. 

13  61,  3. 

4  391. 

9  396,  II. 

14  587,  I.  3. 

5  434. 

10  414,  5. 

15  234. 

22  LATIN   READER. 

nibus  affluebaj;.  4.  Nihil  lionestum  est  quod  1  justitid 
vacat.  5.  Nulla 2  vitae  pars  vacat  qfficio.  6.  Nunquam 
eminentia  invidia  caret.  7.  Magna  negotia  magnis  ad* 
jutoribus  egent.  8.  Deus  lonis 3  omnibus  explevit  mun- 
dum.  9.  Hectora4  vita  spoliavit  Achilles.  10.  Caesari 
tradita  urbs  est,  nuda 6  graesidio,  referta  cqpiis.  1L 
Virtute  multi 3  praediti  sunt. 

IV.  DIGNUS,  INDIGNUS,   ETC. — 1.  Virtus  imitation*?, 
non  invidia  digna  est.      2.  Quam  multi   indigni  luce 
sunt,  et  tamen  dies  oritur.6  ffi.  Sapientia  eo  contenta  est, 

/      quod  adest.     4.  Intdligentia  vestra  fretus  sum. 

V.  OPUS  AND  Usus. — 1.  MagistratZbus  opus  est.    2. 
Multis 7  duce  opus  est.     3.  Nihil 8  opus  est  simulatione. 
4.  NaAnbus  consiili  usus  est.     5.  Quantum 9  argenti 10  est 
tibi  opus  ?     6.  Nobis  exempla  permulta  opus  sunt. 

RULE  XXVI.— Ablative  of  Place.— 421. 

49.  1.  In  Italia  bellum  fuit.  2.  Haec  ab  Romania 
in  Graecia  gesta  sunt.  3.  Iphicrates  in  Thracia  vixit. 
4.  Caesar  ab  urbe  proficiscitur.  5.  Darius  ex  Asia  in 
Europam  "  exercitum  trajecit.  6.  Talis  JRomae  Fabri- 
cius,  qualis  Aristides  Aihenis  fuit. 

7.  Tarquinius  Superbus  mortuus  est  Cumis.  8.  N"uma 
Pompilius  Cumins  habitabat.  9.  Syracusis  est  fons 
aquae  dulcis,  cui 12  noinen  Arethusa  est.  V 10.  Demaratus, 
Tarquinii  regis  pater,  fugit  Tarquinios  Coriniho.  11. 
Haec  terra  marlque  14  gesta  sunt.  12.  Conon  plurimuni " 
vixit  Oypri"  Tim o then s  Lesbi. 


J445. 

6  280,  2. 

11  435,  1. 

2  149. 

7  419,  3. 

12  387. 

8  441,  1. 

8  380,  2. 

13  379. 

4  93,  1. 

9  419,  3,  2). 

J4  422,  1,  1). 

*4S8. 

10  396,  III. 

15  380,  2;  166. 

^r 

J6  424,  1. 

SYNTAX  OF  NOUNS.  23 

EULE  XXVII. — Ablative  of  Source  and  Separation. — 425. 

50.  1.  Praeclarum  a  majoribus  accepimus  morem.1 
2.  Hoc  a  seriibus 2  audivimus.      3.  Disce,  puer,  virtutern 
ex  me,  fortunam  ex  aliis.     4.  Ex  nimia  potentid  oritur 
interitus.     5.  Jove s  nate,  Hercules,  salve. 

6.  Abstinent  pugna.  7.  Lacedaemonii  de  diutina 
contentione  destiterunt.  8.  Zama  quinque  dierum  iter 4 
db  Carthagine  abest.  9.  Ariovistus  millibus5  passuum 
sex  a  Caesaris  castris 6  consedit.  10.  Tu,  Jupiter,  Cati- 
Imam  a  tectis  urbis,  a  moerifcbus,  a  vita  fortuniscjUQ  civi- 
iim  omnium  arcebis.  11.  Dionysius  tyrannus  Syracusis 
expulsus  est.  12.  Aristides  nonne7  expulsus  est  patria  \ 
13.  Themistocles  imperator  bello  Persico  servitute  Grae- 
ciam  liberavit.  14.  Eobustus  animus  omni  est  liber 
curd  et  angore. 

ETJLE  'XSNUL.—Allative  of  Time.— ¥2$,  427. 

5 1.  1.  Augustus  obiit 8  sexto  et  septuagesimo  aetatis 
anno.     2.  Socrates  supremo 9  yitae  die  de  immortalitate 
animorum  multa  disseruit.      3.  Timoleon  proelia  maxi- 
ma 10  natali  die  suo  fecit  omnia.      4.  Qua  nocte  natus  est 
Alexander,  eddem  Dianae  Ephesiae  templum  deflagravit. 

5.  Solis  occdsu  suas  copias  Ariovistus  in  castra  reduxit. 

6.  Nemo  mortalium  omnibus  horis  sapit.      Y.  Laelius 
sermonem  de  amicitia  habuit  paucis  diebus  "  post  mor- 
tem Africani."f-8.  Eoscius  litem  12  decldit  abliinc  cmnis 
quattuor.     9.  Carthago  septingentesimo  anno  postquan? 
condita  erat,  deleta  est. 


J72. 

6  378,  2. 

9  163,  3. 

8  78,  5. 

6  132. 

10  165. 

3  66,  3  ;  425,  3. 

7  346,  II.  1. 

11  427. 

'378. 

8  295,  3. 

13  71,  6. 

24  LATIN  EEADEK. 

RULE  XXIX. — Ablative  of  Characteristic. — 428. 

52.  1.  Caesar  Procillum,  summd  *  virtute  adolescen- 
tem,  ad  Ariovistum  misit.     2.  Aristoteles,  vir*  summo 
ingenio,  scientid,  copid,  prudentiam  cum  eloquentia  con- 
junxit.     3.  Cato  singuldri  fuit  prudentid  3  et  industrid. 
4.  Appius  homo  fuit  summd  prudentid^  multd  etiam 
doctrlnd.     5.  Hannibalis  nomen  erat  magnd  apud  omnes 
gloria.     6.  Agesilaus  staturd  fuit  huniUi  et  corpore  exi- 
guo.      7.  Caesar  fuit  excelsd  staturd^    colore  candido, 
nigris  oculis. 

RULE  XXX. — Ablative  of  Specification. — 429. 

53.  1.  Sunt  quidam  homines4  non  re,  sed  nomine. 
2.  Doctrlna  Graecia  Eomanos  et  omni  litterarum  genere 
superabat.     3.  Mardonius,  natione  Medus,  a  PausaniS-5 
fugatus  est.     4.  Helvetii  reliquos  Gallos  virtute  praece- 
dnnt.      5.  Ancus  regnavit  arinos6  quattuor  et  viginti, 
cuilibet 7  superiorum  8  regum  belli  pacisque  et  artibus  et 
gloria  par. 

RULE  XXXI.— Ablative  Absolute.— 430  &  431. 

54.  1.  Cognito  Caesaris  admntu,  Ariovistus  legatos 
ad  eum  mittit.      2.  Ite,9  deis 10  TOne  juvantibus.     3.  Py- 
thagoras, Tarquinio  Superbo  regnante,  in  Italiam  venit. 
4.  Virtute  exeeptd,  nihil  amicj^L11  praestabilius  est.     5. 
Germani  pellibus  12  utuntur,  rnlfp&a  corporis^r^  nudd. 
6.  I^Tatus  est  Augustus,  Cicerone  et  Antonio  consuVibus. 


'  163,  3. 

5  414,  5. 

9  295. 

2  363. 

6  378. 

10  45,  6. 

8  428,  1,  2). 

7  191,  II.  ;  391. 

11  417. 

43G2. 

8  163,  3. 

22  419. 

SYNTAX    OF    NOUNS.  25 

7.  Bomani,  Scipione  duce,  ponte  facto,   superaverunt 
Ticinum  flumen. 

RULE  XXXII. — Cases  with  Prepositions. — 432-435.. 

55.  I.  ACCUSATIVE. — 1.  Sophocles  ad  siimmam  senec- 
tutem  tragoedias  fecit.  2.  Adolescentes  senum  praeceptis 
ad  virtutum l  studio,  duciintur.  3.  Pietas  est  justitia  ad- 
versus  deos.  4.  Ante  lucem  galli  canunt.  5.  Epaminon- 
das  Lacedaemonios  vicit  apud  Mlantineam,.  6.  Legiunes 
Etruscorum  cis  Padum  fusae  sunt.  1.  Utilitatis  dere- 
lictio  contra  naturam  est.  *"  8.  Justitia  erga  deos  religio  * 
dicitur,  erga  parentes,  pietas.  9.  Eatio  conciliat  inter 
se 3  homines.  10.  Amicitia  est  propter  se  expetenda.4 
11.  Animus  per  somnum  curis &  vacuus  est.  12.  Post 
me  erat  Aegina.  13.  Secundum^m^^  paucae  stationes 
videbantur.  14.  Germani  trans  Hhenum  incolunt. 

II.  ABLATIVE. — 1.  A  prima6  aetdte  me  philosophia 
delectavit.      2.   Cantabit  vacuus  coram  latrone  victor. 
3.  Sex  menses7  cum  Antiocho  philosopho  fui.     4.  Scipio 
ob  egregiam  victoriam  de  Hannifiale  appellatus  est  Afri- 
canus.     5.  Yirtus  ex  viro  appellata  est.     6.  Cato  prae 
ceteris  floruit.     7.  Caesar  legiones  pro  castris  constituit. 

8.  Vita  nihil  sine  magno  labore  dedit  mortalibus.8     9. 
Aqua  erat  pectoribus  teiius.0 

III.  ACCUSATIVE  OK  ABLATIVE. — 1.  In  amnem  ruunt. 
2.  Gallia  est  divlsa  in  paries  tres.     3.  Homo  doctus  in  se 
semper  divitias  habet.      4.  Sub  ipsa  moenia  progress! 
sunt.     5.  Saepe  est  etiam  sub  pallio  sordido  sapientia. 
0.  Virtus  omnia  subter  se  habet. 


1  396,  II.  4  231 ;  460,  1.  7  378. 

3  362.  6  419,  III.  8  384,  II. 

8  448,  1.  6  441,  6 ;  166.  9  434,  4. 


26  LATIN   EEADEK. 


SYNTAX  OF  ADJECTIVES. 

RULE  XXXIII. — Agreement  of  Adjectives. — 438,  439.  ^ 

56.  1.  Vera  amicitia  sempiterna  est.  2.  Verae  ami- 
citiae  sempiternae  sunt.  3.  Venit  hiems  glacidlis.  4. 
Fugit  irreparable  tempus.  5.  Nihil  est  ab  omni  parte 
'bedtum.  6.  Atra  nubes  condidit  lunam.  7.  Hora  quota 
est  ?  8.  Qualis  est  #w#  mens  ?  9.  Nemo  nascitur  dives. 

10.  Stultitia  et  temeYit&sfugienda  *  sunt.  11.  Labor 
voluptasque,  dissimilllmd 2  nattira,3  inter  se  sunt  juncta. 
12.  Non  terret  sapientem*  mors.  13.  fortes*  fortuna 
adjiivat.  14.  Prima*  luce  summus  mons  a  Labieno 
tenebutur.6  15.  Feriunt  summos  fulgtira  montes.  16. 
Eoscius  ass^d^lus'l  ruri8  vixit.  17.  Philosophiae °  nos 
totos  tradimus.  18.  Themistocles  dbsens  proditionis 10  est 
accusatus.  19.  Triumplius  clarior  quam  gratior11  ftiit. 


SYNTAX  OF  PRONOUNS. 

RULE  XXXIV. — Agreement  of  Pronouns. — 445. 

57.  1.  Omne  animal  se  ipsum  12  diligit.      2.  Ad  quas 
res  aptissimi  erimus,  in  Us  elaborabimus.     3.  Niliil  ex- 
pedit,  quod  non  decet.     4.  Non  est  vir 13  fortis,  qui  "  labu- 
rem  fugit. 

58.  PERSONAL  AND  POSSESSIVE. — 446-449. — 1.  Omnia 


1  460  ;  439,  3. 

6  468. 

11  444,  2. 

»163,  2;  439,  3. 

7  443. 

12  452. 

8  414. 

8  424,  2  ;  421,  II. 

13  362. 

4  441. 

0  384,  II. 

14  445,  0. 

6  441,  6. 

10  410,  II. 

SYNTAX   OF   PRONOUNS.  27 

animalia  se  diligunt.      2.  Te*  tua?  me  delectant  mea. 

3.  Ad  amicum  de  amicitia  scripsi.     4.  Ego  beatus  sum. 
5.  In  pliilosophiae  studio  aetatem  consumpsi.      6.  Aris- 
tldes  non  effugit  civium  sudrum  invidiam. 

59,  DEMONSTRATIVE. — 450-452. — 1.  Ilaec  est  tyran* 
inorum  vita.  2.  Nos  ipsi 3  consolamur.  3.  Ille  est  vir. 

4.  Ab  ipso  Graccho  eadem  haec  audlmus.      5.  Homo  ha- 
bet  memoriam  et  earn*  infinitam. 

60. 'RELATIVE. — 453. — 1.  In  mundo  Dens  est,  qui 
regit,  qui  gubernat,  qui  cursus  astrorum,  mutationes 
temporum,  rerum  vicissitudmes  conservat.  2.  Riden- 
tur,6  mala  qui  componunt  carmma.  3.  Eadem  est  utili- 
tatis,  quae  °  honestatis,  regula.  4.  Servi  moribus 7  iisdem 
erant,  quibus'1  dominus.  5.  Animal  hoc  providum, 
sagax,  acutum,  memor,  plenum  ration  is,8  quern9  voca- 
mus  hominem,  generatum  est  a  Deo.  6.  Perutiles 
Xenophontis  libri  sunt ;  quos  10  legite  studiose. 

61,  INTERROGATIVE. — 454. — 1.  0  dii11  immortales,12 
quam  rein  publicam  habemus,  in  qua  urbe  vivimus  ?     2. 
Quae  in  me  est  facultas  ? 

62.  INDEFINITE. — 455-459. — 1.    Exspectabam  13   all- 
quern  meorum.14    2.  Veni  Athenas,15  neque  me  quisquam 
ibi  agnovit.     3.  Aut  nemo,  aut,  si  quisquam,  Cato  sapi- 
ens fuit.     4.  Suum  cuique 16  pulchrum  est.    5.  Optimum 1T 
quidque 18  rarissimum  est.    6.  Oonsulum  alter  19  exerciturn 
perdidit,  alter  vendidit. 


J371. 

8  399,  2,  2). 

14  441,  1. 

-  / 

2  441,  1. 

9  445,  4. 

15  379. 

T^ 

3  452,  1. 

10  453. 

16  384. 

4  451,  2. 

M  45,  6. 

17  165;  441, 

2. 

5  453,  2. 

18  369. 

18  458,  1. 

•  451,  5. 

13  468. 

19  149. 

f  428". 

28  LATIN   READER. 

SYNTAX  OF  VEEBS. 

AGREEMENT. 
RULE  XXXV.—  Verb  with  Subject.— 460-463. 

63.  1.  Homines,  dum  decent*  discunt.      2.  Tantum 
scimus*  quantum  memoria  tenemus.     3.  Ego  libertatem 
peperi  ;  ego  patriam  li~beram?     4.  Crescit  amor  nummi, 
quantum 3  ipsa  pecunia  crescit.     5.  Pars  perexigua  Eo- 
mam  inermes  *  detain,  sunt.     6.  Uterque 5  eorum  exerci- 
tum  ex  castris  educunt*    7.  Corinthus,  totius  Graeciae 
lumen,  exstinctum'1  est.  8.  Eatio  et  OY&iioconciliat*  inter 
se  homines.     9.  Castor  et  Pollux  ex  equis  pugnaverunt? 

INDICATIVE — TENSES  AND  USE. 
RULE  X33LVL— Use  of  Indicative.— 474. 

64.  PRESENT. — 466,  467. — 1.  Virtus  conciliat  amici- 
tias.      2.  Nulla  habemus  arma  contra  mortem.      3.  In 
proelio  cita  mors  venit,  aut  victoria  laeta. 

X 

65.  IMPERFECT. — 468,   469. — 1.   Laelius  orationem 
suam  exornabat.     2.  Exspectabam  adventum  Menandri. 
3.  Lycurgi  leges  vigebant.     4.  Ut(l££inae10  consules,  sic 
Carthagme  quotannis  bini  reges  credbaMur. 

66.  FUTURE  AND  FUTURE  PERFECT. — 470, 473. — 1.  Eo- 


1  460,  2.  6  149,  4.  e  463, 1. 

2  460,  2,  1).  ft  461,  3.  9  463,  II. 
*  380,  2.  7  462.  10  421,  IL 
4  438,  6. 


SYNTAX   OF   VERBS.  2D 

mam '  quum  venero,  quae 3  perspexero,  scribam  ad  to. 
2.  Ut  sementem  feceris,  ita  7ft£fes.  3.  Si  te  3  rogavero 
aliquid,3  non  respondebis  ? 

67.  PERFECT  AND  PLUPERFECT. — 4Y1,  472. — 1.  Hos- 
tes,  ubi  primum  nostros  equites  conspexerunt*  celeriter 
nostros  perturbaverunt.  2.  Ipse  semper  cum  Graecis 
Latin  a  conjunxi.  3.  Ci  vitas  naee  semper  a  me  defensa 
est.  4.  Lacedaemoniorum  gens  fortis  fuit^  dum  Lycurgi 
leges  vigebant.  5.  Summa  cura 5  exspectabam  adventum 
Menandri,  quern 6  ad  te  miseram.  6.  Hannibal  tres  mo- 
dios  aureorum  annulorum  Carthagmem  misit,  quos 
manibus 7  equitum  Eomanorum 8  detraxerat. 

SUBJUNCTIVE. — TENSES  AND  USE.  | 

EULE  XXXVII. — Sequence  of  Tenses.-—  480,  481. 

63.  1.  Ego  vos  hortor,  ut  amicitiam  omnibus  rebus9 
humftnis  anteponatis."  2,  Philosoplna  nos  docuit,  ut 
nosmet11  ipsos  nosceremus.™  3.  Dubitant  nonnulli  de 
mundo,  casune  13  ipse  sit  effectus"  an  mente  divlna.  4:. 
Epaminondas  quaesivit,  salvusne  15  esset  clipeus.  5.  Epa- 
minondas  rogavit,  essentnefusi  hostes.  6.  Ego  in  causia 
publicis  ita  sum  versatus,  ut  defenderim  multos. 

EULE  XXXYIII. — Potential  Subjunctive. — 485,  486. 
69.  1.  Quaerat  quispiam,  cujusnam  16  causa 17  mun> 


cms  lactus  sit.1  ^J- 

2.    V  'ideas  rebus  ' 

injustis  justo 

'379. 

7  434,  1. 

13  526,  II.  1. 

2  445,  6, 

8  438. 

14  525. 

3  374. 

9  386. 

K  526,  I. 

4  460,  2. 

10  489,  490. 

16  188,  3. 

6  414,  3. 

11  184,  8. 

17  414. 

6  445. 

22  492,  2  ;  374,  4. 

18  441,  545, 

30  LATIN   HEADER. 

maxime 1  dolere.2  3.  Equidem  vellem*  ut  redlres.  4. 
Forsitan  quaeras  qui  iste  terror  sit.  5.  Hoc  sine  ulla 4 
dubitatione  confirmaverim.  6.  Quid  facidtisf*  7. 
Quis  haec  faciat  f  8.  Quid  videdtur  Deo 6  magnum  in 
rebus  liumanis  ? 

RULE  XXXIX.— Subjunctive  of  Desire.— 487  ;  488. 

"JCX  1.  Imitemur  majores  nostros.  2.  Valeant  cives 
mei ;  sint  ineoliimes,  sint  beati ;  stet  haec  urbs  praeelara. 
3.  Religio  et  fides  anteponatur'1  amicitiae.8  4.  Orator 
imitetur  Demosthenem.  5.  Is  qui  imperat  aliis 9  serviat 
ipse  nulli 10  cupiditati.  6.  In  rebus  prosperis  superbiam 
&mog&nti&mquefugidmus.  7.  Ne  quis,  tanquam  parva, 
fastidiat  grammaticae  elementa. 

HULE  XL. — Subjunctive  of  Purpose  or  Result. — fil8& 

71.  UT  AND  NE.— 490-493.— 1.  Eomani  ab  aratro 
abduxerunt  Cincinnatum,  ut  dictator  esset.11   2.  Phaethon 
optavit,  ut  in  currum  12  patris  13  tolleretur™     3.  Caesar 
adLamiam  scripsit,  ut  ad  ludos  oirmio,jp&raret*%    4.  Ti- 
moleon  oravit  omnes,   ne  id  facerent^J    5.  Deere vit 
senatus,  ut  consul  mderet?  ne  quid  res  publica  detri- 
ment! lfl  caperet.1*     6.  Discipiilos  id  unum  17  moneo,  ut 
praeceptores 18  non  minus,  quam  ipsa  studia  ament" 

72,  UT  AND  UT  NON. — 494-496. — 1.  Tanta  vis  probi- 
tatis  est,  ut  earn  in  hoste  etiam  diUgdmus.     2.  Dives  est, 
cui 1<J  tanta  possessio  est,  ut  nihil  optet  amplius.     3.  Epa- 
minondas  adeo  fuit  veritatis 80  diligens,  ut  ne  joco 21  qui- 


1  305,  2  ;  165. 

8  386. 

16  374,  4. 

2  550. 

9  385. 

»  396,  III. 

3  293. 

'°  149, 

17  374,  5. 

4  149. 

11  480. 

18  371. 

6  486,  II. 

12  435. 

10  387. 

•384. 

13  66,  2. 

20  399. 

7  463,  1. 

14  492. 

21  4  14,  3. 

SYNTAX   OF   VERBS.  31 

dein J  mentiretur.  4.  Quis  est  tarn  miser,  lit  lion  Dei 
iminificentiam  senserit  ?  5.  Aleibiades  erat  ea  sagacitate,2 
ut  decipi *  non posset* 

73.  Quo,  QUIJST,  QUOMINUS. — 497-499. — 1.  Lex  bre- 
vis  est,  quo  facilius  ab  imperltis  tenedtur.     2.  Nimquam 
accedo  ad  te,  quin  abs  te  abeam*  doctior.     3.  Quis  dubi- 
tet,6  quin  in  virtute  divitiae  sint  ?     4.  Quid  obstat,  quo- 
minus  Deus  sit  beatus  ? 

74.  RELATIVE. — 500,  501. — 1.  Caesar  equitatum,  qui 
sustineret  hostium  impetum,   misit.     2.  Non  tu  is  es, 
quera  nihil  delectet.     3.  Ego  is  sum,  qui  nihil  unquam 
mea,  potius  quam  meorum  civium  causa,7  fecerim.*    4. 
Nihil  est  quod  Deus  efficere0  nonpossit.     5.  Nullum  est 
animal  praeter  hommem,  quod  habeat  notitiam  aliquani 
Dei.     6.  Inventi  sunt  multi,10  qui  non  modo  pecuniam,11 
sed  vitam  etiam  profundere12  pro  patria  parati  n  essent. 

EULE  XLI. — Subjunctive  of  Condition. — 503-513. 

75.  DUM,  MODO,  DUMMODO. — 505. — 1.  Oderint,14  dum 
metuant.     2.  Multi  omnia  recta10  negHgunt,  dummodo 
potentiam  consequantur.     3.  Omnia  postposui,  dummodo 
praeceptis15  patris  parerem. 

76.  Ac  si,  UT  si,  QUASI,  ETC. — 506. — 1.  Tu  similiter 
facis,  ac  si  me  roges,  cur  te  duobtis 1<J  contuear '"  ociilis. 
2.-  Patres  metus  cepit,18  velut  si  jam  ad  portas  hostis  esset. 
3.  Quid  rj  testibus 20  utor,  quasi  res  dubia  sit  ? 


1  602,  III.  2. 

6  481,  I.  2  ;  460. 

JG  385. 

M28. 

0  552,  1. 

16  176,  2. 

3  552,  1. 

10  441. 

17  525. 

4  289. 

jl  371. 

18  214. 

6  295,  3. 

12  552,  3. 

19  380,  2. 

6  486,  II. 

13  438. 

20  419. 

7  414. 

14  487,  297. 

32  LATIN    READER. 

77.  Si,  NISI,  ETC.  :  Qui—  Si  is,  ETC.—  507-513.—  1. 
Animum  rege,  qui,  nisi  paret,  imperat.1     2.  Si  beatam 
vitam  volumus'  adipisci,3  virtuti  opera  danda  est.     3. 
Thucydidis  orationes  ego  laudo  ;  imitari  neque  possimf 
si  velim*  nee  velim  fortasse,  si  possim.     4.  Non  possem  b 
vivere,  nisi  in  litteris  viverem.*     5.  Consilium,  ratio,  sen- 
tentia  nisi  essent  °  in  senibus,7  non  sumnmm  8  consilium  9 
majores  nostri  appellassent  '°  senatura. 

RULE  XLII.  —  Subjunctive  of  Concession.  —  515,  516. 

78,  LICET,  QUAMVIS,  ETC.  —  1.  Licet  ipsa  vitium11  sit 
ambitio,  frequenter  tamen  causa  virtutum  est.12  /  2.  Non 
est  magnus  pumilio,  licet  in  monte  constiterit.  \  £.  Quam- 
vis  se  '3  ipso  contentus  sit  sapiens,14  amicis  lb  iMi  opus  est. 
4.  Ego,  qui  sero  Graecas  litteras  attigissem,  tamen  com- 
plures  Athenis  10  dies  17  sum  commoratus. 


79.  ETSI,  TAMETSI,  ETIAMSI.-^-!.  Eloquentiae  18  stu- 
dendum  est,  etsi  ea10  quidam  perverse  dbutuntur.     2. 
Hoc,  etiamsi  nobilitatum  non  sit™  tamen  lionestum  est  ; 
etiamsi  a  nullo24  laudetur,  est  laudabile. 

EULE  XLIII.  —  Subjunctive  of  Cause.  —  517-520. 

80.  QUUM,  Qui.  —  518,  519.  —  1.  Quum  vita  sine  ami- 
cis metus  22  plena  sit,  ratio  ipsa  monet  amicitias  compa- 
rare.     2.  Quum  slut  in  nobis  consilium,  ratio,  prudentia, 


/  ' 

508. 

V 

373. 

16 

421. 

/  ' 

293. 

10 

510, 

1;  234. 

17 

378. 

3 

552. 

11 

362. 

18 

384. 

4 

509,  289. 

1? 

460, 

2. 

19 

419. 

6 

510. 

13 

419, 

IV. 

20 

460, 

2. 

6 

510;  463,11. 

14 

441. 

21 

149; 

414, 

5, 

1 

78,  5. 

JO 

419, 

3. 

22 

399, 

2,2). 

i 

163,  3. 

SYNTAX    OF    VERBS.  33 

necesse  est,  Deum  '  haec  ipsa  habere2  inajora.  3.  Qimm 
venissem 3  Athenas,4  sex  menses 5  cum  Antiocho,  nobilis- 
simo  6  philosopho/  fui.  4.  Caninius  fuit  mirifica  vigilan- 
tia,8  qui  sue  toto  consulatu9  somnnm  noil  viderit.™ 

81f  QUOD,  QUIA,  ETC. — 520. — 1.  Plato  escam11  malo- 
£rum  appellat  voluptatem,  quod  ea )2  homines  capiantur, 
velut  hamo  pisces.  2.  Nemo  unquam  est  oratorem,  quod 
Latme  loqueretur,  admiratus.  3.  Mater  irata  est,  quia 
non  redierim. 

KULE  XLIY. — Subjunctive  of  Time  with  Cause. — 521-523. 

82.  1.  Dum  reliquae  naves  convenirent,  ad  horam 
nonam  exspectavit.     2.  Quievere  1S  milites,  dum  praefec- 
tus  anna14  inspiceret*J  3.  Tragoedi  qnotidie,  antequam 
pronuntient,  vocem  sensim  excitant.     4.  Ante  15  videmus 
fulguratiunem,  quam  sonum  audiamus.      5.  Caesar  ad 
Pompeii  castra15  pervenit,  priusquam  Pompeius  sentlret" 

RULE  XLV. — Subjunctive  in  Indirect  Questions. — 525. 

83.  1.  INTescis,  quantas  vires  virtus  hdbeat.19    2.  No- 
men  tantum  virtutis  usurpas ;  quid  19  ipsa  valeat,  ignoras. 

3.  Lepidus  declaravit  quantum  hdberet  odium  servitutis.20 

4.  Caesar  equitatum  omnem  praemittit,  qui 2l  videant,23 
quas  in  partes  iterfaciant.     5.  Non  intelligunt  homines, 
quam  magnum  vectlgal 23  sit  parsirnonia."     6.  In  orato- 


1  545  ;  45,  6. 

9  426. 

17 

523, 

2. 

2  549.                              3 

°519. 

18 

525, 

2; 

480. 

3  518,  II.  1. 

'373. 

10 

380, 

2. 

4  379. 

2  414. 

20 

396, 

IT. 

*378. 

3  235. 

21 

445, 

5. 

8  162. 

4  131, 

1,4). 

S2 

500. 

T  363. 

5  523, 

2,2). 

23 

362. 

8  428. 

16  132; 

379,  4. 

24 

367. 

t>4  LATIN   READER. 

ribus  Graecis,  admirabile  est,  quantum  inter  omnes  unug 
excellat.  7.  Mihi  non  minor! J  curae 2  est,  quails  res  pub- 
lica  post  mortem  meam/^&ra  sit,  quam  qualis  hodie  sit. 

RULE  XL VI. — Subjunctive  ly  Attraction. — 527. 

84.  1.  Me  admones,  ut  me  integrum,  quoad possim, 
servem.3  2.  Quid  est,  cur  non  orator  de  rebus  iis  elo- 
quentissime  dicat,4  quas  cognorit.  3.  Jussit  ut,  quae 
venissent,  naves  Euboeam  peterent.3  4.  In  Hortensio 
memoria  fuit  tanta,  ut,  quae  secum  commentdtus  esset, 
ea  verbis 5  iisdem 6  redderet,7  quibus  cogitwvisset.  5.  Ke- 
cordatione *  nostrae  amicitiae  sic  fruor,  ut  beate  vixisse  * 
videar/  quia  cum  Scipione  vixerim.10 

EULE  XL VII. — Subjunctive  in  Indirect  Discourse. — 529. 

85,1.  Socrates  dicebat,11  omnes  12  in  eo,  quod  seirent, 
satis13  esse1*  eloquentes.  2.  Apud  Hypanim  1&  fluvium, 
Aristoteles  ait,16  bestiolas  quasdem  nasci,  quae  unum 
diem  vivant^TS.  Ariovistus  Caesari17  respondit:  quid 
sibi  vellet  ?  cur  in  suas  possessiones  veniret  f  jus  esse 
belli,  ut,  qui  vicissent,  iis,19  quos  vicissent,  quemadmo- 
dum  vellent,  imperdrent.  4.  Legationi  Ariovistus  respon- 
dit: si  quid  ipsi20  a  Caesare  opus  esset?1  sese  ad  eum 
venturum  fuisse;21  si  quid  ille  a  se  velit,  ilium  ad  se 
venire  "  oportere.  5.  Divico  ita  cum  Caesare  egit :  si 
pacem  popiilus  Eomanus  cum  Helvetusfaceret™  in  earn 


165. 

9  5495  4,  1). 

"  384. 

390. 

10  481,  I.  2. 

18  293. 

489. 

*    "  469,  II. 

10  385. 

525. 

12  545. 

20  452,  5. 

414. 

13  582. 

31  533,  2. 

186. 

14  530,  I. 

22  549,  2. 

4S9,  494. 

25  85,  III.  1. 

23  533,  3. 

419. 

M  297,  II.  1. 

SYNTAX   OF   VERBS,  ^^-      35 

partem  ituros l  Helvetios,2  ubi  eos  Caesar  esse  voluisset  y 3 
sin  bello  persequi  *  perseverdret^  reminisceretur  pristinae 
virtutis 5  Helvetiorum. 

IMPERATIVE — TENSES  AND  USE. 
EULE  XLVIIL — Imperative. — 535. 

86.  1.  Sperne  voluptates.  2.  Consullte  vobis,*  Pa- 
tres7  conscripti,  prospicite  patriae,  conservdte  vos,8  conju- 
ges,  liberos,  fortunasque  vestras  ;  popiili  Roman!  nomen 
salute  mque  defendite.  3.  Vive  mem  or  leti ; 9  fugit  hora. 
4.  Valetudinem  tuam  cur  a  diligenter.  5.  Virtutes  excita* 
si  forte  dormiunt.  ^jft.  Poemata  dulcia  sunto.™  1.  Lu- 
pins "  ne  12  audeto  13  placare  donisiram  deorum.  8.  Con- 
siiles  militiae  summum  jus  Jidbento^  nemmi  parento.  9. 
Noli  "  te  oblivisci 14  Ciceronem  esse.  10.  Cura  ut  quam 
primum  l5  venias.10. 


INFINITIVE — TENSES  AND  USE. 

Tenses  of  Infinitive.— 540-544. 

EULE  XLIX. — Subject  of  Infinitive. — 545. 

Predicate  after  Infinitive. — 546,  547. 

Infinitive  as  Subject. — 549. 

87.  1.  Virum  T)omim  esse,  semper  est  utile."  2.  Om- 
nibus bonis 18  expedit,  salvam  esse  rem  puWicam.  3.  A 
Deo  miindum  necesse  "  est  regi.  4.  Concedendum  est 19 


1  530,  I.  ;  545,  3  ;  295. 

8  448. 

14  538,  2. 

2  545. 

9  399,  2,  2). 

16  305,  6. 

3  533,  4 

10  537,  II. 

1(5  535,  1,  1). 

4  552. 

11  441. 

17  438,  3. 

8  406,  II. 

12  538,  1. 

18  441,  384. 

8  384. 

13  272,  3. 

10  301,  2. 

7  869, 

30  LATIN  HEADER. 

iri  virtute  sola  positam  csse  ledtam  viiam.  5.  Laelium 
doctum  fuisse  traditum  est.  6.  Lectltavisse '  Platonem 
studiuse  Demosthenes  dicitur.1  7.  Non  esse 2  cupidum 
pecurria3  est.  8.  Non  esse  cmdcem  vectlgal  est.  9.  Con* 
tentum  suis  rebus 4  esse  maximae 5  sunt  divitiae.V^  10.  Di* 
ligere  parentes r'  prima7  naturae  lex3  est.  11.  Lycurgi 
temporibus 8  Homerus  fuisse  dicitur.  12.  Imperare  sibi 
maximum  est  imperium.  13.  Parentes  suos  non  amdre* 
impietas  est.  14.  Constat  ad  salutem  civium  inventas 
csse  leges.  15.  Pecuniam  praeferre  °  amicitiae  10  sordidum 
est.  16.  Niliil  est  tam  angusti  anirni,"  quam  amdre  di- 
vitias.  17.  Ex  mails  eligere  minima  oportet. 

Infinitive  as  Object. — 550,  551. 

88.  1.  Ferre  laborem  consuetudo  doeet.  2.  Vincere 
Bcis,  Hannibal,19  victoria 13  uti  nescis.y  3.  Magister  tuus 
te  magna  mercede 14  nihil 15  sapere :6  docuit.Y-  4.  Xurn 
sum  vel  Graece  loqui,  vel  Latlne  docendus?  5.  Non 
omnes  sciunt  referre  i7  beneficium.  6.  A  Graecis i8  Galli 
urbes  moenibiis J0  cingere  didicerunt.  7.  Non  utilem  ar- 
bitror  esse  futurarum  rerum  scientiam.  8.  Concede  nihil 
esse  lonum,  nisi  quod  honestum  sit.20  9.  Nonne  poetae 
post  mortem  nobiiitdri  volunt  ?  10.  Syraeusas  maximam 
esse  Graeearwn  url)iwn^  omnium  audivistis.  11.  Socra- 
tes parens22  philosopliiae  jure23  did  potest.2*  12.  Nun- 
quam  putavi/b/1^23  ut  supplex  ad  te  venlrem.25  13.  Cato 
esse  quam  videri  bonus 22  malebat.25 


1  549,  4,1).  IOS86,  1. 

2  545,  2,  2).  "401. 

"  362.  12  369.  ai  M6,  2,  S), 

4  419,  IV.  "  419.  ^  547,  I. 

5  165.  "  416  /23  414. 
*  371.  I6  371,  3.  21  289. 
7  166.  J6  374,  4.  2&  544. 

6  426.  "  292,  2.  =s  293. 
9  292,  2.  *  425. 


SYNTAX   OF   VEKBS.  37 

Infinitive  in  Special  Constructions. — 553. 

89.  1.  Consilium  erat  continudre  *  bellum.     2.  Bene 
et  beate  vivere  est  honeste  et  recte  vivere.     3.  Postumio 
negotium  dabatur  videre?  ne  quid3  res  publica  detri- 
ment! 4  caperet.5    4.  Fuit  fama  Themistoclem  venenum 
sua  sponte8  sumpsisse.     5.  Me  non  cum  bonis  ease  ?  7     6. 
Tene  hoc,  Atti,8  dicer e,  tali  prudentia9  praeditum  ?     7. 
Adeone  hommem  infelwem  esse  quemquam^  nt  ego  sum ! 

SUBJECT  AND  OBJECT  CLAUSES. — 554-558. 

90.  SUBJECT  CLAUSES. — 555, 556. — 1.  Quaeritur,  quid 
faciendum  sit.10     2.  Yerum "  est  amicitiam  inter  bonos 
esse.     3.  Eeliquum  est,  ut  certernus  13  officiis 13  inter  nos. 
4.  Accedit  quod1*  patrem15  amo. 

91.  OBJECT  CLAUSES. — 557,  558. — 1.  "Non  dubito,  tu 
quid  responsurus  sis.10     2.  Eogavi  pervenissentne 1C  Agri- 
gentum.     3.  Sentimus  nivem  esse  albam ;    dulce,  mel. 
4.  Democritus  dicit  innumerabfles  esse  mundos.     5.  Me- 
mmi  gloriatum  esse  Hortensium,17  quod  nunquam  bello 18 
civlli  interfuisset.19 

GEHUKDS  AND  GERUNDIVES. — 559-566. 

92.  GEOTTIYE. — 563. — 1.  Sapientia  ars20  vivendi  pu- 
tanda  est.     2.  Caesar  loquendi  finem  facit.     3.  Mihi21 
discendi,  tibi  docendi  facultatem  otium  praebet.     4.  Le- 
gendi  semper  occasio  est,  audiendi,  non  semper.     5.  Epa- 


1  553,  I. 
2  553,  II. 
3  190,  1. 

"  45,  5,2). 
9  419,  HI. 
10  525. 

15  44^ 

16  526,  I. 
17  545. 

4  396,  2,  3). 
5  492. 

11  438,  3. 
12  495,  2. 

18  386. 
19  529. 

6  414,  2. 
7  558,  III. 

13  414. 
14  554,  IV. 

20  362. 
21  384,  II. 

38  LATIN   READER. 

A 

minondas  studiosus  erat  audiendi.r^  6.  Maxime2  sum 
cupidus  te3  audiendi.  7.  Demosthenes  Platonis  studio- 
sus audiendi  fuit.  8.  Multi  propter  gloriae  cupiditatem 
cupidi  sunt  fiellorum  gerendorum.  9.  Exercendae  memo- 
riae gratia,4  quid  quoque  die6  audierim,6  commemoro 
vespere. 

93.  DATIVE. — 564. — 1.  Crassus  disserendo'1  par  non 
erat.     2.  Solvendo*  civitates  non  erant.     3.  Numa  sacer- 
dotlfius*  creandis  animum  adjecit.     4.  Mons pecori  bonus 
alendo  erat.     5.  Consul  placandis  diis  dat  operam.     6. 
Sunt  nonnulli  acuendis  puerorum  ingeniis  non  inutiles 
lusus. 

94.  ACCUSATIVE. — 565. — 1.  Homo  ad  intelligendum" 
et  ad  agendum  est  natus.     2.  Breve  tempus  aetatis  satis 
longum  est  ad  bene11  vivendum.     3.  Bene  sentlre  r^cte- 
que  facere 12  satis  est  ad  bene  beateque  mvendwn.     4. 
Pythagoras    Laeedaemona13    ad    cognoscendas  Lycurgi 
leges  contendit.      5.  Ubii  iiaviurn  inagnam  copiam  ad 
tramportandum  exercitum  pollicebantur.      6.  Ca,tilina, 
nobilissimi  generis14  vir,  sed  ingenii  pravisslmi,  ad  delen- 
dampatriam  conjuravit  cum  audacissimis  viris. 

95.  ABLATIVE. — 566. — 1.  Nihil16   agenda™  homines 
male  agere  17  discunt.     2.  Lycurgi  leges  laboribus  erudi- 
unt  juventutem,  venando,  currendo,  algendo,  aestuando. 
3.  Omnis  loquendi  elegant ia  augetur  legendis  oratoribus™ 
et  poetis.     4.  Virtutes  cernuntur  in  agendo.     5.  Multa 19 
de  bene  beateque  vivendo  a  Platone  disputata  sunt. 


1  399,  2,  2). 

7  391,  1. 

13  379  ;  93,  1. 

3  805,  2;  165. 

8  384. 

14  396,  IV. 

8  371. 

9  384,  II. 

16  371. 

4  414,  2. 

10  433. 

16  414. 

6  426. 

11  559. 

1T  550.    % 

c  525  ;  234. 

12  549. 

18  441,  1. 

SYNTAX    OF    VERBS.  39 

SUPINE.-— -567-570. 

RULE  L. — Supine  in  u:\i. — 569. 

Supine  in  u. — 570. 

96,  1.  Lacedaemonii  Agesilaum  ficlldtum  misSrunt  in 
Asiam.      2.  Themistocles  Argos  l   habitdtum  eoncessit. 
3.  Hannibal  patriam 2  defensum  revocatus  est.     4.  Vei- 
entes  pacem  petltum  oratores  Eomam  mittunt.     5.  Quod 
optimum 3  factu  *  videbitur,  facies.     6.  Quid  est  tain  ju- 
cundum  cogmtu  atque  audltu,  quam  sapientibus  senten- 
fciis 6  ornata  oratio  ?    T.  Pleraque  dictu,  quam  re 8  sunt 
faciliora.7 

PARTICIPLES. — 571-581. 

97.  1.  Alexander  moriens 8  anniilum  dedit  Perdiccae. 
2.  Hippias  in  Marathonia  pugna  cecidit,  arma  contra  pa- 
triam ferens.9     3.  Apelles  pinxit  Alexandruni  Magnum 
fulmen  tenentem  in  templo  Ephesiae  Dianae.     4.  Sol 
occidens 10  noctem  conf icit.      5.  Terra  mutdta  "  non  mu- 
tat  mores.     6.  Dionysius  tyrannus,  Syracusis  12  expulsus, 
Corinthi 13    pueros   docebat.      7.  Hannibal  imperator " 
factus  omnes  gentes  Hispaniae  bello  subegit.     8.  Sacer- 
dos  vincta  in  eustodiam  datur.     9.  Eegibus  exactis,  con- 
siiles  creati  sunt.     10.  Perditis™  rebus  omnibus,  tamen 
ipsa  16  virtus  se  sustentare  "  potest.    11.  Athenienses,  non 
exspectdto™  auxilio,  in  proelium  egrediuntur.19    12.  Sperrie 


J379. 

8  578,  I. 

14  362,  3. 

2  371. 

9  292. 

15  578,  IV. 

3  165. 

10  578,  II. 

16  452. 

4  570,  429. 

11  580. 

17  552,  1. 

6  414. 

12  425. 

18  581. 

6  429. 

18  421,  II, 

19  221. 

7  163,  2. 

3 

40  LATIN    READER. 

voluptates  ;  nocet  empta  dolore  l  voluptas.  13.  Dilapsi 
sunt  in  oppida  moeiribus3  se  defensuri*  14.  Pueris 
sententias  ediscendas*  damns.  15.  Lentiiltis  attribuit 
urbem  inflammandam  Cassio,4  totam  Italiam  vastandam 
Catillnae. 


SYNTAX  OF  PAETICLES. 

RULE  LI. —  Use  of  Adverbs. — 582-585. 
CONJUNCTIONS,  587,  588. 

98,  ADVERBS. — 1.  Sapientis5  animus  semper  vacat 
vitio/  nunquam  turgescit;  nunquam  sapiens  irascitur. 
2.  Semper  in  proelio  iis 7  maximum 8  est  periciiliim  qui 9 
maxime  timent.     3.  Ut  secunda 10  moderate  tulimus/1  sic 
adversam  foYtim&mfortiter  ferre  debemns. 

99.  CONJUNCTIONS. — 1.  Horae  cedunt  et  dies  et  menses 
ei  anni.     2.  Neque  pecuniae  neque  tecta  magnif  ica  "  ne- 
que  opes  13  neque  imperia  neque  voluptates  in  bonis  rebus 
numeraiidae  sunt.     3.  Atticus  neque  mendacium  dicebat 
neque  pati  poterat.     4.  Yirtus  nee  eripi  nee  surripi  potest 
unquam ;    neque  naufragio14  neque  incendio   amittitur. 
5.  Aut  labores  aut  sumptus  suseipere  nolunt.15     6.  Est 
philosophi 16  habere  1T  non  vagam,  sed  certain  sententiam. 
7.  Jus  sua  sponte 18  est  expetendum  ;  ctenim  omnes  viri 
boni  jus  ipsum  amant. 


M16. 

7  887. 

13  133,  1. 

3  414. 

8  165. 

14  414,  4. 

3  578,  V. 

9  445. 

16  293. 

4  384,  II. 

w  441,  1. 

16  401. 

6  441. 

11  292. 

17  549. 

•  419,  III. 

18  164. 

*  414,  2. 

PAR  T    SEC  OND, 
LATIN    SELECTIONS. 


FABLES. 

NOTE. — It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Fables  and  Anecdotes, 
special  attention  should  be  given  to  Gender  and  to  the  Formation  of  Cases, 
especially  of  the  Genitive  Singular  of  the  Third  Declension. — 44,  47,  55- 
90,  99-115,  118,  120. 

The  Kid  and  the  Wolf. 

100.  Hoedus,  stans  *  in  tecto  domus,2  lupo 3  praeter- 
eunti  maledixit.     Cui  lupus,  "  Non  tu^  inquit,4  "sed 
tectum  mihi  maledicit" 

Saepe  locus6  et  tempus  homines6  timidos  audaces7 
reddit.8 

The  Oxen. 

101.  In  eodem  prato  pascebantur0  tres10  boves11  in 
maxima  concordia,  et  sic  ab  omni  ferarum  incursione ia 
tuti  erant.     Sed  dissidio  1S  inter  illos  orto,  singuli  a  feris  " 
petiti  et  laniati  stint. 

Fabiila  docet,  quantum  boni  sit lfi  in  concordia. 
- *  t 

1  438,  1.  6  61,  2.  '  72,  6 ;  89,  III. ;  90,  2- 

2  117,  1;  118,  1.  7373,  3.  a  100,3. 
8  384.                                  8  463,  I.                3  431. 

4  297,  II.  2.  °  468.  *  414,  5. 

8  -41.  10176.  5525. 


4-2  LATIN   READER. 

The  Woman  and  the  Hen. 

102.  Mulier  quaedam  liabebat  galllnam,  quae  ei1 
quotidie  ovum  pariebat  aureum.    Hinc  suspicari 2  coepit,3 
illam  auri  massam  intus  celare,  et  galllnam  occidit.     Sed 
nihil  in  ea  reperit,  nisi  quod  *  in  aliis  gallinis  reperlri 
solet.5    Itaque  dum  majoribus 8  divitiis7  inhiabat,  etiam 
minores  perdidit. 

The  Peasant  and  the  Mouse. 

103.  Mus8  a  rustico  deprehensus  tarn   acri  morsu 
ejus  digitos  vulneravit,  ut  ille  eum  dimitteret,9  dicens : 
"  Nihil,  mehercule,  tampusillum  est,  quodde  salute 10  des- 
perdre  debeat"  modo  se  defendere  velit.™ 

The  Fox  and  the  Grapes. 

104,  Yulpes  13  uvam  in  vite  conspicata  ad  illam  sub* 
siliit  omnium  virium  u  suarum  contentione,16  si  earn  forte 
attingere  posset.     Tandem  defatigata  inani  labore  disce- 
dens  dixit :  "  At  nunc  etiam  acerbae  sunt,  nee  eas  in  via 
repertas 16  tollerem"  " 

Haec  fabiila  docet,  multos  ea  contemnere,  quae  se 
assequi  posse  desperent.18 

The  Wolf  and  the  Crane. 

105,  In  f aucibus  lupi  os  inhaeserat.  Mercede 10  igitur 
eondiicit  gruem,20  qui  illud  extrahat.11     Hoc  grus  longi- 
tudine21  colli  facile  effecit.      Quum  autem  mercedem 


J  384,  II. 

8  73,  E.  1;  115,  1. 

15  414;  100,3. 

2  221  ;  652. 

°489;  494. 

K  578,  HI. 

8  297  ;  460,  2. 

10  73,  E.  2;  115,2. 

17  503  ;  503,  2. 

4  445,  6. 

11  500. 

18  500,  2. 

6  272,  3. 

12  505. 

19  416  ;  69,  1  ;  104, 

1. 

6  165  ;  153. 

13  36,  4  ;  109. 

20  73,  E.  4  ;  36,  2. 

'386. 

14  88,  3. 

21  61,  2  ;  100,  1. 

FABLES.  43 

postularet,1  subrldens  lupus  et  dentibus9  infrendens, 
"NumtiM"  inquit,  "  parva  merces3  mdetur,  quod  co- 
put  incolume  ex  lupi  faucibus  extraxisti  f  " 

The  Trumpeter. 

106.  Tubicen*  ab liostibus  eaptus,  "Ne*  me" inquit, 
"  interficite  /  nam  inermis  sum,  neque 6  quidquam  ha- 
leo  praeter  hanc  tulam"  At  hostes,  " Propter  hoo 
ipsum"  inquiunt,  4i  te  interimemus,  quod,  quum  ipse 
pugnandi r  sis  *  imperltus,  olios  ad  pugnam  incitdre 


Fabiila  docet,  non  solum  maleficos9  esse  puniendos, 
sed  etiam  eos,  qui  alios  ad  male  faciendum  10  irrltent.11 

The  Husbandman  and  his  Sons. 

107,  Agricola  senex,  quum  mortem12  sibi13  appro- 
pinquare  sentlret,14  filios  convocavit,  quos,15  ut  fieri 1<J  so- 
let,  interdum  discordare  noverat/7  et  fascem  virgularum 
aiFerri 18  jubet.     Quibus  allatis,  filios  hortatur,  ut  hunc 
fascem  frangerent.     Quod  19  quum  facere  non  possent, 
distribuit  singiilas  virgas,  iisque  celeriter  fractis,  docuit 
illos,  quam  firma  res30  es&et21  'concordia,  quamque  imbe- 
cillis  discordia. 

The  Mice. 

108.  Mures   aliquando  habugrunt   consilium,   quo- 
modo  sibi 2a  a  fele  caverent.     Multis  aliis "  propositis. 


1  518,  II. 

»441;  545. 

17  277. 

a76;  110,  I. 

10  559,  565. 

18  292,  2;  551. 

8  362. 

11  500,  2. 

19  453. 

4  35,  I.  ;  65. 

w  76,  110. 

20  362. 

6  538,  1. 

13  386. 

31  525. 

•  587,  I.  2. 

J4  518,  II. 

M  385,  3. 

7  563  ;  399. 

15  545. 

13  431. 

8  518,  I. 

15  294. 

4:4:  LATIN   HEADER. 

omnibus  placuit,  ut  ei l  tintinnabulum  annecteretur ; a  sic 
enim  ipsos3  sonitu  admomtos  eam  fugere  posse.  Sed 
quum  jam  inter  mures  quaereretur,4  qui  feli  tintinnabu- 
lum  annecteret,6  nemo  repertus  est. 

Fabiila  docet,  in  suadendo *  plurimos T  esse  audaces, 
sed  in  ipso  periculo  timidos. 

The  Enemies. 

109,  In  eadem  navi 8  vehebantur  duo,*  qui  inter  se 
capitalia  odia  exercebant.     Unus 9  eorum  in  prora,  alter 10 
in  'puppi "  residebat.     Orta  tempestate  ingenti,  quum 
omnes  de  vita  desperarent,  interrogat  is,  qui  in  puppi 
sedebat,  gubernatorem,  utram  ™  partem  ncwisprius  ^^5- 
mersum  iri  existimdret.     Cui  gubernator,  " Proram" 
respondit.     Turn  ille,  "  Jam  mars  mihi  non  molesta  est, 
quum  inimlci  mei  mortem  adspecturus  sim" l2 

The  Tortoise  and  the  Eagle. 

110,  Testudo  aquilam  magnopere  orabat,  ut  sese 
volare  doceret.13    Aqufla  ei  ostendebat  quidem,  eam  14 
rem 15  petere  naturae 16  suae  contrariam ;  sed  ilia  nihilo  " 
minus  instabat,  et  obsecrabat  aquilam,  ut  se  volflcrem 
facere  vellet.18     Itaque  ungulis  arreptam  aqufla  sustiilit 
in  sublime,  et  demisit  illam,  ut  per  aerem  ferretur.13  Turn 
in  saxa  incidens  comminuta  interiit." 

Haec  fabiila  docet,  multos  cupiditatibus  suis  occaeca- 
tos  consilia  prudentiorum  respuere,  et  in  exitium  ruere 
stultitia ao  sua. 


386. 

8  87,  HI.  1  ;  106. 

15  371. 

495,  2. 

9  176;  441. 

16  391. 

545. 

10  149. 

17  418. 

518,  II. 

11  87,  EL  ;  85,  3. 

18  293. 

525. 

12  517. 

19  295,  3. 

% 

566,  II. 

13  489. 

30  414,  2. 

1  165  ;  441. 

14  545. 

FABLES.  45 

The  Lion. 

111.  Societatem  junxerant l  leo,  juvenca, capra,  ovis. 
Praeda  autem,  quam  ceperant,  in  quattuor  partes  aequa- 
les  divisa,3  leo,  " Prima"  ait,3  " mea  est ;  debetur  enim 
haec  praestantiae  meae.  Tollam  et  secundam,  quam 
meretur 4  robur 6  meum.  Tertiam  vindfcat  sibi 6  egregius 
labor  meus.  Quartam  qui  sibi  arrogdre  voluerit,7  is 8 
sdatf  se hdbiturum me inimlcum sibi" 10  Quid facerent " 
imbecilles  bestiae,  aut  quae  sibi  leonem  infestum  habere 
vellet  ? " 


ANECDOTES. 

Anaxagoras. 

112.  Anaxagoram  ferunt,12  nuntiata8   morte  filii, 
dixisse :  " Sciebam  me  genuisse  mortalem" 1S 

Tholes. 

113.  Thales interrogatus, quidesset  u  Deus, "  Quod" 
inquit,  " initio 16  etjme  caret" 

114.  Thales  interrogatus,  quid  esset  difficile,18   "  Se 
ipsum"  inquit,  "nosse"  1T  Interrogatus,  quid  esset  facile : 
" Alterum"  inquit,  "admonere" 

115.  Thales  rogatus,  quid  maxime  commune  esset 
hominibus,18  "  Spes"  respondit,  "  Tianc  enim  et  itti  ha- 
ftent,  qui  aliud nihil" 

116.  Quum  Thales  interrogaretur,19  quid  esset  om- 
nium vetustissimum,  respondit :  "  Deus,  quod  nunquam 
esse  coepit" 20 


1  463,  II. 

8  451. 

K  419,  HI. 

3  431,  2,  (1). 

9  487. 

18  163,  2. 

3  297,  II. 

10  391. 

17  234,  2. 

4  221. 

"485;  486,11. 

18  391. 

6  66,  5  ;  114. 

13  292. 

19  518,  H. 

8  384,  II.  ;  449,  I. 

13  357,  I. 

90  297. 

T485. 

14  525. 

46  LATIN   EEADEK. 

Socrates. 

117.  Socrates,  in  pompa  quum  magna  vis  ami  ar- 
gentlque  ferretur,1  "  Quam  multa  non  desidero"  inquit. 

118.  Sapientissimus  Socrates  dicebat,2  scire  se 3  nihil, 
praeter  hoc  ipsum,  quod  nihil  sciret : 4  rel/iquos  hoc  etiam 
nesclre. 

Scipio  Africanus. 

119.  Scipio  Africanus  nunquam  ad  negotia  publica 
accedebat,  antequam  in  templo  Jovis 6  precatus  esset.8 

120.  Scipio  Africanus  Emm  poetae  imaginem7  in 
sepulcro  gentis  Corneliae  collocari  jussit,8  quod  Scipionum 
res  gestas  carminibus  suis  illustraverat.9 

Antigonus  and  the  Cynic. 

121.  Ab  Antigono  Cynicus  qnidam  petiit 10  talentum. 
Eespondit,11^^"  esse,  quam  quod™  Cynicus  petere  de- 
beret.*    Kepulsus  petiit  denarium.     Eespoudit  rex,  mi- 
nus" esse  quam  quod 13  regem  deceret  dare™ 

Cicero. 

122.  Cicero  Dolabellae 1&  dicenti,  se 16  triginta  annos 
habere,17     "  Verum  est"  inquit,    " nam  hoc  jam  write 
viyinti  annos  audlvi" 

The  Lacedaemonians. 

123.  Lacedaemonii,  Philippo  minitante18  per  litte- 
ras,  se  oinnia  quae  conarentur 19  prohibiturum,''0  quaesi- 
verunt,  num  se  esset 21  etiam  mori  proJiibiturus. 


1  518,  II. 

8  471,  II. 

16  384. 

2  469,  II. 

"472. 

16  545. 

3  545. 

10  234. 

17  551, 

I. 

4  531. 

11  460,  2. 

18  431, 

2,  (1). 

6  66,  3. 

12  165. 

J0  531. 

6  523,  II.  2. 

13  371  ;  445,  6. 

20  545, 

3. 

7  61,  2. 

14  549. 

21  525. 

ANECDOTES.  47 

124.  Leonidas,  Lacedaemoniorum  rex,  quum  Xerxes 
ccripsisset,1  " Mitte  arma ;"  respondit,  "  Veniet  cape" 

125.  Quum  ad  Leonidam  quidam  militum 2  dixisset,1 
"  Hostes  sunt  prope  nos;"  "  Et  nos"3  inquit,  " prope 


126.  E  Lacedaemoniis  *  unus,  quum  Perses  hostis  in 
fcolloquio  dixisset  *   glorians,   "  Solein 6  prae  jaculorum 
multitudine 6  et  sagittaruin  non  videbitis,"  "  In  umbra 
igitur"  inquit,  " pugnatiimus" 

127.  Lacedaemonius  quidam  quum  rideretur,1  quod 
claudus  in  pugnam  iret,7  "  At  mihi"  inquit,  " pugnaref 
nonfugere  est propositum" 

Solon. 

128.  Solon  quum  interrogaretur,1  cur  nullum  sup- 
plicium  constituisset 9  in  eum5  qui  parentem  necasset,10 
respondit,  se  id  neminem  facturum  "  putasse™ 

Theophrastus,  the  Philosopher. 

129.  Theophrastus    ad  quendam,  qui    in  convivio 
prorsus  silebat ;  "  Si  stultus  es"  inquit,  "  remfacis  sapi- 
entem ;  si  sapiens,  stultam" 

Theocritus,  the  Poet. 

130.  Miser  po£ta  praelegerat  Theocrito  13  versus  suos. 
Turn    interrogabat,14     quosnam    maxime    approbaret,9 
"  Quos 1B  omisisti"  respondit. 


1  518,  II.  8  61,  2 ;  100,  1.  »  545,  3. 

8  396,  III.  7  520,  II.  12  234. 

3  367,  3.  8  549.  13  386,  1. 

4  398,  4,  2).  9  525 ;  481,  II.  14  460,  2. 
1  64;  112,  E.  J0  500,  2;  234.  J5  445,  6. 


48  LATIN   READER. 

Cornelia. 

131.  Cornelia,  Gracchorum  mater,  quum  Campana 
matrona,  apud  illam  hospita,1  omamenta  sua  pulcher- 
rima,8  ipsi  ostenderet,3  traxit   earn   sermone,4   donee  e 
schola  redirent 5  liberi.     Turn,  "  Et  haec"  inquit,  "  mea 
sunt  ornamental 

Themistodes. 

132.  Memoriam  in  Themistocle  fuisse  singularem 
fernnt.     Itaque  quum  ei  Simonides  artem  memoriae  pol- 
liceretur,3  "  Ollivionis"  6  inquit,  " mallem / 7  nam  me- 
mmi  etiam,  quae*  nolo  /    dblivisci  non  possum,  quae 
volo." 

133.  Themistocles  quum  consuleretur,3  utrum  bono 
viro  pauperi,  an  minus  probato  diviti  filiam  collocaret,9 
"  Ego  vero"  inquit,  "  malo  virurn,  qui  pecunia  10  egeat" 
quam pecuniam,  quae  viro" 

134.  Themistocles  interroganti/2  utrum  Achilles13 
esse  mallet,14  an  Homerus,  respondit :  i;  Tu  vero  mal- 
lesne  15  te  in  Olympwo  certamme  victorem 16  remmtiari, 
G/iipraeco  13  esse,  qui  victorum  nomina " proddmat" 

Diogenes,  the  Cynic. 

135.  Diogenes  Cynicus  Myndum18  profectus,  quum 
videret 3  magnif  icas  10  portas  et  urbem  exiguam,  Myn- 
dios  monuit,  ut  portas  clauderent,20  ne  urbs  egrederetur.20 


363. 

8  445,  6. 

16  346,  II.  1,1); 

485. 

J 

163,  1. 

9  525  :  526,  II.  1. 

16  546. 

518,  II. 

J0  419,  III. 

"65;  113. 

414,  4. 

11  501,  I. 

18  379. 

295,  3  ;  522,  II. 

12  575  ;  384. 

19  164. 

397,  1,  (3). 

13  547,  1. 

20  489. 

485,  486,  3. 

14  525. 

ANECDOTES.  49 

Thrasylulus. 

136.  Quum  quidam  Tkrasybulo,  qui  civitatem  Athe- 
niensium  a  tyrannorum  dominatione  liberavit,  dixisset : l 
"  Quantas  tibi  gratias  Athenae  debent !  "  ille  respondit : 
"  Diifaciant?  ut  quantas  ipsepatriae  debeo  gratias,  tan- 
tas  ei  videar 3  retulisse" 

Xerxes. 

137.  Xerxes  refertus  donis4  fortunae,  non  equitatu/ 
non  pedestribus  copiis,  non  navium  nmltitudine,  non  in- 
finito  pondere 6  auri  contentus,  praemium  ei  proposuit, 
qui  invenisset 7  novam  voluptatem. 

Metellus  Pius. 

138.  Metellus  Pius,  in  Hispania  bellum  gerens 8  in- 
terrogatus,  quid  postero  die 9  facturus  esset  ? 10  "  Turn/warn, 
meam"  inquit,  "  si  id11  eloqui  posset^  coniburerem"  12 

Publius  Eutilius  En/us. 

139.  Publius  Eutilius  Rufus  quum  amici  eujusdam 
injustae  rogationi 1S  resisteret,1  atque  is  per  summam  u 
indignationem  dixisset,  "  Quid  ergo  mihi IB  opus  est  ami- 
citia  15  tua,  si,  quod 16  rogo,  non  facis  ? "     "  Immo"  in- 
quit,   "quid  mihi  tuay  si  propter  te  aliquid  injuste 
facturus  sum  ?  " 

Philip. 

140.  Mulier  quaedam  a  Philippo,  quum  a  convivio 


1  518,  II. 

7  500,  2. 

12  510,  1. 

2  487. 

8  578,  I. 

13  385. 

3  492,  1  ;  549,  4. 

9  426. 

14  163,  3. 

4  419,  HI. 

10  545. 

18  419,  3. 

8  419,  IV. 

11  371. 

16  445,  6. 

6  73,  1  ;  115. 

50  LATIN   HEADER. 

temulentus  recederet,1  damnata,  "  A  Pliilippo"  inquit, 
"  temulento  ad  Philippum  sobrium  provoco" 

Titus. 

141.  Titus  amor  et  deliciae  generis  human!  appella- 
tus  est.     Recordatus  quondam  super  coenam,  quod  nihil 
cuiquam  toto3   die3   praestitisset,4   memorabilem   illam 
meritoque    laudatam    vocem    edidit  :    "  Amid,    diem 
perd/idi" 

XenopJion. 

142.  Xenophon,   quum  solemne    sacrum    faceret,1 
filium  apud  Mantineam  in  proelio  cecidisse  5  cognovit. 
Coronam  deposuit,  sed,  ut  audlvit  fortissime  pugnantem 
interiisse,6  coronam  capiti  7  reposuit,  numina  testatus,  se8 
majorem  ex  virttzte  filii   voluptatem,  quam  ex  morte 
dolorem  sentlre. 


the  ETiodian. 

143.  Diagoras  Ehodius,  quum  tres  ejus  filii  in  ludis 
Olympicis  victores  renuntiati  essent/  tanto  affectus  est 
gaudio,9  ut  in  ipso  stadio,  inspectante  popiilo,10  in  filiorum 
manibus  "  animam  redderet.12 

Euripides,  tlie  Tragic  Poet. 

144,  Athenienses  quondam  ab  Euripide  postulabant, 
ut  ex  tragoedia    sententiam  quandam  tolleret.13      Ille 
autem  in  scenam  progressus  dixit,  se  fabiilas  componere 
solere,14  ut  popiilum  doceret/5  non  ut  a  popiilo  disceret. 


1  518,  n. 

6  295,  3. 

11  US,  1,  (1). 

a!49. 

7  384,  II. 

"  494. 

8  426. 

8  545. 

w  492,  3. 

4  554,  IV. 

9  414,  4. 

14  272,  3. 

•  6B1,  1. 

10  431;  431,  2,  (1). 

16  491. 

ANECDOTES.  51 

Tiberius,  the  Eoman  Emperor. 

145,  Tiberius  praesidibus1  onerandas  tribute a  pro- 
vincias 3  suadentibtis 4  rescripsit :   "  JBoni  pastoris 6  eat, 
tondere9  _pecns,  non  deglubere" 

146,  Tiberius,  Iliensium  legatis7  paulo8  serius'de 
jnorte  filii  Drusi  consolantibus,  irrldens,  se  guoque,  re- 
'spondit,  vicem10  eorum  dolere,  quodegregium  civemHec- 
tbrem  "  omisissent.™    Effluxerant  autem  turn  plus  quam 
mille  13  anni  a  morte  Hectoris. 

Simonides. 

147,  Quum  de  Simonide H  quaesivisset "  tyrannus 
Hiero,  quid  esset 16  Deus ;  deliberandi "  sibi  unum  diem 
postulavit.     Quum  idem 18  ex  eo  postridie  quaereret,16 
biduum  petivit.      Quum  saepius  duplicaret  numerum 
dierum,  admiransque  Hiero  requireret,  cur  it  a  faceret 10 ; 
"  Quia"  inquit,  " qucmto 19  diutius  considero,  tanto mihi 
res  videtur  obscurior" 


1  70,  2  ;  384. 

8  418. 

14  374,  3,  4). 

9  419,  2,  1). 

9  444,  1  &  4. 

16  518,  II. 

8  545. 

10  133,  1;  371,  3,  1). 

16  525. 

4  577. 

11  363. 

17  563. 

6  401. 

»  531. 

18  371. 

•549. 

18  178. 

19  418. 

'  431,  2,  (1). 

ROMAN    HISTORY. 

NOTE. — It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Roman  History,  special 
attention  should  be  given  to  the  /Synopsis  of  Conjugation  and  to  the  For- 
mation of  the  Parts  of  the  Ferk— -216-226 ;  240-242;  246-260. 

PERIOD  I. — ITALIAN  AND  ROMAN  KINGS. 

FROM   THE   EARLIEST  TIMES   TO  THE   BANISHMENT  OF   TARQDIN,    510   B.  C. 

Early  Italian  Kings. — Aeneas  in  Italy. 

148.  Antiquissirnis1  temporibus2  Saturnus  inltaliam 
venisse  dicitur.3     Ibi  hand  procul  a  Janiciilo  arcem  con- 
didit,  eamque  Saturniam4  appellavit.     Hie  Italos primus5 
agriculturam 6  docuit.7 

149.  Postea  Latmus  in  illis  regionibus  imperavit. 
Sub  hoc  rege  Troja  in  Asia  eversa  est.     Hinc  Aeneas, 
Anchlsae  filius,  cum  multis  Trojanis,   quibus8  ferrum 
Graecorum  pepercerat,9  aufugit,10  et  in  Italiam  perve- 
nit.10    Ibi  Latinus  rex  ei11  benigne  recepto  filiam  Lavi- 
niam  in  matrimonium  dedit.9     Aeneas  urbem  condidit, 
quam  in  honorem  conjiigis 12  Lavinium  appellavit. 

Ascanius  and  ike  Kings  of  Alba. 

150.  Post  Aeneae  mortem  Ascanius,  Aeneae  filius, 
regiium  accepit.      Hie  sedem  regni  in  alium  locum 


1  444,  1. 

6  442,  1. 

9  254. 

2  426. 

6  374. 

10  253. 

8  549,  4. 

7  247,  H. 

11  384,  II. 

4  373. 

8  385. 

12  81,  2. 

ROMAN   HISTORY.  53 

transtiilit,1  urbemque  condidit  in  monte 8  Albano,  earn- 
que  Albam  Longam  nuncupavit.  Eum  secutus  est3 
Silvius,  qui  post  Aeneae  mortem  a  Lavinia  genitus  erat. 
Ejus  poster!  omnes,  usque  ad  Komam  conditam,4  Albae 5 
regnaverunt. 

151.  Silvius  Procas,  rex  Albanorum,  duos  filios  rell- 
quit,6  Numitorem  et  Amulium.     Horum  minor T  natu,8 
Amulius,  fratri  optionem  dedit,  utrum  regnum  habere 
vellet,8  an  bona,10  quae  pater  reliquisset.11  -  Numitor  pa- 
tern  a  bona  praetiilit ; x  Amulius  regnum  obtinuit. 

Birili  of  Romulus  and  Remus. 

152.  Amulius,   ut    regnum  firmissime  possideret/3 
Numitoris  filium  per  insidias  interernit,13  et  filiam  fra- 
tris,  Eheam  Silviam,  Yestalem  virginem  fecit.13    Nam 
his  Yestae  sacerdotibus  non  licet  viro  14  nubere.     Sed 
haec  a  Marte  geminos  filios,  Komiilum  et  liemum,  pepe- 
rit.15      Hoc  quum  Amulius  comperisset,16  matrem  in 
vinciila    conjecit,    pueros    autem    in   Tiberim 17    abjici 
jussit.18 

153.  Forte  Tiberis  aqua  ultra  ripam  se  effuderat,6 
et,  quum  pueri  in  v ado  essent  positi,19  aqua  refluens20  eos 
in  sicco  reliquit.     Ad  eorum  yagltum  lupa  accurrit,21 
eosque  uberibus  suis  aluit.      Quod"  yidens  Faustulus 
quidam,  pastor  illlus  regionis,  pueros  sustiilit,1  et  uxori 
Accae  Laurentiae  nutriendos 3s  dedit. 


1  292,  2, 

9  525. 

17  85,  1. 

2  76;  110,  1. 

10  441,  1. 

18  269. 

3  282. 

11  527. 

19  518,  I. 

4  580. 

12  491. 

20  578,  II. 

6  421,  n. 

13  253,  1. 

31  254,  5. 

8  253,  2 

14  385,  2. 

22  453. 

T  165. 

15  254;  254,  2. 

23  578,  y. 

8  429 

16  518,  II. 

54:  LATIN   EEADEE. 

Rome  founded,  753  B.C. 

154.  Sic  Romulus  et  Remus  pueritiam  inter  pastores 
transegerunt.1     Quum  adolevissent,2   et  forte  comperis- 
sent,  quis  ipsorum  avus,  quae  mater  fuisset,3  Amulium 
interfecerunt,   et    Numitori   avo    regnum  restituerunt. 
Turn  urbem  condiderunt  in  morite  Aventmo,  quam  Ro- 
mulus a  suo  nomine  Eomam  vocavit.     Haec  quum  moe- 
nibus4  circumdaretur,2  Eemns  occisus  est?  dum  fratrem 
irrldens  moenia  transiliebat. 

Seizure  of  the  Sabine  Women. 

155.  Romulus,  ut  civium  numerum  augeret,5  asylum 
patefecit,6  ad  quod  multi  ex  civitatibus  suis  pulsi  accur- 
rerunt.      Sed  novae  urbis   civibus 7  conjuges  deerant. 
Itaque  festum  Neptuni  et  ludos  instituit.     Ad  hos  quum 
multi8  ex  finitimis  populis  cum  mulieribus  et  liberis 
venissent,2  Eomani  inter  ipsos  ludos  spectantes 9  virgines 
rapuerunt. 

156.  Popiili  illi,  quorum  virgmes  raptae  erant,  bel- 
lum  ad  versus  raptores  susceperunt.     Quum  Eomae 10  ap- 
propinquarent,2  forte  in  Tarpeiam  virginem  inciderunt, 
quae  in  arce  sacra  procurabat.     Hanc  rogabant,  ut  viam 
in  arcem  monstraret,11  eique  permiserunt,  ut  munus  sibi 
posceret.12    Ilia  petiit,  ut  sibi  darent,11  quod 18  in  sinistris 
manibus 14  gererent,15  anniilos  aureos  et  armillas  signif  i- 
cans.     At  hostes  in  arcem  ab  ea  perducti  scutis  Tarpeiam 
obruerunt ;  nam  et  ea  in  sinistris  manibus  gerebant. 

J253;  253,  1.  6  279.  "492,2. 

8  618,  H.  7  386,  2.  12  254,  280. 

3  525.  8  441,  1.  13  445,  6. 

4  131,  1;  414.  9578,  I.  "118,  1. 
6  269;   491.  10  386.  »  527. 


ROMAN   HISTORY.  55 

The  Sabines  are  received  into  the  City. — Death  of  Romulus. 

157.  Turn  Komiilus  cum  lioste,  qui  montem  Tarpe- 
ium   tenebat,  pugnam  conseruit  in  eo  loco,  ubi  nunc 
forum  Roman  um  est.     In  media1  caede  raptae 3  processe- 
runt,  et  hinc  patres,  hinc  conjiiges  et  soceros  complecte- 
bantur,  et  rogabant,  ut  caedis  finem  facerent.3      Utrique 
his  precibus  commoti  sunt.      Romulus  foedus  icit,  et  Sa- 
blnos  in  urbem  recepit. 

158.  Postea  civitatem  descripsit.4     Centum  senato- 
res  legit/  eosque  quum  ob  aetatem,  turn  ob  reverentiam 
iis  debitam,  Patres  appellavit.     Plebem  in  triginta  curias 
distribuit,  easque  raptarum  nominibus  nuncupavit.     An- 
no regni  tricesimo  septimo,  quum  exercitum  lustraret/ 
inter  tempestatem  ortam 7  repente  oculis 8  hominum  sub- 
ductus  est.     Hinc  alii9  eum  a  senatoribus  interfectum, 
alii  ad  deos  subla  turn 10  esse  existimaverunt. 

Numa  Pompilius. 

159.  Post  Eomuli  mortem  unius  anni  interregnum 
fuit.     Quo  elapso,11  Numa  Pompilius  Curibus,12  urbe  in 
agro  Sabinorum,  natus  rex  creatus  est.      Hie  vir  bellum 
quidem  nullum  gessit ;  nee  minus  tamen  civitati 8  profuit. 
Nam  et  leges  dedit,  et  sacra  plurima  instituit,  ut  popiili 
barbari   et  bellicosi  mores   molllret.13      Omnia  autem, 
quae  faciebat,  se  nymphae  Egeriae,  conjugis  suae,  mo- 
nitu  facere   dicebat.       Morbo   decessit,14   quadragesimo 
tertio  imperii  anno. 


1  441,  6. 

6  518,  II. 

11  431,  2. 

2  575. 

'577. 

18  421,  II. 

3  492,  2. 

8  386. 

13  491. 

4  248,  I.  3. 

9  459. 

14  248,  I.  2,  4. 

6  253. 

10  292,  2. 

56  LATIN   EEADEE. 

Tullus  Hostillus. 

160.  Numae1  successit  Tullus  Hostilius,  cujus  avus 
se  in  bello  adversus  Sabinos  fortem  et  strenuum  virum 
praestiterat.3    Rex 3  creatus  bellum  Albanis  indixit,  id- 
que  trigeminorum,  Horatiorum  et  Curiatiorum,  certa- 
pnme  finivit.     Albam  propter  perfidiam  Metii  Suffetii 
diruit.     Quum  triginta  duobus  annis 4  regnasset,6  fulmine 
ictus  cum  domo  sua  arsit.8 

Ancus  Marcius. 

161.  Post  hunc  Ancus  Marcius,  Nuniae  ex  filia  ne- 
pos,  suscepit  imperium.     Hie  vir  aequitate  et  religione 
avo 7  simflis.  Latinos  bello  domuit,8  urbem  ampliavit,  et 
nova  ei 9  moenia  circumdedit.     Carcerem  primus 10  aedi- 
ficavit.     Ad  Tiberis  ostia  urbem  condidit,  Ostiamque 
voc^vit.     Vicesimo  quarto  anno  imperii  morbo  obiit.11 

Lucius  Tarquinius  Priscus. 

162.  Deinde  regnum  Lucius  Tarquinius  Priscus  ac^ 
cepit?  Demarati  filius,  qui  tyrannos  patriae  Corinthi  fu- 
giens  in  Etruriam  venerat.     Ipse  Tarquinius,  qui  nomen 
ab  urbe  Tarquiniis  accepit,  aliquando  Uomam  12  profec- 
tus13  erat. 

163.  Quum   Eomae14   commoraretur,5    Anci  regis 
familiaritatem  consecutus  est,  qui  eum  filiorum  suorum 
tutorem 15  reliquit.     Sed  is  pupillis l  regnum  intercepit. 
Senatoribus,  quos  Romulus  creaverat,  centum  alios  ad- 


1  886. 

6  269. 

11  295,  3. 

2  264,  2. 

7  391. 

12  379. 

3  362,  3. 

8  252. 

13  282. 

4  378,  1. 

9  384,  II.  1. 

14  421,  II. 

8  618,  II. 

10  442,  1. 

25  373. 

ROMAN   HISTORY.  57 

didit,  qui  minorum  gentium  sunt  appelliiti.  Plura  bella 
feliciter  gessit,  nee  paucos  agros,  hostibus1  ademptos, 
urbis  territorio  adjunxit.  Primus2  triumplians  urbem 
intravit.  Cloacas  fecit;3  Capitoliuni  inchoavit.  Tri- 
cesimo  octavo  imperii  anno  per  Anci  filios,4  quibus 5  reg- 
nuin  eripuerat,  occisus  est. 

Servius  Tullius. 

164.  Post  Imnc  Servius  Tullius  suscepit  imperium, 
genitus    ex    nobili   femina,   captiva  tamen   et  famula. 
Quum  adolevisset,8  rex  ei  filiam  in  matrimonium  dedit. 

165.  Quum  Priscus  Tarquinius  occisus  esset,  Tana- 
quil  de  superiore 7  parte  domus  populum  allocuta  est, 
dicens :  regem  grave  quidem,  sed  non  letdle  vulnus  ac- 
cepisse ;  ewn peter e^  ut  populus,  dum  convaluisset*  Ser- 
vio  Tullio  obediret?     Sic  Servius  regnare  coepit,   sed 
bene     imperium     administravit.      Montes     tres     urbi 
adjunxit.1*     Primus  omnium  censum  ordinavit.     Sub  eo 
Horn  a  habuit  octoginta  tria  millia  civium  cum  his,  qui 
in  agris  erant. 

166.  Hie  rex  interfectus  est  scelere  filiae  Tulliae  et 
Tarquinii  Superbi,  filii  ejus  regis,  cui '  Servius  successe- 
rat.    Nam  ab  ipso  Tarquinio  interfectus  est.     Tullia  in 
forum  properavit,  et  prima  conjugem  regem  salutavit. 
Quum  domum  "  rediret,  aurlgam  super  patris  corpus,  in 
via  jacens,12  carpentum  agere  jussit. 

Banishment  of  Tarquinius  Superbus,  510  B.  O. 

167.  Tarquinius  Superbus  cognomen  moribus13  me- 
ruit.     Bello l4  tamen  strenuus  plures  finitimorum  popu- 


J386. 

518,  II. 

11  379,  3. 

2  442,  1. 

163,  3. 

"577. 

3  253,  1. 

533,  4. 

18  414,  4. 

4  414,  5,  1). 

492,  2. 

14  429. 

6  .386,  2.                         J 

248,  L  1. 

58  LATIN   READER. 

lorum  vicit.1  Templum  Jovis  in  Capitolio  aedificavit* 
Postea,  dum  Ardeam  oppugnabat,9  urbem  Latii,  impe- 
rium  perdidit. 

168.  Lucius  Brutus,  Collatmus,  alilque  nonnulli  in 
exitium  regis  conjurarunt,3  populoque  persuaserunt,4  ut 
ei  portas  urbis  clauderet.5  Exercitus  quoque,  qui  civita- 
tem  Ardeam  cum  rege  oppugnabat,  eum  rellquit.  Fugit 
itaque  cum  uxore  et  liberis  suis.  Ita  Romae  septem  re- 
ges  regnaverunt  annos  ducentos  quadraginta  quattuor. 


PERIOD  II. — ROMAN  STRUGGLES  AND  CONQUESTS. 

/ROM   THE   ESTABLISHMENT   OF   THE   COMMONWEALTH   TO   THE   FIRST  PUNIC  WAR, 

264  B.  C. 


Consuls  at  Rome,  509  E.  O. —  War  with  Tarquin. 

169.  Tarquinio  expulso,8  consules  coepere7  pro  uno 
rege  duo  creari,  ut,  si  unus  malus  esset,8  alter  eum  coer- 
ceret.9  Annuum  iis  imperium  tributum  est,  ne  per 
diuturnitatem  potestatis  insolentiores  redderentur.9  Fue- 
runt  igitur  anno  primo,  expulsis  regibus,  consiiles  Lucius 
Junius  Brutus,  acerrimus 10  libertatis  vindex,  et  Tarqui- 
nius  Collatmus.  Sed  Collatino11  paulo  post  digmtas 
sublata  est.12  Placuerat  enim,  ne  quis  ex  Tarquiniorum 
familia  Eomae  maneret.13  Ergo  cum  omni  patrimonio 
fiuo  ex  urbe  migravit,  et  in  ejus  locum  Valerius  Publi- 
cola  consul  factus  est.1* 


1  253,  2. 

8  431,  2. 

11  386. 

•468. 

7  235,  297. 

12  292,  2. 

3  234. 

8  509. 

18  492. 

4  252. 

°491. 

14  294. 

6  492,  2, 

10  163,  1. 

KOMAN   HISTORY.  59 

170,  Commovit1  bellum  urbi  rex  Tarquinius.     In 
prima  pugna  Brutus  consul,  et  Aruns,  Tarquinii  films, 
sese  invicena  occiderunt.     Romani  tamen  ex  ea  pugna 
victores  recesserunt.3     Brutum  Romanae  matronae,  quasi 
communem  patrem,   per   annum  luxerunt.1      Valerius 
Publicola   Spurium  Lucretium,   collegam3   sibi4  fecit; 
quum  morbo  exstinctus  esset,5  Publicola  Horatium  Pul- 
vilmm  sibi  collegam  sumpsit.8     Ita  primus  annus  quin- 
que  consules  habuit. 

War  with  Porscna,  508  B.  C. 

171,  Secundo  quoque  anno  iterum  Tarquinius  bel- 
lum Komanis  intiilit,7  Porsena,  rege.  Etruscorum,  auxi- 
lium  ei  ferente.8     In  illo  bello  Horatius  Codes  solus 
pontem  ligneum  defendit,  et  hostes  cohibuit,  donee  pons9 
a  tergo  ruptus  esset.10     Turn  se  cum  armis  in  Tiberim  n 
conjecit,  et  ad  suos  transnavit. 

172,  Dum  Porsena  urbem  obsidebat,  Quintus  Mu- 
cius  Scaevola,  juvenis  fortis  animi,  in  castra  hostium  se 
contulit  eo  consilio,12  ut  regem  occideret.13     At  ibi  scri- 
bain  regis  pro  ipso  rege  interfecit.     Turn  a  regiis  satel- 
litibus    comprehensus    et    ad    regem    deductus,   quum 
Porsena  eum  ignibus  allatis14  terreret,15  dextram  arae 
accensae  imposuit,   donee    flammis    consumpta  esset.10 
Hoc  facinus  rex  miratus  juvenem  dimisit 16  incoluniem. 
Turn  hic?  quasi  beneficium  referens,  ait,17  trecentos  alios 

in  eum  conjurasse.19    Hac  re  territus  Porsena 


1  252,  3. 

7  292,  2. 

13  492. 

2  248,  I.  2. 

8  431,  2. 

14  580. 

8  373. 

9  110,  1. 

15  518,  II. 

4  384. 

10  522,  IT. 

16  248,  1.  2. 

6  618,  II.;  273,11.  1. 

11  85,  1. 

17  297,  II. 

6  248,  I.  4. 

12  414,  2. 

18  234. 

60  LATIN   READER. 

pacem  cum  Eomanis  fecit,  Tarquinius  autem  Tusciilum1 
se  contiilit,  ibique  privatus  consenuit.2 

Secession  to  the  Mons  Sacer^  494  B.  C. 

173.  Sexto  decimo  anno  post  reges  exactos,3  populus 
Romae  seditionem  fecit,  questus  quod  tributis  et  militia 
a  senatu  exhauriretur.4     Magna  pars  plebis  nrbem  reli- 
quit,  et  in  montem  trans  Anienem6  anmem6  secessit. 
Turn  patres  turbati  Menenium  Agrippam  miserunt  ad 
plebem,  qui  earn  senatui  conciliaret.7     Hie  iis  inter  alia 
fabiilam  narravit  de  ventre  et  membris  human!  corporis ; 
qua  popiilus  commotus  est,  nt  in  urbem  redlret.8     Turn 
prinium  tribuni  plebis  creati  sunt,  qni  plebem  adversum 
nobilitatis  superbiam  defenderent.7 

Banishment  of  Coriolanus,  491  B.  C. 

1 74.  Undevicesimo  anno  post  exactos  reges,  Cains 
Marcius,  Coriolanus  dictus  ab  urbe  Yolscorum  Coriolis, 
quam  bello  ceperat,  plebi  invlsus  °  fieri  coepit.     Quare 
urbe  10  expulsus  ad  Volscos,  acemmos  Eomanorum  hos- 
tes,  contendit,  et  ab  iis  dux "  exercitus  factus  Eomanos 
saepe  vicit.     Jam  usque  ad  quintum  milliarium  urbis 
accesserat,  nee  nllis  civium  suornm  legationibus  flecti 
poterat,  ut  patriae 12  parceret.8     Denique  Veturia  mater 
et  Volumnia  nxor  ex  urbe  ad  eum  venerunt ; 1S  quarum 
fletu  et  precibus  commotus  est,  ut  exercituni  removeret.0 
Quo  facto 14  a  Yolscis  ut  proditor  occlsus 9  esse  dicitur. 


379. 

6  106,  1. 

11  362,  3. 

281,  I.  1. 

7  500. 

12  385. 

580. 

8  494. 

n  4G3,  II. 

520,  II. 

9  547,  1. 

14  431,  2,  (3). 

61,  4. 

10  425. 

ROMAN   HISTOEY.  61 


The  Fabii  cut  off  at  the  Cremera,  477  B.  C. 

175,  Eomani  quum  adversum  Yeientes  bellum  ge- 
rerent,1  familia  Fabiorum  sola2    hoc  bellum  suscepit. 
Profecti  *  sunt  trecenti  sex  nobilissimi  homines,  duce 4 
Fabio  consiile.5      Quum  saepe  hostes  yicissent,1   apud 
Cremeram  fluvium  castra  posuerunt.     Ibi,  quum  Yeien- 
tes dolo fl  usi  eos  in  insidias  pellexissent,  in  proelio  exorto 7 
omnes  perierunt.     Unus  superfuit  ex  tanta  familia,  qui 
propter  aetatem  pnerllem  duci  non  potuerat  ad  pugnam. 
Hie  genus  propagavit  ad  Quintum  Fabium  Maximum 
ilium,  qui  Hannibalem  prudenti  cunctatione  debilitavit. 

Rome  taken  ly  the  Gauls,  390  B.  C. 

176,  Galli  Senones  ad  urbem  venerunt,  Eomanos 
apud  flumen  Alliam  vicerunt,  et  urbem  etiam  occupa- 
runt.     Jam  nihil  praeter  Capitolium  defendi  potuit.     Et 
jam  praesidium  fame  8  laborabat,  et  in  eo  erant,  ut  pa- 
cem  a  Gallis  auro 9  emerent,10  quum  Carnillus  cum  manu 
militum  superveniens  hostes  magno  proelio  superavit. 

Valor  of  Titus  Manlius  Torquatus,  361  J5.  C. 

177,  Anno  trecentesimo  nonagesimo  tertio  post  ur- 
bem conditam  Galli  iterum  ad  urbem  accesserant,  et 
quarto  milliario  "  trans  Anienem  fluvium  consederant. 
Contra  eos  missus  est  Titus  Quinctius.     Ibi  Gallus  qui- 
dam  eximia  corporis  magnitudine 12  fortissimum  Komano- 
ruin  ad  certamen  singulare  provocavit.     Titus  Manlius, 


1  618,  II.  6  363.  '  416. 

2  149.  6  419, 1.  10  494. 

3  282.  T  577.  »  422,  1,  2). 

4  430,  431.  s  414,  2.  Ia  428. 


62  LATIN   READER, 

nobilissimus  juvenis,  provocationem  accepit,  Gallum 
occldit,  eumque  torque 1  aureo  spoli&vit,  quo  ornatus 
erat.  Hinc  et  ipse  et  posteri  ejus  Torquati  appellati 
sunt.  Galli  fugam  capessiverunt.2 

Beginning  of  Samnite  Wars,  843  B.  C. 

178.  Postea  Roinani  bellum  gesserunt3  cum  Samni- 
tibus,  ad  quod  Lucius  Papirius  Cursor  cum  honore  dic- 
tatoris  profectus  est.     Qui  *  quum  negotii  cujusdam  causa 
Romam  rediret,6  praecepit  Quinto  Fabio  Rulliano,  ma- 
gistro  equitum,  quern  apud  exercitum  reliquit,  ne  pug- 
nam  cum  hoste  committeret.6      Sed    ille  occasionem 
nactus7   felicissime  dimicavit,   Sammtes    delevit.      Ob 
hanc  rem  a  dictatore  capitis 8  damnatus  est.     At  ille  in 
urbem  confugit,9  et  ingenti  favore 10  militum  et  populi 
liberatus  est;     in  Papirium  autem  tanta  exorta11   est 
seditio,  ut  paene  ipse  interficeretur.12 

The  Roman  Army  is  made  to  pass  under  the  yolce,  321  B.  G.—  Tlie 
Samnites  are  conquered,  290  B.  C. 

179,  Duobus  annis13  post  Titus  Yeturius  et  Spurius 
Postumius  consules  bellum  adversum  Sammtes  gerebant. 
Hi  a  Pontio  Thelesino,  duce  hostium,  in  insidias  inducti 
sunt.     Nam  ad  Furculas  Caudinas  Romanos  pellexit u  in 
angustias,  unde  sese  expedlre  non  poterant.     Ibi  Pontius 
patrem  suum  Herennium  rogavit,  quid  faciendum 15  pu- 
taret.10     Ille  respondit,  aut  omnes  occidendos  esse,  ut 

1  419,  2,  1).  "*  282.  w  494. 

3  332,  I.  2).  8  410,  2.  13  418. 

8  248,  I.  5.  °  253.  "  273,  I.  2. 

4  453.  10  414,  4.  15  545,  3. 

5  518,  II.  "286,  2.  16S74,  4;  525. 

6  492,  2, 


ROMAN    HISTORY.  63 

JSamunorum  vires  f ranger  entur*  aut  omnes  dimittendos, 
ut  T)eneficio  obligarentur.  Pontius  utrumque a  consilium 
improbavit,  omnesque  sub  jugum  misit.  Samnites 
denique  post  bellum  undequinquaginta  annorum  supe- 
rati  sunt. 

War  with  Pyrrhus,  281  B.  C. 

180.  Devictis  Samnitibus,3  Tarentmis  bellum  indic- 
tum  est,  quia  legatis  Romanorum  injuriam  fecissent.4 
Hi  Pyrrhum,  Epiri  regem,  contra  Romanos  auxilium 
poposcerunt.5     Is  mox  in  Italiam  venit,  tumque  primum 
Eomani  cum  transmarlno  hoste  pugnaverunt.     Missus 
est  contra  eum  consul  Publius  Valerius  Laevmus.     Hie, 
quum  exploratores  Pyn*lii  cepisset,6  jussit  eos  per  castra 
duci,  tumque  dimitti,  ut  renuntiarent '  Pyrrho,  quaecun- 
oue 7  a  Romania  agerentur.8 

181.  Pugna  commissa,8  Pyrrhus  auxilio  elephanto- 
rum  vicit.     Nox  proelio  finem  dedit.     Laevmus  tamen 
per  noctem  fugit.     Pyrrhus  Romanos  mille  octingentos 
cepit,  eosque  summo9   honore10  tractavit.     Quum  eos, 
qui  in  proelio  interfecti  erant,  onines  adversis  vulnenbus 
et  truci  vultu  etiam  mortuos  jacere  videret,6  tulisse  ad 
coelum  manus  dicitur  cum  hac  voce :  "  Ego  cum  talibus 
viris ll  firevi  orbem™  terrdrum  vubigerem" ll 

182.  Postea  Pyrrhus  Romam  perrexit ;  omnia  ferro 
igneque  vastavit ;  Campaniam  depopulatus  est,  atque  ad 
Praeneste13  venit,  milliario14   ab  urbe  octavo  decimo. 
Mox  terrore  exercitus,16  qui  cum  consiile  sequebatur,  in 
Campaniam  se  recepit.      Legati  ad  Pyrrhum  de  captlvis 


M91. 

6  518,  II. 

"503,2,2); 

510. 

2  149,  4. 

7  445,  6. 

18  106,  2. 

3  431,  2,  (1). 

9  527. 

13  879,  1. 

4  620,  II. 

9  ica,  8. 

14  422,  1. 

•  254  ;  280. 
4 

?  414,  3. 

15  896,  II. 

04  LATIN    READER. 

redimendis1  missi2  honorifice  ab  eo  suscepti  sunt ;  capti- 
ves sine  pretio  reddidit.  Unum  ex  legatis,  Fabricium, 
sic  admirutus  est,  ut  ei  quartam  partem  regni  sui  pro- 
mitteret,3  si  ad  se  translret;4  sed  aFabricio  con  tempt  us ft 

est. 

183,  Quum  jam  Pyrrhus  ingenti  Eomanorum  admi- 
ratione  teneretur,6  legatum  misit  Cineam,  praestantissi- 
inum  virum,  qui    pacem    peteret7    ea  conditione,   ut 
Pyrrhus  earn  partem  Italiae,  quam  armis  occupaverat, 
retineret.8    Eomani  responderunt,   eum  cum  Eomanis 
pacem  habere  non  posse,  nisi  ex  Italia  recessisset.9  Cineas 
quum   rediisset,  Pyrrho   eum  interroganti,  qualis  ipsi 
Eoma  visa  esset, 10  respondit,  se  regum pafoiam  vidisse." 

184,  In  altero  proelio  Pyrrhus  vulneratus  est,  ele- 
phanti   interfecti,   viginti    millia    hostium   caesa  sunt. 
Pyrrhus   Tarentum  fugit.     Interjecto  anno,   Fabricius 
contra  eum  missus  est.     Ad  liunc  medicus  Pyrrhi  nocte 
venit  promittens,   se  Pyrrhum  veneno  occisurum,13   si 
munus  sibi  daretur.4     Ilunc  Fabricius  vinctum  reduci 
jussit  ad  dominum.     Tune  rex  admiratus  ilium  dixisse 
fertur  :  "  Itte  est  Fdbricius,  qui  difficilius  ab  honestdte, 
quam  sol  a  cursu  suo  averti  poiest"    Paulo  post  Pyr- 
rhus, tertio  etiam  proelio  fusus,13  a  Tarento  recessit. 


1  566,  II.  ;  580. 

6  518,  II. 

10  525. 

2  577. 

7  500,  1. 

J1  542,  1. 

3  494. 

8  495,  3. 

12  545,  3. 

4  509. 

8  533,  4. 

15  279. 

6  275,  1. 

ROMAN    HISTORY.  65 


PERIOD  III. — ROMAN  TRIUMPHS. 

FROM   THE   FIRST   PUNIC  WAR  TO   THE   CONQUEST   OF   GREECE,   146  B.  C. 

First  Punic  War,  264  B.  C. 

185.  Anno  quadringentesimo  nonagesimo  post  urbem 
conditam  Eomanoruna  exercitus  prinmm  in  Sieiliam  tra- 
jecerunt,1  regemque  Syracusarum  Hieronem,  Poenosque, 
qui  multas  civitates  in  ea  insiila  occupaverant,  superave- 
runt.  Quinto  anno  hujus  belli,  quod  contra  Poenos 
gerebatur,  primum  Eomani,  Caio  Duillio,  Cnaeo  Cor- 
nelio  Asma  consulibus,2  mari3  dimicaverunt.  Duillius 
Carthaginienses  vicit,4  triginta  naves  occnpavit,  quattu- 
ordecim  mersit,5  septem  millia  hostium  cepit,  tria  millia 
occldit.  Nulla  victoria  Eomanis  gratior  fuit. 

First  Punic  War.  continued. — Invasion  of  Africa,  256  B.  0. 

.  186.  Paucis  annis  interjectis,  bellnm  in  Africara 
est  translatum.  Hamilcar,  Cartliaginiensiurn  dux,  pug- 
na  navali  superatus  est ;  nam,  perdftis  sexaginta  quattuor 
navibus,  se  recepit ;  Eomani  viginti  duas  amiserunt. 
Quum  in  Africam  venissent,6  Poenos  in  pluribus 7  proe- 
liis  vicerunt,  magnam  vim 8  liommuni  ceperunt,  septua- 
ginta  quattuor  civitates  in  fidem  acceperunt.  Turn  victi 
Carthaginienses  pacem  a  Eomanis  petierunt.9  Quam  10 
quum  Marcus  Atilius  Eegulus,  Eomanorum  dux,  dare 
nollet J1  nisi  durissimis  conditionibus,  Carthaginienses 
auxilium  petierunt  a  Lacedaemoniis.  Hi  Xanthippum 


1  461,  1  ;  260,  2,  1).     6  248,  I.  1,  foot-note.        9  252,  4 ;  234. 
a431.  6  518,  II.  10  453. 

8  422,  1.  '  165,  1. 

4  253,  2:  e  85,  2. 


06  LATIN   READER. 

miserunt,  qui  Romanum  exercitum  magno  proelio  vicit. 
Regiilus  ipse  captus  et  in  viriciila  conjectus  est. 

187.  ]STon  tamen  ubique  fortuna  Cartliaginiensibus 
favit.1  Quum  aliquot  proeliis  victi  essent,2  Regulum  ro- 
gaverunt,  ut  Romam  profieisceretur,3  et  pacem  captivo- 
rumque  permutationem  a  Romanis  impetraret.  Ille 
quum  Ronaam  venisset,  inductus  in  senatum  dixit,  se 
desiisse 4  Homdnum  esse  ex  ilia  die^qiia*  inpotestdtem 
Poenorum  venisset.0  Turn  Romanis  suasit,7  ne  pacem 
cum  Cartliaginiensibus  facerent : 8  illos  enim  tot  casibus 
fractos  spem  nullam  nisi  in  pace  hdbere : 9  tanti 10  non 
esse,  ut  tot  millia  captivorum  propter  se  imum  etpaucos, 
qui  ex  Romanis  capti  essent f  redder entur.11  Haec  sen- 
tentia  obtinuit.  Eegressus  igitur  in  Africam  crudelissi- 
mis  suppliciis  exstinctus  est.12 

End  of  the  First  Punic  War,  241  B.  C. 

138.  Tandem,  Caio  Lu.atio  Catulo,  Aulo  Postuinio 
consulibus,  anno  belli  Punici  vicesirno  tertio  magnum 
proelium  navale  commissum  est  contra  Lilybaeum,  pro- 
montorium  Siciliae.  In  eo  proelio  septuaginta  tres 
Carthaginiensium  naves  captae,  centum  viginti  quinque 
demersae,13  triginta  duo  millia  hostium  capta,  tredecim 
millia  occlsa  sunt.  Statim  Carthaginienses  pacem  peti- 
erunt,  eisque  pax  tributa  u  est.  Captivi  Eomanorum, 
qui  tenebantur  a  Cartliaginiensibus,  redditi  sunt.  Poeni 
Sicilia,15  Sardinia,  et  ceteris  insiilis,  quae  inter  Italiam 
Africamque  jacent,  decesserunt,  omnemque  Hispaniam, 
quae  citra  Iberum  est,  Romanis  permiserunt. 

J  270.  6  531.  "  495,  2. 

51  518,  II.  7  269.  J2  275,  1. 

3  492,  2 ;  374,  4.  e  492,  2.  l3  273,  III.  mergo. 

4  234.  '  530,  1.  "  273,  II. 
6  426.  w  402,  1.  i5  434,  1. 


KOMAN   HISTORY.  67 

Siege  of  Saguntum. — The  Second  Punic  War,  218  B.  C. 

189..  Paulo1  post  Punicum  bellum  renovatum  est 
per  Hannibalem,  Carthaginiensium  ducem,  quern  pater2 
Ilamilcar  novem  annos3  natum  aris*  admoverat,  ut 
odium  perenne  in  Romanos  juraret.5  Hie  annum  agens 
vicesimum  aetatis  Saguntum,  Hispaniae  civitatem,  Ro- 
manis8  amicam,  oppugnare  aggressus  est.7  Huic  Romani 
per  legatos  denuntiaverunt,  ut  bello8  abstineret.9  Qui 
quum  legatos  admittere  nollet,'0  Romani  Carthaginern 
miserunt,  ut  mandaretur5  Hannibali,  ne  bellum  contra 
socios  popiili  Romani  gereret.11  Dura  responsa  a  Car- 
thaginiensibus  reddita.  Saguntmis  interea  fame  victis, 
Romani  Carthaginiensibus  bellum  indixerunt. 

Hannilal  crosses  the  Alps,  218  B.  C. — Battles  of  the  Ticlnus,  Tre- 
bia,  and  Lake  Trasimenus. — Battle  of  Cannae,  216  B.  C. 

190.  Hannibal,  fratre  Hasdrubale  in  Hispania  re- 
licto,33  Pyrenaeum  et  Alpes  transiit.  Traditur  in  Italiam 
octoginta  millia  peditum,  et  viginti  millia  equitum,  sep- 
tem  et  triginta  elephantos  abduxisse.  Interea  multi  Li- 
giires  et  Galli  Hannibali  se  conjunxerunt.  Primus13  ei 
occurrit  Publius  Cornelius  Scipio,  qui,  proelio  ad  Tici- 
num  cornmisso,  superatus  est,  et,  vulnere  accepto,12  in 
castra  rediit.  Turn  Sempronius  Gracchus  conflixit  ad 
Trebiam  arnnem.  Is  quoque  vincitur.14  Multi  populi 
se  Hannibali  dediderunt.  Inde  in  Etruriam  progressus 
Flaminium  consulem  ad  Trasimenum  lacum  superat.1* 

1 418.  6  391.  "  492. 

3  447.  7  282,  gradior.  12  431,  2,  (3). 

3  378.  8  425,  2.  1S  442,  1. 

*  386.  9  492,  2.  "  467,  III. 

6  491.  J0  518. 


68  LATIN    READER. 

Ipse  Flaminius  interemptus,  KomanOrum  vigiuti  quin- 
que  millia  caesa  sunt. 

191.  Quingentesimo  duodequadragesimo  anno  post 
urbem  conditam  Lucius  Aemilius  Paulus   et   Caius   Te- 
rentius  Varro  contra  Hannibalem  mittuntur.     Quam- 
quam  intellectum   erat,   Hannibalem  non   aliter  vinci 
•posse  quam  mora,  Varro  tainen,  morae1  impatiens,  apud 
vicum,   qui   Cannae    appellatur,   in  Apulia  pugnavit ; 
am  bo   consiiles  victi,   Paulus  interemptus  est.     In  ea, 
pugna  consulares  aut  praetorii  viginti,  senatores  triginta 
capti  aut  occisi ; 2  militum  quadraginta  millia,  equitum 
tria  millia  et  quingenti  perierunt.     In  his  tantis  malis 
nemo    tamen    pacis    mentionem    facere  dignatus  est. 
Servi,  quod3  nunquam  ante  factum,2  manumissi  et  mili- 
tes  facti  sunt. 

192.  Post  earn  pugnam    multae  Italiae  civitates, 
quae  Eomanis*  paruerant,  se  ad  Hannibalem  transtule- 
runt.5    Hannibal  Eomanis  obtiilit,  ut  captivos  redime- 
rent ; 6  responsumque  est  a  senatu,  eos  cives  non  esse 
necessaries,  qui  armdti  capi  potuissent?    Hos  omnes 
ille  postea  variis  suppliciis  interfecit,  et  tres  modios  au- 
reorum  annulorum  Carthaginem  misit,  quos  manibus8 
equitum  Komanorum  et  senatorum  detraxerat.9     Interea 
in  Hispania  frater  Hannibalis,  Hasdriibal,  qui  ibi  reman- 
serat 10  cum  magno  exercitu,  a  duobus  Scipionibus  vin- 
citur,11   perditque    in    pugna    triginta   quinque    millia 
hominum. 

193.  In  Sicilia  res  prospere  gesta  est.13    Marcellus 
magnam  hujus  insiilae  partem  cepit,  quam  Poeni  occu- 


:  399,  2. 

5  292,  2. 

'  248,  I.  1. 

*  460,  3. 

6  492. 

10  269. 

5  445,  7. 

7  500,  2. 

11  467,  III. 

4  385, 

*  386,  2. 

12  248,  I.  5  ;  II.  5. 

ROMAN    niSTOBY.  69 

paverant ;  Syracusas,  nobilissimam  urbem,  expugnavit, 
et  ingentem  inde  praedam  Eomam A  misit.  Laevlnus  in 
Macedonia  cum.  Philippo  et  multis  Graeciae  popiilis 
amicitiam  fecit;  et  in  Siciliam  profectus8  Hannonem, 
Poenorum  ducem,  apud  Agrigentum  cepit;  quadraginta 
civitates  in  deditionem  accepit,  viginti  sex  expngnavit, 
Ita  omni  Sicilia  recepta/  cum  ingenti  gloria  Eomam  re- 
gressus  est. 

194.  Interea  in  Hispaniam,  ubi  duo  Scipiones  ab 
Hasdrubale  interfecti  erant,  missus  est  Publius  Cornelius 
Scipio,  vir  Eomanorum  omnium  fere  primus.4    Hie,  puer 
duodeviginti  annorum,  in  pugna   ad  Ticmum,  patrem 
singular!  virtute  servavit.     Deinde  post  cladem  Cannen- 
sem  multos  nobilissimorum  juvenum  Italiam  deserere 
cupientium,6  auctoritate  sua  ab  hoc  consilio  deterrait. 
Yiginti  quattuor  annos  natus  in  Hispaniam  missus,  die,9 
qua  yenit,   Carthaginem  Novam  cepit,  in  qua  omne 
aurum  et  argentum  et  belli  apparatum  Poeni  habebant, 
nobilissimos  quoque  obsides,7  quos  ab  Hispanis  accepe- 
rant.    Hos  obsides  parentibus  reddidit.  Quare  omnes  fere 
Hispaniae  civitates  ad  eum  uno  ammo 8  transierunt. 

195.  Anno  quarto  decimo  postquam  in  Italiam  Han- 
nibal verierat,  Scipio  consul  creatus,  et  in  Africam  mis- 
sus est.    Ibi  contra  Hannonem,  ducem  Carthaginiensium, 
prospere  pugnat,  totumque  ejus  exercitum  delet.9     Se- 
cundo  proelio  undecim  millia  hominum  occldit,  et  castra 
cepit  cum  quattuor  millibus  et  quingentis  militibus. 
Qua 10  re  audita,3  omnis  fere  Italia  Hannibalem  deserit. 
Ipse  a  Carthaginiensibus  in  Africam  redire  jubetur.     Ita 
Italia  liberata  est. 


-879. 

"577. 

8  414,  3. 

4  282. 

6  426. 

9  266,  I. 

3  431,  2,  (3). 

7  70,  2. 

J0  453. 

4  166. 

70  LATIN   READER. 

Battle  ofZama,  202  B.  0. 

196.  Post  plures  pugnas  et  pacem  plus  semel  frustra 
tentatam,  pugna  ad  Zamam  committitur,  in  qua,  peritis- 
simi  duces  copias  suas  ad   bellum   educebant.     Scipio 
victor  recedit;  Hannibal  cum  paucis  equitibus  evadit. 
Post  hoc  proelium  pax  cum  Carthaginiensibus  facta  est. 
Scipio,  quum  Rornam  rediisset,1  ingeiiti  gloria  triumpha- 
vit,  atque  Africanus  appellatus  est.     Sic  finem  aecepit 
secundum  Pumcum  bellum  post  annum  undevicesimum 
quam 3  coeperat. 

War  with  Philip. — Cynosceplialae,  19T  B.  C. 

197.  Fimto  Punico  bello,  secutum  est  Macedonicnm 
contra  Philippum   regem.     Superatus   est  rex  a   Tito 
Quinctio  Flaminio  apud  Cynosceplialas,  paxque  ei  data 

est. 

War  with  Perseus.— Pydna,  168  B.  C. 

198.  Philippo,  rege  Macedoniae,  mortuo,  filius  ejus 
Perseus  rebellavit,  ingentibus  copiis  paratis.     Dux  Ro- 
manorum,    Publius  Licinius    consul,  contra  eum  mis- 
sus, gravi  proelio  a  rege  victns  est.     Rex  tamen  pacem 
petebat.      Cni3  Romani  earn  praestare  noluerunt,  nisi 
his  conditiombiis,  ut  se  et  suos  Romanis  dederet.4     Mox 
Aemilms  Paulus  consul  regem  ad  Pydnam  superavit,  et 
viginti  millia  peditum  ejus  occidit.     Equitiitns  cum  rege 
fugit.      Urbes  Macedoniae   omnes,   quas  rex  tenuerat, 
Romanis  se  dediderunt.     Ipse  Perseus  ab  amicis  desertus 
in  Pauli  potestatem  venit.     Hie,  multis  etiam  aliis  rebus 
gestis,6  cum  ingenti  pompaRomam  rediit  in  navePersei, 
inusitatae  magnitudmis ; 6  nam  sedecim  remorum  ordines 

1  518,  II.  3453.  8  431,  2,  (3). 

9  427,  3.  4  495,  3.  6  306,  IV. 


ROMAN    HISTORY.  71 

habuisse  dicitur.  Triumphavit  magniiicentissime1  in 
curru  aureo,  duobus  filiis  utroque  latere2  adstantibus. 
Ante  currum  inter  captivos  duo  regis  filii  et  ipse  Perseus 
ducti  sunt. 

Third  Punic  War,  149  B.  C. 

199.  Tertium  delude    belluin   contra  Carthaginem 
susceptum  est.     Lucius  Marcius  Censorlnus  et  Manius 
Manlius  consiiles  in  Africam  trajecerunt,  et  oppugnavts 
runt  Carthagmem.     Multa  ibi  praeclare  gesta  sunt  per 
Scipionem,3  Scipionis  Africani  nepotem,  qui  tribunus4 
in  Africa  militabat. 

200.  Quum  jam  magnum  esset5  Scipionis  nomen, 
tertio  anno  postquam  Eomani  in  Africam  trajecerant, 
consul  est  creatus,  et  contra  Carthagmem  missus.     Is 
hanc  urbem  acivibus  acerrime8  defensam7  cepit  ac  diruit. 
Ingens  ibi  praeda  facta,  plurimaque  inventa  sunt?  quae 
multarum  civitatuni  excidiis  Carthago  collegerat.     Haec 
omnia  Scipio  civitatibus  Italiae,  Siciliae,  Africae  reddi- 
dit,  quae  sua  recognoscebant.     Ita  Carthago  septingente- 
simo  anno,  postquam  condita  erat,  deleta  est.     Scipio 
nomen  Africani  junioris8  accepit. 

'305;  164.  4  363.  7  678,  IV. 

2  422,  1.  *  518,  H.  B  168,  3. 

8  414,  5,  1).  •  305 ;  163,  1. 


72  LATIN  KEABEK. 


PERIOD  IV. — CIVIL  DISSENSIONS. 

FROM   THE  CONQUEST  OF   GREECE   TO   THE   DISSOLUTION  OF  THE   ROMAN   COMMON- 
WEALTH, 31   B.  C. 

Numantia  taken,  133  B.  C. 

201.  Deinde  bellum  exortum  est  cum  Numantlnis, 
civitate  Hispaniae.     Victus  *  ab  his  Quintus  Pompeius, 
et  post  eum  Caius  Hostilius  Mancinus  consul,  qui  pacem 
cum  iis  fecit  infamem,  quarn  popiilus  et  senatus  jussit3 
infringi,  atque  ipsum  Manclnum  hostibus  tradi.     Turn 
Publius  Scipio  Africanus  in  Hispaniam  missus  est.     Is 
primum  milltem  ignavum  et  corruptum  correxit ; 3  turn 
multas  Hispaniae  civitates  partim  bello  eepit,  partim  in 
deditionem  accepit.     Postremo  ipsani  ISTumantiam  fame 
ad  deditionem  coegit,  urbemque  evertit ;  reliquam4  pro- 
vinciam  in  fidem  accepit. 

MitJiridatic  War.— First  Civil  War.—Marius,  Sulla,  88  R  C. 

202,  Anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  sexagesimo 
sexto  primum  Eomae  bellum  civile  exortum  est ;  eodem 
anno  etiam  Mithridaticum.     Causam  bello  civili  Caius 
Marins  dedit.     Nam  quum  Sullae  bellum  adversus  Mith- 
ridatem,  regem  Ponti,  decretum  esset,6  Marius  ei6  hunc 
honorem  eripere  conatus  est.     Sed  Sulla,  qui  adhuc  cum 
legionibus  suis  in  Italia  morabatur,7  cum  exercitu  Eomam 
venit,  et  adversarios  quum 8  interfecit,  turn  fugavit.   Turn 
rebus  Eomae  utcunque  compositis,  in  Asiam  profectus 
est,  pluribusque  proeliis  Mithridatem  coegit,  ut  pacem  a 

1  460,  3.  4  441,  6.  7  468. 

2  463,  3.  6  518,  II.  8  587,  I.  5. 
8  260,  1,  1).                 6  386,  2. 


ROMAN    HISTORY.  73 

Romania  peteret,1  et  Asia,  quam  invaserat,  relicta,  regni 
sui  finibus2  contentus  esset. 

Civil  War,  continued. 

203.  Sed  dum  Sulla  in  Graecia  et  Asia  MithridStem 
vincit,3  Marius,  qui  fugatus  fuerat,  et  Cornelius  Cinna, 
unus  ex  consulibus,4  bellum  in  Italia  repararunt,5  et  in- 
gressi  Eomam  nobilissimos  ex  senatu  et  consulates  viros 
interfecerunt ;  multos  proscripserunt ;  ipsius  Sullae  domo 
eversa,  filios  et  uxorem  ad  fugam  compulerunt.6     Uni- 
versus  reliquus  senatus  ex  urbe  fugiens  ad  Sullam  in 
Graeciam  venit,  orans  ut  patriae  subveniret.1     Sulla  in 
Italiam  trajecit,  hostium    exercitus  vicit/   mox  etiain 
urbem  ingressus  est,  quam  caede  8  et  sanguine  civium 
replevit.     Quattuor  millia  inermium,0  qui  se  dediderant, 
interfici  jussit ;  duo  millia  equitum  et  senatorum  pro- 
scripsit.10     Turn  de  Mithridate  triumphavit.     Duo  haec 
bella  funestissima,  Italicum,  quod  et  sociale  dictum  est5 
et  civile,  ultra  centum  et  quinquaginta  millia  hominum, 
viros  consulates  viginti  quattuor,  praetorios  septem,  aedi- 
litios  sexaginta,  senatores  fere  ducentos  consumpserunt.11 

War  of  ike  Gladiators. — Spartacus,  73^?.  C. 

204.  Anno    urbis    sexcentesimo  octogesimo  primo 
novum  in  Italia  bellum  commotum "  est.     Septuaginta 
enim  quattuor  gladiatores,  ducibus 13  Spartaco,  Crixo,  et 
Oenomao,  e  ludo  gladiatorio,  qui  Capuae14  erat,  effuge- 
runt,  et  per  Italiam  vagantes  paene  non  levius  bellum, 


-  492,  2. 

6  280  ;  254,  5. 

11  248,  I.  4. 

a  419,  IV. 

7  253,  2. 

13  270. 

8  467,  4. 

8  419,  2,  1). 

13  430,  431. 

4  398,  4. 

9  441. 

"  421,  II. 

8  234- 

10  248,  I.  3. 

74:  LATIN   HEADER. 

quam  Hannibal,  moverunt.1  Nam  contraxerunt3  exer- 
citum  fere  sexaginta  millium  armatorum,  multosque 
duces  et  duos  Romanos  consiiles  vicerunt.  Ipsi  victi 
sunt  in  Apulia  a  Marco  Licinio  Crasso  proconsiile,  et3 
post  multas  ealamitates  Italiae,  tertio  anno 3  huic  bell® 
finis  est  impositus. 

Pompey  puts  down  the  Pirates,  67  B.  C. — Is  appointed  successor  to 
Lucullus.— Death  of  Mithridates,  63  B.  C. 

205.  Per  ilia  tempora  piratae  omnia  maria  infesta- 
bant  ita,  ut  Eomanis,4  toto  orbe 6  terrarum  victoribus, 
sola  navigatio  tuta  non  esset.6     Quare  id  bellum  Cnaeo 
Pompeio  decretum  est,  quod  intra  paucos  menses  incre- 
dibili  felicitate  et  celeritate  confecit.     Mox  eidelatuna7 
bellum  contra  regem  Mithridatem  et  Tigrfmem.     Quo e 
euscepto,  Mithridatem    in   Armenia  Minore    nocturno 
proelio  vicit,  castra  diripuit,  et  quadraginta  millibus  ejus 
occlsis,  viginti  tantum  de  exercitu*  BUO  perdidit  et  duos 
centuriones.     Mitliridates  fugit 9  cum  uxore  et  duobus 
comitibus,10  neque11  multo  post,  Pharnacis  filii  sui  sedi- 
tione  coactus,12  venenum  hausit.13     Hunc  vitae  finern 
habuit  Mithridates,  vir  ingentis  industriae  atque  consilii. 
Eegnavit  annis 14  sexaginta,  vixit  septuaginta  duobus ; 
contra  Eomanos  bellum  habuit  annis  quadraginta. 

Victories  of  Pompey  over  Tigranes :  he  takes  Jerusalem,  63  B.  C. 

206.  Tigrani  deinde  Pompeius  bellum  intiilit.     Hie 
ge  ei  dedidit,  et  in  castra  Pompeii  venit,  ac  diadema 


J270. 

"494. 

11  587,  I.  2. 

2  273,  I. 

7  292,  2  ;  460,  3. 

13  279,  ago. 

3  426. 

8  453;  431,  2,  (3). 

13  284,  II. 

4  891. 

9  279. 

14  378,  1. 

6  422,  1,1). 

10  TO. 

ROMAN   HISTORY.  75 

suum  in  ejus  manibus  collocavit,  quod  ei  Pompeius  re- 
posuit.  Parte  l  regni  eum  multavit  et  grandi  pecunia. 
Turn  alios  etiam  reges  et  popiilos  superavit.  Arineniarn 
Minorem  Deiotaro,2  Galatiae  regi,  donavit,  quia  auxilium 
contra  Mithridatem  tulerat.  Seleueiam,  viclnam  Antio- 
phiae3  civitatem,  libertate2  donavit,  quod  regem  Tigra- 
'nem  non  recepisset.4  Inde  in  Judaeam  transgressus, 
Hierosolymam,  caput  gentis,  tertio  mense  cepit,  duode- 
cim  millibus  Judaeorum  occlsis,  ceteris  in  fidem  receptis. 
His*  gestis  finem  antiquissimo  bello  imposuit.  Ante 
triumphantis  currum  ducti  sunt  filii  Mithridatis,  iilius 
Tigranis,  et  Aristobulus,  rex  Judaeorum.  Praelata  in- 
gens  pecunia,  auri  atque  argenti  infimtum  pondus.  Hoc 
tempore  nullum  per  orbem  terr^rum  grave  bellum  erat. 

Catiline's  Conspiracy,  63  B.  C. 

207.  Marco  Tullio  Cicerone8  oratore  et  Caio  Aiito- 
nio  consulibus,  anno  ab  urbe  condita 7  sexcentesimo  nona- 
gesimo  primo  Lucius  Sergius  Catilma,  nobilissimi  generis 
vir,  sed  ingenii  pravissimi,  ad  delendam 8  patriam  conju- 
ravit  cum  quibusdam  claris  quidem,  sed  audacibns  viris. 
A  Cicerone  urbe 9  expulsus  est,  socii  ejus  depreliensi  et 
in  carcere  strangulati  sunt.     Ab  Antonio,  altero  console, 
Catilma  ipse  proelio  victus  est  et  interfectus. 

Caesar  Consul,  59  B.  C. :  in  Gaul,  58  B.  C. 

208.  Anno  urbis  conditae  sexcentesimo  nonagesimo 
quinto  Caius  Julius  Caesar  cum  Lucio  Bibulo  consul  est 
factus.    Quum  ei  Gallia  decreta  esset,10  semper  vincendo11 

1  425,  2,  2).  6  414.  9  425. 

2  384,  1.  6  430,  431.  w  518,  II. 

3  391.  7  580.  "  56d,  L 

4  ESO,  II.  e  565,  1. 


76  LATIN   READER. 

usque  ad  Oceanum  BritannTcurn  processit.1  Domuit* 
autem  annis  novem  fere  omnem  Galliam,  quae  inter 
Alpes,  flu  men  Rhodanum,  Rhenum  et  Oceanum  est. 
Britannis  mox  bellum  intiilit,3  quibus4  ante  eum  ne 
nomen  quidem  Romanorum  cognitum5  erat;  Germa- 
nos  quoque  trans  Rhenum  aggressus,  ingentibus  proeliis 
vicit. 

Civil  War  of  Pompey  and  Caesar,  49  B.  C. 

209.  Bellum  civile  successit,1  quo  Romani  nominis 
fortuna  mutata  est.     Caesar  enim  victor  e  Gallia  rediens, 
absens  coepit  poscere  alterum  eonsulatum  ;  quern 6  quuni 
multi  sine  dubitatione  deferrent,7    contradictum   est   a 
Pompeio  et  aliis,  jussusque  est,  dirnissis  exercitibus,  in 
urbein  redlre.     Propter  hanc  injuriam  ab  Arimmo,  ubi 
milites  congregates 8  habebat,  infesto  exercitu 9  Rom  am 
contendit.     Consiiles  cum  Pompeio,  senatusque  omnis 
atque  universa  nobilitas  ex  urbe  fugit,10  et  in  Graeciam 
transiit ;  et,  dum  senatus  bellum  contra  Caesarem  para- 
bat,  hie  vacuam  urbem  ingressus  dictatorem  se  fecit. 

Pefeat  of  Pompey^  party  in  Spain. — Battle  of  Pharsalia,  48  B.  C. 
— Death  of  Pompey. 

210.  Inde  Hispanias  petiit,11  ibique  Pompeii  legiones 
juperavit ;  turn  in  Graecia  adversum  Pompeium  ipsum 
diinicavit.     Primo  proelio  victus  est  et  fugatus  ;  evasit ia 
tamen,  quia,  nocte  interveniente,  Pornpeius  sequi  no- 
luit ; 13  dixitque  Caesar,  nee  Pompeium  scire  vincere,  et 
illo  tantum  die  se  potuisse  superari.     Deinde  in  Thes- 
salifi  apud  Pharsalum  ingentibus  utrimque  copiis  14  com- 


1  248,  1.  2,4. 

6  453. 

11  234. 

2  262. 

T518. 

12  273,  III. 

3  292,  2. 

8  388,  1. 

13  293. 

4  391. 

9  414,  7. 

14  414. 

6  575. 

J0  463,  I. 

EOMAN   HISTORY.  77 

missis  dimicaverunt.  Nunquam  adlmc  Romanae  copiae 
majores  neque  melioribus  ducibirs l  convenerant.  Pug- 
natum  est '  ingenti  eontentione,3  victusque  ad  postremum 
Pompeius,  et  castra  ejus  direpta  sunt.  Ipse  fugatus 
Alexandrian!  petiit,  nt  a  rege  Aegypti,  cui  tutor  *  a  so 
natu  datus  fuerat,  acciperet a  auxilia.  At  hie  fortiinam 
magis  quam  amicitiam  secutus,6  occldit  Pompeium,  caput 
ejus  et  annulum  Caesari  misit.  ^Juo 7  conspecto,  Caesar 
lacrimas  fudisse8  dicitur,  tanti  viri  intuens  caput,  et  ge- 
neri  quondam  °  sui. 

Caesar  assassinated  in  the  Senate-House,  44  B.  C. 

211.  Quum  ad  Alexandrian!  venisset  Caesar,  Ptole- 
maeus  ei  insidias  parare  voluit,  qua  de  causa  regi  bellum 
illatiim10  est.  Hex  victus  in  Nilo  periit,  inventunique 
est  corpus  ejus  cum  lorlca  aurea.  Caesar,  Alexandria  " 
potltus,  regnum  Cleopatrae  dedit.12  Turn  inde  profec- 
tus6  Pompeianarum  partium  reliquias  est  persecutus, 
bellisque  13  civilibus  toto  terrarum  orbe 14  compositis,  Eo- 
mam  rediit.  Ubi  quum  insolentius 15  agere  coepisset,16 
conjuratum  est  in  eum  a  sexaginta  vel  amplius  senatori- 
bus,  equitibusque  Eomanis.  Praecipui  fuertint  inter 
coDJuratos 1T  Bruti  duo  ex  genere  illms  Bruti,  qui,  regi- 
bus  expulsis,  primus  Komae  consul  fuerat.  Ergo  Caesar, 
quum  in  curiam  venisset,  viginti  tribus  yulneribus  con- 
fossus  est. 


1  414,  7. 

7  453  ;  431,  2,  (3). 

13  431,  2,  (3). 

2  301,  3. 

8  279. 

14  422,  1,  1). 

3  414,  3. 

9  583,2. 

15  444,  1  &  4. 

4  362. 

10  292,  2. 

16  297. 

6  491. 

11  419. 

17  575  ;  262,  2. 

8  282. 

12  264. 

78  LATH*   READER. 


The  Second  Triumvirate,  Octavim,  Antony,  and  Lcpidus,  43  B.  C. — 
Death  of  Cicero. 

212.  Interfecto  Caesare,  anno  urbis  septingentesimo 
decimo  bella  civilia  reparata  sunt.      Senatus  favebat 
Caesaris  percussoribus,1  Antonius  consul  a  Caesaris  par- 
tibns  stabat.     Ergo  turbata  re  publica,  Antonius,  multis 
sceleribus   commissis,   a   senatu    hostis2    judicatus  est. 
Fusus  fugatusque  Antonius,  amisso  exercitu,  confugit  ad 
Lepidum,  qui  Caesari a  magister  equitum  fuerat,  et  turn 
grandes  copias  militum  habebat ;  a  quo  susceptus  est. 
Mox  Octavianus  cum  Antonio  pacem  fecit,  et  quasi  vin- 
dicaturus  patris  sui  mortem,  a  quo  per  testamentum 
fuerat  adoptatus,  Horn  am  cum  exercitu  profectus  extor- 
sit,4  ut  sibi,  juveni  viginti  annorum,  consulatus  daretur.6 
Turn  junctus  cum  Antonio  et  Lepido  rem  publicam  ar- 
mis  tenere  coepit,  senatumque  proscripsit.    Per  hos  etiam 
Cicero  orator  occisus  est,  multique  alii  nobiles.6 

Battle  of  PUlippi,  42  B.  C. 

213,  Interea  Brutus  et  Cassius,  interfectores  Cae- 
saris, ingens  bellum  moverunt.7      Profecti 8  contra  eos 
Caesar  Octavianus,  qui  postea  Augustus  est  appellatus, 
et  Marcus  Antonius,  apud  Philippos,  Macedoniae  urbem, 
contra  eos  pugnaverunt.9     Primo  proelio  victi  sunt  An- 
tonius et  Caesar ;  periit 10  tamen  dux  nobilitatis  Cassius ; 
secundo  Brutum  et  infinitam  nobilitatem,  quae  cum  illis 
bellum  susceperat,  victam11   interfecerunt.      Turn  vic- 
tores  rem  publicam  ita  inter  se  diviserunt,12  ut  Octavia- 

1  385.  6  492,  1.  9  463,  II. 

3  362.  *  460,  2.  10  295,  3. 

3  390,  2.  7  270.  "  579. 

4  269,  torqueo,  8  439.  "  273,  III. 


ROMAN   HISTORY.  79 

-us  Caesar  Hispanias,  Gallias,  Italiam  teneret  : l  Anto- 
nius  Orientem,  Lepidus  African!  acciperet. 

Battle  ofActium,  31  B.  0. 

214,  Paulo2  post  Antonius,  repudiata  sorore  Cae- 
saris  Octaviimi,  Cleopatram,  reglnam  Aegypti,  uxorem 
duxit.  Ab  hac  incitatus  ingens  bellum  commovit,  dum 
Cleopatra  cnpiditate  muliebri  optat  Komae  regnare. 
Victus  est  ab  Augusto  navali  pugna  clara  et  illustri 
apud  Actium,  qui 3  locus  in  Epiro  est.  Hinc  fugit  in 
Aegyptum,  et,  desperatis  rebus,  quum  omnes  ad  Augus- 
tum  translrent,4  se  ipse  interemit.6  Cleopatra  quoque 
aspidem  sibi  admlsit,  et  veneno  ejus  exstincta6  est.  Ita 
bellis  toto  orbe 7  confectis,  Octavianus  Augustus  Komam 
rediit  anno  duodecimo  postquam  consul  fuerat.  Ex  eo 
iride  tempore  rem  publicam  per  quadraginta  et  quattuor 
annos  solus  obtinuit.  Ante  enim  duodecim  annis 8  cum 
Antonio  et  Lepido  tenuerat.  Ita  ab  initio  principatus 
ejus  usque  ad  finem  quinquaginta  sex  anni  fuere. 

1  494.  4  518.  7  422,  1,  1). 

2  418.  •  279,  emo.  8  378,  1. 

3  445,  8.  •  275,  stinguo. 


!  GRECIAN    HISTORY. 

NOTE. — It  is  recommended  that,  in  reading  the  Grecian  History,  special 
attention  should  be  given  to  Irregular,  Defective,  and  Impersonal  Verbs.— 
287-301. 

PERIOD  I. — GRECIAN  TRIUMPHS. 

FROM  THE  PERSIAN  INVASION,  490  B.  C.,  TO  THE  PELOPONNESIAN  WAR,  451  B.  C. 

Darius  invades  Scythia :  prepares  to  invade  Greece. 

215.  Multis  in  Asia  feliciter  gestis,  Darius  Scythis 
bellum  intiilit,1  et  armatis  septingentis  millibus a  honri* 
num.  Scythiam 3  ingressus,  quum  Lostes  ei  pugnae  potes- 
tatem  non  facerent,4  metuens,  ne,  interrupto  ponte  Istri, 
reditus  sibi  intercluderetur,6  amissis  octoginta  millibus 
liominum,  trepidus  refugit.     Inde  Macedonian!  domuit : 
et  quum    ex  Europa  in  Asiam  rediisset/  hortantibug 
amicis  ut  Graeciam  redigeret 7  in  suam  potestatem,  clas- 
Bern  quingentarum  navium  comparavit,  eique  Datim8 
praefecit    et  Artaphernen ; 8    liisque   ducenta    peditum 
millia,  et  decem  equitum  dedit. 

£ 
Battle  of  Marathon,  490  R  C. 

216.  Praefecti  regii,  classe  ad  Euboeam    appulsa, 
celeriter  Eretriam  ceperunt.     Inde  ad  Atticam  accesse- 
runt,  ac  suas  copias  in  Campum  Marathona  deduxerunt. 

1  292,  2.  4  518,  II.  7  492,  2. 

2  414,  7.  6  492,  4.  e  85,  4. 

3  371,  4.  6  295,  3.  9  93,  3. 


GRECIAN   HISTORY.  81 

Is  abest  ab  oppido  circiter  millia  passuinn  decem.  Hoc 
in  tempore  nulla  civitas  Atheniensibus  *  auxilio  fuit, 
praeter  Plataeenses;  ea  mille2  misit  militum.  Itaque 
horum  adventu  decem  millia  armatorum  completa  sunt : 
quae3  manus  mirabili  flagrabat  pugnandi  cupiditate. 
Athenienses  copias  ex  urbe  eduxerunt,  locoque  *  idoneo 
castra  fecerunt ;  deinde  postero  die,  sub  montis  radicibus 
proelium  commiserunt.  Datis  etsi  non  aequum  locum 
videbat  suis,  tamen,  fretus  numero5  copiarum  suarum, 
confligere  cupiebat.  Itaque  in  aciem  peditum  centum, 
equitum  decem  millia  produxit,  proeliumque  commisit. 
In  quo  tanto 6  plus  virtute  valuerunt  Athenienses,  ut  de- 
cemplicem  numerum  hostium  profligarint ; 7  adeoque 
perterruerunt,  ut  Persae  non  castra,  sed  naves  petierint. 
Qua  pugna  nihil  est  nobilius ;  nulla  enim  unquam  tain 

exigua  manus  tantas  opes  prostravit. 

VL 

Xerxes  invades  Greece,  480  B.  0. 

217.  Quum  Darius,  bellum  instauraturus,  in  ipso 
apparatu  decessisset,8  filius  ejus  Xerxes  Europam  *  cnm 
tantis  copiis  invasit,  quantas  neque  antea  neque  postea 
habuit  quisquam :  hujus  enim  classis  mille  et  ducenta- 
rum  navium  10  longarum  fuit,  quam  duo  millia  oneraria- 
rum  sequebantur :  terrestres  autem  exercitus  septingen- 
torum  millium  peditum,  equitum  quadringentorum 
millium  fuerunt.  Cujus  "  de  adventu  quum  fama  in 
Graeciam  esset  perlata,  et  maxime  Athenienses  peti 
dicerentur,12  propter  pugnam  Marathoniam,  miserunt 
Delphos  consultum,13  quidnam  facerent 14  de  rebus  suis. 


1  390. 

6  418. 

11  453. 

2  178. 

7  234  ;  482,  2. 

22  549,  4. 

3  445,  8. 

8  518. 

13  569. 

4  422,  1,  2). 

0  371,  4. 

14  525. 

6  419,  IV. 

10  401. 

82 


LATIN   EEADEB 


Deliberantitus  Pythia  respondit,  ut  moenibus  ligneis 
se  munlrent.1  Id  responsum  quo  valeret,  quum  intelli- 
geret  nemo,  Themistocles  persuasit,  consilium  esse  Apol- 
linis,  ut  in  naves  se  suaque  conferrent : a  eum  enim  a  deo 
significari  murum  ligneum.  Tali  consilio  probato,  ad- 
dun  t  ad  superiores  totidem  naves  triremes  :  suaque  om- 
nia,  quae  moveri  poterant,  partim  Salamma,3  partim 
Troezena,  deportant ;  areem  sacerdotibus  paucisque  ma- 
joribus  natu,4  ac  sacra  procuranda 6  tradunt ;  reliquum 
oppidum  relinquunt. 

Actions  at  Thermopylae  and  Artemisium,  480  B.  0. 

218.  IIujus  consilium  plerisque  civitatibus  displice- 
bat,  et  in  terra  dimicari6  magis  placebat.  Itaque  missi 
sunt  delecti7  cum  Leonida,  Lacedaemoniorum  rege,  qui 
Tliermopylas  occuparent,8  longiusque  barbaros  progredi 
non  paterentur.  Hi  vim9  hostium  non  sustinuenint, 
eoque  loco  omnes  interierunt.10  At  classis  communis 
Graeciae  trecentarum  navium/1  in  qua  ducentae  erant 
Attiemensium,  primum  apud  Artemisium,  inter  Euboe- 
am  continentemque  terrain,  cum  classiariis  regiis  con- 
flixit : 12  angustias  enim  Themistocles  quaerebat,  ne  mul- 
titudine  circumiretur.13  Hinc  etsi  pari  proelio 14  discesse- 
rant,  tarn  en  eodem  loco  non  sunt  ausi J5  man  ere,  quod 
erat  periculum,  ne,  si  pars  navium  adversariorum  Eu- 
boeam  superasset,19  ancipiti  premerentur 17  periciilo.  Quo 
factum  est,  ut  ab  Artemisio  discederent,18  et  exadversum 
Athenas,  apud  SalamTna,  classem  suam  constituerent. 


1  492,  2. 

575. 

13  491. 

3  495,  3. 

500,  1. 

14  414,  3. 

3  93,  1. 

85,  2;  88,  3. 

15  272,  3. 

4  429.                             :o 

295,  3. 

18  509. 

6  578,  V.                       ' 

397,  2. 

17  492,  4. 

6  549.                             ' 

248,  I.  1 

18  495,  2. 

GRECIAN    HISTORY.  83 

Battle  ofSalamis,  480  B.  C. 

219.  At  Xerxes,  Thermopylis  exptignatis,  protinus 
accessit    astu,1   idque,    niillis   defendentibus,   interfectis 
eacerdotibus,  quos  in  afce  invenerat,  incendio  delevit. 
Cujus  fama  pertefriti  classiarii  quum  manere  non  aude- 
rent,  et  plurimi a  hortarentur,  tit  domos  suas  quisque 
disce'derent,3  moenibusque  se  deferiderent  ;~"Themistocles 
imus  restitit,  et,  universes  pares  hostibus  esse  posse 4  aie- 
bat,£  disperses  testabatur  perituros,  idque  Eurybiadi,  regi 
Lacedaemoniorum,  qui  turn  summae6  imperil  praeerat, 
fore "  affirmabat.     Quern  quum  minus,  quam  vellet,8  uio- 
veret,9  noctu  de  servis  suis,  quern  liabuit  fidelissimum,10 
ad  regem  misit,  ut  ei  iiuntiaret  suis  verbis :  adversaries 
ejus  in  fuga  esse,  qui  n  si  discessissent™  majore  cum 
Idbore,  et  longinquwre    tempore  Idlum  confecturum™ 
quum  singulos  consectari  cogeretur  ;  quos  si  statim  ag- 
grederetur,  Irevi  universes  oppressurum,.     Hoc  eo  vale- 
bat,  ut  ingratiis  ad  depugnandum  omnes  cogerentur.14 
Hac  re  audlta,  barbarus,  niliil  doli  subesse  credens,  pos- 
tridie  alienissimo  sibi 15  loco,  contra  opportunissimo  hos- 
tibus, adeo  angusto  mari 10  conflixit,  ut  ejus  multitudo 
navium  explicari  non  potuerit.17     Yictus  ergo  esf  inagis 
consilio  Themistoclis,  quam  armis  Graeciae. 

Xerxes  flies  lack  into  Asia. 

220.  Hie  etsi  male  rem  gesserat,  tamen  tantas  habe- 
bat  reliquias  copiarum,  ut  etiamtum    his  18  opprimere 


1  128,  1,3);  371,4. 

7  297,  III.  2. 

13  545,  3. 

3  165,  441. 

8  527. 

14  495. 

3  492,  2  ;  461,  3. 

°518. 

15  391. 

,      4  289. 

10  453,  5. 

16  422,  1,  1). 

5  297,  II.  1. 

11  453. 

17  482,  2. 

6  386. 

12  509. 

18  414,  4. 

84  LATIN   READER. 

posset  hostes.  Iterum  ab  eodem  gradu  depulsus  est, 
'Nam  Themistocles,  verens  ne  bellare  perseveraret,1  cer- 
tiorem  eum  fecit,  id  agi,2  ut  pons,3  quern  ille  in  Helles- 
ponto  fecerat,  dissolveretur,4  ac  reditu  in  Asiam  exclu 
deretur.  Itaque  in  Asiam  reversus  est,  seque  a  Themis- 
tocle  non  superatum,5  sed  conservatum  judicavit.  Sic 
unius  viri  prudentia  Graecia  liberata  est. 

Battles  of  Plataea  and  Mycale,  479  B.  C. 

221.  Postero  anno  qnam  Xerxes  in  Asiam  refugerat, 
Graeci,  duce  Pausania,  Mardonium,  regis  generum,  apud 
Plataeas  fuderunt :  °  quo  proelio  ipse  dux  cecidit/  Bar. 
barorumque  exercitus  interfectus  est.  Eodem  forte  die 
in  Asia,  ad  montem  Mycalen,  Persae  a  Graecis  navali 
proelio  superati  sunt.  Jamque  omnibus  pacatis,  Atlie- 
nienses  belli  damna  reparare  coeperunt.8 


PERIOD  II. — CIVIL  WARS  IN  GREECE. 

FROM   THE   PELOPONNESIAN   WAR    TO  THE    ACCESSION  OP    PHILIP    OP    MACEDON, 

860   B.  C. 


The  Peloponnesian  War,  431  B.  C.— Pericles. 

222,  Hoc  bellum,  quo 9  nullum  aliud  florentes  Grae- 
ciae  res  gravius  afflixit,  saepe  susceptum  et  depositum 
est.  Initio  Spartani  fines  Atticae  populabantur,  hostes- 
que  ad  proelium  provocilbant.  Sed  Athenienses,  Periclis 
consilio,10  ultionis  tempus  exspectantes  intra  moenia  se 


1  492,  4. 

6  545,  3. 

8  297. 

2  551,  3. 

6  279. 

8  417. 

3  76;  110,  1. 

7  280. 

10  414,  2. 

4  495,  3. 

GRECIAN    HISTORY.  85 


continebant.  Deinde,  paucis  diebus  interjectis,  naves 
conscendunt,  et,  nihil  sentientibus  Lacedaemoniis,  totam 
Laconiam  depraedantur.  Clara  quidem  haec  Pencils 
expeditio  est  habita ;  sed  multo  clarior  privati  patrimonii 
contemptus  fuit.  Nam  in  populatione  ceterorum  agro- 
rum,  Periclis  agros  hostes  intactos  reliquerant,  ut  ant  in- 
vidiam  ei  apnd  cives  concitarent,1  aut  in  proditionis 
suspicionem  adducerent.  Quod  intelligens,  Pericles 
agros  rei  publicae  dono  dedit.  Post  liaec  aliquot  diebus 
interjectis,  navali  proelio  diinicatum  est.2  Victi  Lace- 
daemonii  fugerunt.  Post  plures8  annos,  fessi  malis,  pa- 
cem  in  annos  quinquaginta  fecere,  quarn  non  nisi  sex 
annos 4  servaverunt. 


Expedition  of  the  Athenians  against  Sicily,  415  B.  C. 

223,  Bello  inter  Catinienses  et  Syracusanos  exorto,6 
Athenienses  Catiniensibus  opem  ferunt."  Classis  ingens 
decernitur  ;  creantur  duces  Nicias,  Alcibiades  et  Lama- 
clius ;  tantaeque  vires  in  Sicilian!  effusae  sunt,  ut  iis 
ipsis  terrori 7  essent,  quibus  auxilio  venerant.  Nicias  et 
Lamaclms  duo  proelia  pedestria  secundo  Marte8  pug- 
nant ;  munitionibusque  urbi  Syracusarum9  circumdatis, 
incolas  etiain  marinis  commeatibus 10  intercludunt.  Qui- 
bus rebus  fracti J1  Syracusani,  auxilium  a  Lacedaemoniis 
petiverunt."  Ab  his  mittitnr  Gylippus,  qui  auxiliis 
partim  in  Graecia,  partim  in  Sicilia  contractis,  oppor- 
tdna  bello  loca 13  occiipat.  Duobus  deinde  proeliis  vic- 


1  491.  6  292 ;  467,  III.  10  386,  1. 

a  301,  3.  7  390.  "  279. 

3  165,  1.  •  414,  3  ;  705,  II.  »  276,  III. 

*  378.  c  S96,  V.  13  141. 

*  286,  2. 


86  LATIN   READER. 

tus,  tertio  hostes  in  fugam  conjecit,  sociosque  obsidione1 
liberavit.  In  eo  proelio  Lamachus  fortiter  pugnans  oc- 
cisus  est. 

Successes  of  Alcibiades  against  the  Lacedaemonians.  . 

224.  Alcibiades  summa  cura, 2  classem  instruit,  atque 
in  bellum  adversus  Lacedaemonios  perrexit.     Hac  expe-1 
ditione  tanta  subito  rerum  commutatio  facta  est,3  ut  La- 
cedaemonii,  qui  paulo  ante  victores  viguerant,  perterriti 
pacem  peterent ;  *  victi  enim  erant  quinque  terrestrtbus 
proeliis,  tribus  navalibus,  in  quibus  trecentas  triremes 
amiserant,  quae  captae  in  hostium  venerant  potestatem. 
Alcibiades  simul  cum  collegis  receperat  loniam,  Helles- 
pontum,  multas  praeterea  urbes  Graecas,  quae  in  ora, 
sitae  sunt  Asiae  :  quarum  expugnaverant  quam  plurimas, 
in  his  Byzantium  ;  neque  minus  multas  consilio  ad  ami- 
citiam  adjunxerant,  quod  in  captos   clementifi &  fuerant 
usi.     Inde  praedatt  onusti,  locupletato  exercitu,  maximis 
rebus  gestis,  Athenas  venerunt. 

Cyrus  favors  Lysander  and  the  Lacedaemonians,  407  B.  C. 

225.  Dum  liaec  geruntur,  a  Lacedaemoniis  Lysan- 
der classi  belloque  praeficitur  ;  et  Darius,  rex  Persfirum, 
n'lium  suum,  Cyrum,  loniae  Lydiaeque  praeposuit,  qui 
Lacedaemonios    auxiliis    opibusque   ad  spem   fortunae 
prioris 7  erexit.     Aucti 8  igi tur  viribus  °  Alcibiadem  cum 
centum  iiavibus  in  Asiam  profectum,10  dum  agros  popu- 
latur,  repentmo   adventu   oppressere.11     Magnae  et  5n- 
opinatae  cladis  nuntius  quum  Athenas  venisset,  tanta 

1  425,  3.  6  419,  I.  °  429. 

9  414,  3.  6  419,  III.  J0  282. 

»  294.  7  166.  "  235. 

4  494.  e  269. 


GRECIAK    HI-STORY.  87 

Atlienlensium  desperatio  fuit,  ut  statiin  Cononem  in 
Alcibiadis  locum  mitterent,  duels  se  fraude  magis  quam 
belli  fortuna  victos1  arbitrantes. 


Fatal  defeat  of  the  Athenians  at  Aegospotamos,  405  B.  C. 

226.  Itaque  Conon  classem  maxima  industria  ador- 
nat ;  sed  navibus3  exercitus  deerat.     Nam,  ut  numerus 
militum  expleretur,  senes  et  pueri  arma  capere  coacti 
sunt.     Pluribus  itaque  proeliis  adverso  Marte  pugnatis, 
tandem  Lysander,  Spartanorum  dux3  Atheniensimn  ex- 
ercitum,  qui,  navibus  relictis,  in  teiTam  praedatum  *  exi- 
erat,4  ad  Aegos  flumen  oppressit,  eoque  impetu  totum 
bellum  finlvit.     Hac  enirn  clade  res  Atheniensium  peni- 
tus  incliriata  est. 

Athens  surrenders  to  Lysander,  404  B.  C. —  The  Thirty  Tyrants. 

227.  Lysander  Atlienas  navigavit,  miseramque  civi- 
tiltem,  obsidione  circumdatam,  fame 6  urget.  Athenienses, 
multis  fame  et  ferro  amissis,  pacem  petivere.     Quum 
nonnulli  noinen   Atheniensium    delendum/   urbemque 
incendio  consumendam   censerent/  Spartani  negarunt, 
se  passuros,  ut  ex  duobus  Graeciae  ociilis  alter  erueretur ; 7 
pacem que  Atheniensibus  sunt  polliciti,  si  longi  muri  bra- 
cliia  dejicerent,8  navesque  traderent ;  denique  si  res  pub- 
lica  triginta  rectores,  ex  civibus  deligendos,  acciperet. 
His  legibus  acceptis,  tota  civitas  subito  mutari  coepit. 
Triginta  rectores  rei  publicae  constituuntur,  Lacedaemo- 
niis9  et  Lysandro  dediti,  qui  brevi  tyrannidem  in  cives 
exercere  coeperunt. 

1  545,  3.  4  295,  3.  7  495,  1. 

2  386,  2.  6  414,  4.  8  509. 

r3  569.  9  518,  IL  9  384. 

5 


88  LATIK   EEAJDLE, 

Thrasyl)ulus  occupies  PJiyle^  404  B.  C. 

228.  Quum  triginta  tyranni,  praepositi  a  Lacedae- 
moniis,  servitute    oppressas  tenerent  Athenas,  Thrasy- 
bulus  Phylen  *  confugit,  quod2  est  castellum  in  Attica 
muni tissi mum,  quum.  non  plus  secum  haberet,3  quam 
triginta  de  suis.     Hinc,  viribus  paulatim  auctis,  in  Pirae- 
um  transiit,4  Munychiamque  inunivit.     Hanc  bis  tyranni 
oppugnare  sunt  adorti,  ab  eaque  turpiter  repulsi  protinus 
in  urbem,  armis   impedimentisque   amissis,  refugerunt. 
In  secundo  proelio  cecidit5  Critias,  triginta  tyrannorum 
acemmus.6 

Epammondas. — Battle,  of  Leuctra,  371  B.  C. :  of  Mantinea^  362  B.  C. 

229.  Epaminondas,   dux  Thebanus,   apud  Leuctra 
superavit  Lacedaemonios.     Idem  imperator  apud  Man- 
tineam  graviter  vulneratus  concidit.7     Hujus  casu  ali- 
quantum8   retardati  sunt  Boeotii,   neque  tamen  prius 
pugna9  excesserunt,  quam10  liostes  profligarunt.11     At 
Epaminondas  quum  animadverteret,  mortiferum  se  vul- 
nus  accepisse,  simulque,  si  ferrum,  quod  ex  hastlli 12  in 
corpore  remanserat,  extraxisset,13  ammam  statim  emissu- 
rum,  usque  eo  retinuit,  quoad  renuntiatum  est,  vicisse 14 
Boeotios.     Id  postquam audlvit,  " Satis"  inquit,  u  vixi ; 
invietus  enim  morior"     Turn,  ferro  extracto,  confestim 
^xanirnatus  est. 


1  43,  379. 

6  163,  1. 

11  234. 

2  445,  4. 

7  254,  5. 

12  87,  H. 

1. 

3  518,  II. 

8  335,  4. 

13  533,  3. 

4  295,  3, 

9  434,  1. 

14  549. 

*280, 

10  523,  2,  2). 

GRECIAN   HISTORY.  89 


PERIOD  III. — GRAECO-MACEDONIAN  EMPIRE. 

FROM   THE  ACCESSION   OP   PHILIP   TO   THE   DEATH  OP   ALEXANDER,    323   B.  C. 

Decline  of  the  Grecian  States, — Rise  of  the  Macedonian  Power. 

230.  Post    Leuctricam    pugnam  Lacedaemonii  se 
nunquam  refecerunt ;  et  Thebae,  quod,1  quamdiu  Epa- 
minondas  praefuit  rei  publicae8  caput  fuit  totlus  Grae- 
eiae,  post  ejus  interitum  perpetuo  alieno  paruerunt  im- 
perio.     Athenienses,  non  ut  olim  in  classein  et  exercitum, 
sed  in  dies  festos  apparatusque  ludorum  reditus  publicos 
effundebant,  frequentiusque  in  theatris  quam  in  castris 
versabantur.     Quibus  rebus  effectum  est,  ut  obsctirum 
antea  Macedonum  nomen  emergeret ; 3  et  Philippus,  obses 
triennio4  Thebis  habitus  in  Epaminondae  domo,  hujus 
praestantissimi   Tiri    et  Pelopidae  virtutibus  erudltus, 
Graeciae  servitutis  jugum  imponeret. 

Extension  of  Philip* s  power. 

231,  Philippus,  quum  magnam  gloriam  apud  omnes 
nationes  adeptus  esset,6  Olynthios  aggreditur.     Hanc  ur- 
bem  antlquam  et  nobilem  exscindit,  etpraeda6  ingenti 
fruitur.     Inde  auraria  in  Thessalia,  argenti  metalla  in 
Thracia  occiipat.     His  ita  gestis,  forte  evenit,  ut  eum 
fratres  duo,  reges  Thraciae,  disceptationum  suarum  judi- 
cem 7  eligerent.3     Sed  Philippus  ad  judicium,  velut  ad 
bellum,  instructo  exercitu8  supervenit,  et  regno9  utrum- 
que  spoliavit. 


J445,  4.  4378,  1.  7  373. 

2  386.  5  282.  8  414,  7. 

3  495,  2.  6419,  I.  9419,  2. 


90  LATIN   EEADEE. 

Battle  of  Gharonea,  338  B.  O. 

232,  Quum,  in  Scythiam  praedandi'  causa  profec- 
tus,2   Scythas   dolo  vicisset,   diu   dissimulatum    bellum 
Atheniensibus  infert,8  quorum  causae  Thebani  se  junxe- 
runt.     Proelio  ad  Chaeroneam  commisso,  quum  Atheni- 
enses  longe  majore  militum  numero  praestarent,4  tamen 
assiduis  bellis 6  indurata  Macedonum  virtute  vincuntur. 
Non  tamen  immemores  pristinae  virtutis e  ceciderunt ; 
quippe  adversis  vulneribus7  omnes  loca,  quae  tuenda8  a 
ducibus  acceperant,  morientes  corporibus  texerunt.    Hie 
dies  universae  Graeciae  et 9  gloriam  dominationis  et  ve- 
tustissimam  libertatera  finlvit. 

Philip  prepares  to  invade  Persia. 

233,  Hujus  victoriae  callide  dissimulata  laetitia  est. 
Non  solita 10  sacra  Philippus  ilia  die  fecit ;  non  in  convi- 
vio  risit ; n  non  coronas  aut  unguenta  sumpsit ;  et,  quan- 
tum in  illo  fuit,  ita  vicit,  ut  victorem  nemo  sentiret.11 
Atheniensibus  et  captivos  gratis  rernisit,  et  bello  con- 
sumptorum 10  corpora  sepulturae  reddidit.     Compositis  in 
Graecia  rebus,  omnium  civitatum  legates  ad  formandum 
rerum  praesentium  statum 13  evocari  Corinthum 14  jubet. 
Ibi  pacis  leges  universae  Graeciae  pro  meritis  singularum 
civitatum  statuit,  conciliumque  omnium,  veluti  unum 
senatum,16  ex  omnibus  legit.     Auxilia  deinde  singularum 
civitatum  describuntur ;  nee  dubium  erat,  eum  Persa- 
rum  imperium  et  suis  et  Graeciae  viribus  impugnaturum 
esse. 


663. 

e  399,  2,  2). 

11  269. 

282. 

7  428. 

12  494. 

292,  2. 

8  578,  V. 

13  565,  1. 

518,  I. 

*  587,  I.  5. 

M  379. 

414,  4. 

10  575. 

15  363. 

GRECIAN    HISTORY.  91 

Death  of  Philip,  33C  R  C. 

234.  Interea  duin  auxilia  e  Graecia  coeunt,1  imptias 
Cleopatrae  filiae,  et  Alexandri,  quern  regem  Eplri  fece- 
rat,  magno  apparatu 2  celebrat.     Ubi  quum  Pliilippus 
ad  ludos   spectandos,  medius   inter   duos   Alexandras, 
iilium  et  generum,  eontenderet,3  Pausanias,  nobilis  ex 
Macedonibus  adolescens,  occupatis  angustiis,  Pliilippum 
in  transitu  obtruncat.     Hie  ab  Attalo  indigno  modo 
tractatus,  quum  saepe  querelam  ad  Philippum  frustra 
detulisset,4  et  lionoratum  insiiper  adversarium  videret, 
iram  in  ipsum  Pliilippum  vertit,  ultionemque,  quam  ab 
adversario  non  poterat,  ab  iniquo  judice  exegit. 

Alexander  the  Great  succeeds  to  the  Macedonian  Throne,  336  B.C. 

235,  Pliilippo 5  Alexander  filius  $uccessit5  et  virtute6 
et  vitiis  patre  major.     Vineendi  ratio  utiique 7  diversa. 
Hie  8  aperta  vi,  ille  artibus  bella  tractabat.     Deceptis 9 
"ille  gaudere10  liostibus,11  hie  palam  fusis.     Prudentior 
ille  consilio,  hie  animo  magnificentior.12     Iram  pater  dis- 
simulare,  plerunique  etiam  vincere  ;  hie  ubi  exarsisset,13 
nee  dilatio  ultionis,  nee  modus  erat.      Vini14  uterque 
nimis  avidus ;  sed  ebrietatis  diversa  ratio.     Pater  de  con- 
vivio  in  hostem  procurrere,  manum  conserere,  periciilis 
se  temere  offerre  ;  Alexander  non  in  hostem,  sed  in  suos 
saevire.     Eegnare  ille  cum  amicis  volebat ;  hie  in  amicos 
regna  exercebat.     Amari  pater  malle,  hie  metui.     Lit- 
terarum  cultus  utiique  sirnilis.      Sollertiae  16  pater  ma- 
joris,  hie  fidei.     Yerbis  atque  oratione  Philippus,  hie 


295,  3. 

6  429. 

Ji  414,  2. 

414,  3. 

7  387. 

12  164. 

518,  II. 

«  450,  2,1). 

13  486,  5. 

292,  2. 

9  580. 

14  399,  2,  2). 

386. 

10  545,  1. 

15  401,  403. 

92  LATIN   READER. 

rebus  moderation  Pareendi  victis l  lilio  animus  promp- 
tior ;  ille  nee  sociis 2  abstincbat.  Frugalitati  pater,  lux- 
uriae  filius  inagis  deditus  erat.  Quibus3  artibus  orbis 
imperil  fimdamenta  pater  jecit,  operis  totlus  gloriam 
filius  consummavit. 

Beginning  of  Alexanders  Reign. 

235.  Imperio  suscepto,  prima  Alexandro  cura  pater- 
narum  exsequiarum  fuit ;  in  quibus  ante  omnia  caedis 4 
conscios  ad  tumulum  patris  occldi  jussit.  Inter  initia 
regni  multas  gentes  rebellantes  compescuit ; B  orientes 
nonnullas  seditiones  exstinxit.  Deinde  ad  Persieum 
bellum  proficiscens,  patrimonium  omne  suum,  quod  in 
Macedonia  et  Europa  habebat,  amicis  divisit ;  sibi 6 
Asiam  sufficere  praefatus.7  Nee  exercitui8  alius  quani 
regi  animus  fuit.  Quippe  omnes  obllti  conjugum9  libe- 
rorumque,  et  longinquae  a  domo  militiae,  nihil  cogi- 
tabant  nisi  Orientis  opes.  Quum  delati 10  in  Asiam 
essent,  primus  J1  Alexander  jaeiilum  velut  in  hostllem 
terram  jecit ;  armatusque  de  navi 12  tripudianti 13  simflis 
prosiluit,"  atque  ita  hostias  caedit,  precatus,  ne  se  regem 
illae  terrae  invltae 16  aceipiant.18  In  Ilio  quoque  ad  tu- 
mulos  heroum,17  qui  Trojano  bello  ceciderant,  parentavit. 

Battle  of  the  Granicus,  33-1  B.  O. 

237.  Inde  liostem  petens  milites  a  populatione  Asiae 
proliibuit,  parcendum  18  suis  rebus  praefatus,  nee  per- 


1  385,  575. 

7  297,  II.  3. 

13  575,  891,  1. 

5  425,  2. 

8  887. 

14  284,  I. 

3  453. 

9  406. 

15  443,  1. 

4  399,  2,  2). 

10  292,  2. 

16  492,  3. 

6  276,  11.  1. 

n  442,  1. 

"  72,  3. 

6  386. 

M  87,  III.  1. 

18  545,  3. 

GBECIAN    HISTORY.  93 

dendcc  ea^  quae  possessuri 1  venerint.  In  exercitu  ejus 
fuere  peditum  triginta  duo  millia,  equitum  quattuor 
millia  quingenti,  naves  centum  octoginta  duae.  Hae 
tarn  parva  manu  universurn  terrarurn  orbem2  vincere 
est  aggressus.  Quum  ad  tarn  periculosuni  bellum  exer- 
citum  legeret,3  non  juvenes  robustos,  sed  veteranos,  qui 
cum  patre  patruisque  militaverant,  elegit :  lit  non  tarn 
milites,  quam  magistros  militiae  electos  putares.4  Prima 
cum  lioste  congressio  in  campis  Adrastlae  fait.  In  acie 
Persarum  sexcenta  millia  militum  fuerunt,  quae  non 
minus  arte  Alexandri  quam  virtute  Macedonum  super- 
ata,  terga  Terterunt.  Itaque  magna  caedes  Persarum 
fuit.  De  exercitu  Alexandri  novem  pedites,  centum 
yiginti  equates  cecidere ;  quos  rex  magnif  ice  humatos 
statuis  equestribus  donavit ;  cognatis  eorum  autem  im- 
munitates  dedit.  Post  victoriam  major5  pars  Asiae  ad 
eum  defecit.  Habuit  et  plura6  proelia  cum  praefectis 
Darli,  quos  jam  non  tarn  armis,  quam  terrore  nominis 
sui  yicit. 

Battle  oflssus,  333  B.  C. 

238.  Interea  Darius  cum  quadringentis  millibus 
peditum  ac  centum  millibus  equitum  in  aciem  procedit. 
Commisso  proelio,  Alexander  non  ducis  magis  quam 
militis  munia7  exsequebatur.  Macedones  cum  rege 
ipso  in  equitum  agmen  irrumpunt.  Turn  vero  similis 
rulnae  strages  erat.  Circa  currum  Darli  jacebant  nobi- 
lissimi  duces,  ante  ociilos  regis  egregia  morte8  defuncti. 
Jamque  qui  Darlum  vehebant  equi,  confossi  hastis  et 
dolore  efferati,  jugum  quatere  et  regem  curru"  excutere 

1  678,  V.  4  486,  4.  7  131,  4.) 

•  106,  2.  6  165.  8  419,  I. 

8  518,  II.  6  165,  1.  f  434,  1, 


94  LATIN   BEADEE. 

coeperant :  quuin  ille,  veritus  ne  vivtis  venlret !  in  lios- 
tium  potestatein,  desflit/  et  in  equum,  qui  ad  hoc  ipsum 
sequebatur,  imponitur.  Turn  vero  ceteri  dissipanttir 
metu.  Inter  captives  castrorum  mater  et  uxor  et  filiae 
duae  Darli  fuere :  in  quas  Alexander  ita  se  gessit,3  ut 
omnes  ante  eum  reges  et  continentia4  et  dementia 
vinceret/ 

Alexander  in  Egypt,  332  B.  C. — He  visits  the  Temple  of  Jupiter 
Amman. 

239.  Aegyptii,  olim  Persarum  opibus  infensi,  Alex- 
andrum  laeti6  receperunt.  A  Memphi7  rex  in  interiora8 
penetrat ;  compositisque  rebus  ita,  ut  nihil  ex  patrio 
Aegyptiorum  more  mutaret,  adire  Jovis  Ammonis  ora- 
ciilum9  statuit.  Quatriduo  per  vastas  solitudines  ab- 
sumpto,  tandem  ad  sedem  consecratam  deo18  ventum 
est,11  undique  ambientibus  ramis  contectam.  Eegem  pro> 
plus  adeuntem  maximus  natu12  e  sacerdotibus  FILIUM  ap- 
pellat,  hoc  nomen  illi  parentem  Jovem  redder  e  aflSirmans. 
Ille  se  vero  et  accipere  ait 13  et  agnoscere,  humanae  sor- 
tis14  oblitus.  Consiilit  deinde,  an  totius  orbis  imperium 
sibi  destinaret J5  PATEE.  Aeque  in  adulationem  composi- 
tus,  terrarum  omnium  rectorem  fore  ostendit.  Post  haec 
institit  quaerere,  an  omnes  parentis  sui  interfectores 
poenas  dedissent.  Sacerdos  PAEENTEM  ejus  negat  ulllus 
scelere  posse  violari,  PHILIPPI  autem  omnes  luisse  sup- 
plicia.  Sacrificio  deinde  facto,  dona  et  sacerdotibus  et 
deo  data,16  permissumque  amicis,  ut  ipsi  quoque  consu- 
lerent  "  Jovem.  Nihil  amplius  quaesiverunt,  quam  an 


1  492,  4. 

87,  II.  3  ;  85,  1. 

13  297,  II.  1. 

2  467,  III. 

441,  1. 

14  406,  II. 

3  273,  I.  ;  248,  1.5. 

371,  4. 

15  525. 

4  429. 

°384. 

16  460,  3. 

6  494. 

301,  3. 

17  492. 

c  443,  1. 

168,  3. 

GRECIAN   HISTORY.  95 

auctor  esset  sibi  divlnis  lionoribus  colendi.1  suum  regem. 
Hoc  quoque  acceptum  fore  Jovi a  vates  respondit.  Eex 
ex  Ammone  rediens3  elegit  urbi  locum,  ubi  nunc  est 
Alexandria,  appellationem  traliens  ex  nomine  auctoris. 

Darius  makes  his  last  proposals  of  Peace. 

240,  Jam  Darius  pervenerat  Arbela*  vicum,  nobi- 
lem  sua  clade  facturus.    Raro  in  ullo  proelio  tantum 
sanguinis5  fusum  est.     Tandem  Darli  aurlga,  qui  ante 
ipsum  sedens  equos  regebat,  hasta  transfixus  est ;  nee 
aut  Persae  ant  Macedones  dubitavere,  quin  ipse  rex  esset 
occisus.6     Cedere7  Persae,  et  laxare  ordmes ;  jamque  non 
pugna,  sed  caedes  erat,  quum  Darius  quoque  currum 
suum  in  fugam  vertit ;  victor!  Alexandro  Asiae  impe- 
rium  obtigit.8 

Disturbances  in  Greece. 

241,  Dum  haec  in  Asia  gerebantur,  Graecia  fere 
omnis,  spe  recuperandae  libertatis/  ad  armai  concurrerat, 
auctoritatem  Lacedaemoniorum  secuta.    Dux  hujus  belli 
Agis,  rex  Lacedaemoniorum,  fuit.    Quern9  motum  Anti- 
pater,  dux 10  ab  Alexandro  in  Macedonia  relictus,  in  ipso 
ortu  oppressit.     Magna  tamen  utrimque  caedes  fuit. 
Agis  rex,  quum  suos  terga  dantes  videret,  dimissis  satel- 
litibus11  ut   Alexandro  felicitate,  non  virtute  inferior 
videretur,"  tantam  stragem  hostium  edidit,13  ut  agmina 
interdurn  fugaret.    Ad  postremum,  etsi  a  multitudino 
victus,  gloria  tamen  omnes  vicit. 


J663. 

6  498. 

J0  362,  3. 

3  391. 

7  545,  1. 

"70. 

8  295,  3. 

8  254,  5  ;  280, 

M491. 

4  379. 

9  453. 

"280. 

§  396,  III. 

96  LATIN   KEADEE, 

Alexander  invades  India. 

242.  Post  liaec  Indiam  petit,  ut  Oceano  finlret  im> 
perium.      Cui  gloriae  ut  etiam  exercitus  ornamenta  con- 
venirent,  phaleras  equorum  et  arma  militum  argento 
inducit.     Quum  ad  Nysam  urbem  venisset,  oppidanis1 
non  repugnantibus  parci  jussit. 

Alexander  returns  to  Babylon,  324  E.  C. 

243.  Ab  ultimis2  oris  Oceani  Babyloniam  reversus, 
convivium  solemniter  instituit.     Ibi  quum  totus 3  in  lae- 
titiam  effusus  esset,  recedentem  jam  e  convivio  Medius 
Thessalus,  instaurata  comissatione  invitat.     Accepto  po- 
ciilo,   inter  bibendum4   veliiti  telo   confixus  ingerauit, 
elatusque  e  convivio  semianimis,  tanto  dolore  cruciatus 
est,  ut  ferrum  in  remedia  posceret.5    Yenenum  accepisse 
creditur. 

Death  of  Alexander,  323  B.  C. 

244.  Quarta,    die  Alexander  indubitatam  mortem 
sentiens3  agnoscere  se  fatum  domus  majorum  sudrum, 
ait,  namplerosque  Aeaciddrum  intra  triceslmum  annum 
defunctos.    T  uinultuantes  deinde  milites,  insidiis  periisse 8 
regem  suspicantes,  ipse  sedavit,  eosque  omnes  ad  con- 
spectum  suum  admisit,  osculandamque 7  dextram  por- 
rexit.8     Quum  lacriniarent 9  omnes,  ipse  non  sine  lacrimis 
tantum,  verum  etiarn  sine  ullo  tristioris  mentis  argu- 
mento  fuit.     Ad  postremum  corpus  suum  in  Ammonis 
templo  condi  jubet.     Quum  deficere  eum  amlci  viderent, 
quaerunt,  quern  imperil   faciat  heredem ; 10   respondit, 

1  385.  6  494.  8  260,  1,  1). 

2  166.  6  295,  3.  p  518,  L 

3  443.  7  578,  V.  10  373. 

4  565,1. 


GBECIAN   HISTORY.  97 

Dignissimwn.  Hac  yoce  omnes  amicos  suos  ad  aemu- 
lam  regni  cupiditatem  aceendit.  Sexta  die,  praeclusa 
voce,  exemptum  digito1  annulum  Perdiccae  tradidit, 
quae  res  gliscentem  amicorum  discordiam  sedavit.  Nam 
etsi  non  voce  nuncupatus  heres,2  judicio  tamen  electus 8 
esse  videbatur. 

Remarks  on  ilie  character  of  Alexander. 

245,  Decessit  Alexander  mensem  unum  tres  et  tri- 
ginta  annos 4  natns,  vir  supra  humamim  modum  vi &  ani- 
mi  praeditus.  Omina  quaedam  magnitudinem  ejus  in 
ipso  ortu  portendisse  existimabantur.  Quo  die  natus 
est,  pater  ejus  nuntium  duarum  victoriarum  accepit; 
alterius,  belli  Illyrici,  alterius,  certaminis  Olympiad,  in 
quod  quadrlgas  miserat.  Puer  acerrimis  litterarum  stu- 
diis  eruditus  fuit.  Exacta  pueritia,  per  quinquennium 
Aristotele,  philosopho  praestantissimo,  usus  est  magistro. 
Accepto  tandem  imperio  tantam  militibus  suis  iiduciam 
fecit,  ut,  illo  praesente,  nullius  hostis  arma  timerent.8 
Itaque  cum  nullo  hoste  unquam  congressus  est,  quern 
non  yicerit ; 7  nullam  urbem  obsedit,  quam  non  expug- 
naverit.  Victus  denique  est  non  virtute  hostili,  Bed  in- 
sidiis  suorum  et  fraude. 

1  434,  1.  4  378.  6  494. 

3  362,  3.  6  419,  IH.  T  601,1. 

3  547. 


SUGGESTIONS  TO  THE  LEARNER 


I.  The  preparation  of  a  Beading  Lesson  in  Latin  involves 

1.  A  knowledge  of  the  Meaning  of  the  Latin. 

2.  A  knowledge  of  the  Structure  of  the  Latin  Sentences. 

3.  A  translation  into  English. 

MEANING  OF  THE  LATIN. 

II.  Kemember  that  almost  every  inflected  word  in  a  Latin  sen- 
tence requires  the  use  of  both  the  Dictionary  and  the  Grammar  to 
ascertain  its  meaning. 

The  Dictionary  gives  the  meaning  of  the  word  without  reference  to  its  Grammati- 
cal properties  of  case,  number,  mood,  tense,  etc.,  and  the  Grammar,  the  meaning  of  the 
endings  which  mark  those  properties.  The  Dictionary  will  give  the  meaning  of 
mensa,  a  table,  but  not  of  mensdrum,  of  tables ;  the  Grammar  alone  will  give  the  force 
of  the  ending  arum. 

III.  Make  yourself  so  familiar  with  all  the  endings  of  inflection, 
with  their  exact  form  and  force,  whether  in  declension  or  conjuga- 
tion, that  you  will  not  only  readily  distinguish  the  different  parts 
of  speech  from  each  other,  but  also  the  different  forms  of  the  same 
word  with  their  exact  and  distinctive  force. 

IV.  In  taking  up  a  Latin  sentence, 

1.  Notice  carefully  the  endings  of  the  several  words,  and  thus 
determine  which  words  are  nouns,  which  verbs,  etc. 

2.  Observe  the  force  of  each  ending,  and  thus  determine  case, 
number,  wice,  mood,  tense,  etc. 

This  will  be  found  to  be  a  very  important  step  toward  the  mastery  of  the  sentence. 
By  this  means  you  will  discover  not  only  the  relation  of  the  words  to  each  other,  but 
also  an  important  part  of  their  meaning,  that  which  they  derive  from  their  endings. 

Y.  The  key  to  the  meaning  of  any  simple  sentence  (345,  I.)  will 
be  found  in  the  simple  subject  and  predicate,  i.  e.,  in  the  Nominative 
and  its  Verb.  Hence  in  looking  out  the  sentence,  observe  the  fol- 
lowing order.  Take 

1 .  The  Subject,  or  Nominative. 


100  LATIN   READEE. 

The  ending  will  in  most  instances  enable  you  to  distinguish  this  from  all  otter 
words,  except  the  adjectives  which  agree  with  it.  These  may  be  looked  out  at  the 
same  time  with  the  subject. 

Sometimes  the  subject  is  not  expressed,  but  only  implied,  in  the  ending  of  the  verb. 
It  may  then  be  readily  supplied,  as  it  is  always  a  pronoun  of  such  person  and  number 
as  the  verb  indicates;  as,  audio,  I  hear,  the  ending  io  showing  that  the  subject  is  ego ; 
audilis,  you  hear,  the  ending  itis  showing  that  the  subject  is  vos. 

2.  The  Verb,  with  Predicate  Noun  or  Adjective,  if  any. 

This  will  be  readily  known  by  the  ending.  Now  combining  this  with  the  Subject, 
you  will  have  an  outline  of  the  sentence.  Ail  the  other  words  must  now  be  associated 
with  these  two  parts. 

3.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Subject,  i.  e.,  adjectives  agreeing  with  it, 
nominatives  in  apposition  with  it,  genitives  dependent  upon  it,  etc. 

But  perhaps  some  of  these  have  already  been  looked  out  im  the  attempt  to  ascertain 
the  subject. 

In  looking  out  these  words,  bear  In  mind  the  meaning  of  the  subject  to  which  they 
belong.  This  will  greatly  aid  you  in  selecting  from  the  dictionary  the  true  meaning  in 
the  passage  before  you. 

4.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Verb,  i.  e.,  (1)  Oblique  cases,  Accusatives, 
Datives,  etc.,  dependent  upon  it,  and  (2)  Adverbs  qualifying  it. 

Bear  in  mind  all  the  while  the  force  of  the  case  and  the  meaning  of  the  verb,  that 
you  may  be  able  to  select  for  each  word  the  true  meaning  in  the  passage  before  you. 

VI.  In  complex  and  compound  sentences  (345,  II.,  III.),  dis- 
cover first  the  connectives  which  unite  the  several  members,  and 
then  proceed  with  each  member  as  with  a  simple  sentence. 

VII.  In  the  use  of  Dictionary  and  Vocabulary,  remember  that 
you  are  not  to  look  for  the  particular  form  which  occurs  in  the  sen- 
tence, but  for  the  Nom.  Sing,  of  nouns,  adjectives,  and  pronouns, 
and  for  the  First  Pers.  Sing.  Pres.  Indie.  Act.  of  Verbs.    Therefore, 

1.  In  Pronouns,  make  yourself  so  familiar  with  their  declension, 
that  any  oblique  case  will  at  once  suggest  the  Norn.  Sing. 

If  voMs  occurs,  you  must  remember  that  the  Nom.  Sing,  is  tu. 

2.  In  Nouns  and  Adjectives,  make  yourself  so  familiar  with  the 
case-endings,  that  you  will  be  able  to  drop  that  of  the  given  case, 
and  substitute  for  it  that  of  the  Nom.  Sing. 

Thus,  mcnsibus;  stem  men «,  Norn.  Sing,  mensts,  which  you  will  find  ia  the  Vo- 
cabulary. So  urbm,  urb,  urls. 


SUGGESTIONS   TO   THE   LEARNER.  101 

3.  In  Verbs,  change  the  ending  of  the  given  form  into  that  of  the 
First  Pers.  Sing,  of  the  Pres.  Indie.  Act. 

Thus,  amdbat ;  stem  am,  First  Pers.  Sing.  Pres.  Indie.  Act  amo,  which  you  will 
find  in  the  Vocabulary.  So  sm&verunt ;  First  Pers.  Perf.  amaw',  Perf.  stem  amav, 
Verb  stem  am  ;  amo. 

To  illustrate  the  steps  recommended  in  the  preceding  suggestions,  we  add  tho 
following 

Model. 
VIII.  Themistocles  imperator  servitude  totam  Graeciam  liberavit. 

1.  Without  knowing  the  meaning  of  the  words,  you  will  discover  from 
their  forms, 

1)  That  Themistocles  and  imperator  QTQ  probably  nouns  in  the  Nona.  Sing. 

2)  That  servitute  is  a  noun  in  the  Abl.  Sing. 

S)  That  totam  and  Graeciam  are  either  nouns  or  adjectives  in  the  Accus. 
Sing. 

4)  That  liberdmt  is  a  verb  in  the  Act.  voice,  Indie,  mood,  Perf.  tense, 
Third  Person,  Singular  number. 

2.  Now,  turning  to  the  Vocabulary  for  the  meaning  of  the  words,  you 
will  learn, 

1)  That  Themistocles  is  the  name  of    an  eminent  Athenian  general: 
THEMISTOCLES. 

2)  That  libero,  for  which  you  must  look,  not  for  liberdmt,  means  to  liber* 
ate  :  LIBERATED. 

Themistocles  liberated. 

3)  That  imperator  means  commander  /  THE  COMMANDER. 

Themistocles,  the  commander,  liberated. 

4)  That  Graeciam  is  the  name  of  a  country :  GREECE. 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  Greece. 

5)  That  totus  means  the  whole,  all :  ALL. 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  all  Greece. 

6)  That  sermtus  means  servitude  :  FROM  SERVITUDE. 

Themistocles  the  commander  liberated  all  Greece  from  servitude. 


STRUCTURE  OF  THE  LATIN  SENTENCE. 

IX.  The  structure  of  a  sentence  is  best  shown  by  analyzing  it 
and  parsing  the  words  which  compose  it. 

Analysis. 

X.  Tell  whether  the  sentence  is  simple,  complex,  or  compound. 

XL  In  analyzing  a  Simple  sentence  (345,  I.),  name, 
1.  The  Subject  and  Predicate,  (1)  in  the  simple  form,  and  (2)  in 
the  complex  form  (347,  350). 


102  LATIN   HEADER. 

2.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Subject,  (1)  in  tho  simple  form,  and  (2) 
in  the  complex  form  (352). 

3.  The  Modifiers  of  the  Predicate,  (1)  in  the  simple  form,  and 
(2)  in  the  complex  form  (354-356). 

If  the  Modifiers  are  complex,  the  analysis  may  be  continued  till  all  complex  elo- 
ments  arc  explained. 

Model. 

XII.  In  his  castris  Cluilius,  Albanus  rex,  moritur.      Cluilius, 
the  Allan  Icing,  dies  in  this  camp. 

1.  This  is  a  simple  sentence. 

2.  Clwlius  is  the  simple  subject,  and  moritur,  the  simple  predicate. 
Cluilius  Albanus  rex,  is  the  complex  subject,  and  in  his  castris  moritur  is 
the  complex  predicate. 

3.  Rex  is  the  simple  modifier  of  the  subject  Cluilius,  and  Albanus  rex, 
the  complex  modifier,  as  rex  is  modified  by  Albanus. 

4.  In  castris  is  the  simple  modifier  of  the  predicate  morUur,  showing 
where  he  dies,  and  in  his  castris  is  the  complex  modifier,  as  castris  is  modi- 
fied by  his. 

XIII.  In  analyzing  a  Complex  sentence  (345,  II.), 

1.  Name  the  sentence,  or  clause,1  used  as  an  element  in  it  with 
its  connective  (357). 

2.  Analyze  the  sentence  as  a  whole,  like  a  simple  sentence. 

3.  Analyze  the  subordinate  clause  (345,  2). 

Model. 

XIY.  Donee  eris  felix,  multos  numerabis  amicos.    So  long  as 
you  are  prosperous,  you  will  number  many  friends,, 

1.  This  is  a  complex  sentence. 

2.  Donee  eris  felix,  is  a  clause  introduced  as  a  modifier  of  numerdbis, 
showing  when  you  will  number. 

3.  Tu,  implied  in  numerabis,  is  the  subject ;  numerabis  is  the  simple 
predicate,  donee  eris  felix,  multos  numerabis  amicos  is  the  complex  predicate. 

4.  Amicos  is  the  simple  object  of  the  predicate  numerabis,  and  multoB 
amicos  the  complex  object.    Donee  eris  felix  is  the  adverbial  modifier  of  the 
predicate. 

5.  Donee  eris  felix  is  a  simple  sentence,  with  the  connective  donee.     Tu, 
implied  in  eris,  is  the  subject,  and  eris  felix,  the  predicate,  eris  being  the 
copula  (353)  andfetix  the  predicate  adjective. 

1  If  the  sentence  is  abridged,  show  wherein  (358, 859> 


SUGGESTIONS   TO   THE   LEARNER,  103 

XV.  In  analyzing  a  Compound  sentence  (345,  III.)> 

1.  Separate  it  into  its  members  and  name  the  connectives.1 

2.  Analyze  each  member  as  a  separate  sentence. 

Model. 

XVI.  Sol  ruit  et  montes  umbrantur. 

The  sun  descends  and  the  mountains  are  shaded. 

1.  This  is  a  compound  sentence  (345,  III.). 

2.  The  members  are  sol  ruit  and  montes  umbrantur,  connected  by  tha 
conjunction  et. 

3.  The  members  are  simple  sentences,  and  are  analyzed  accordingly. 

Parsing. 

XVII.  In  parsing  a  word, 

1.  Name  the  Part  of  Speech  to  which  it  belongs. 

2.  Inflect 2  it,  if  capable  of  inflection. 

3.  Give  its  gender,  number,  case,  voice,  mood,  tenso,  person, 
etc.3 

4.  Give  its  Syntax  and  the  Kule  for  it.4 

Model. 

XVIII.  Komani  ab  aratro  abduxerunt  Cincinnfitum,  nt  dictator 
esset,  The  Romans  took  Cincinnatus  from  the  plough,  that  he  might 
"be  dictator. 

1.  JRomdni  is  B.n  adjective  :  JRomdnus,  a,  um,  STEM,  Roman ;  decline  (148). 
It  is  in  the  Nom.  Plur.  Masc.t  is  used  substantively  (441),  and  is  the  subject  of 
dbduxerunt.    Give  Rule  III. 

2.  Abduxerunt  is  an  active  verb  :  ab-duco,  ab-ducere,  ab-duxi,  ab-ductum, 
compounded  of  ab  and  duco  (313,  II.);  STEM,  ab-duc,  PERFECT  STEM,  ab-dux. 
Give  synopsis  of  the  mood  (218,  I.  2).    Inflect  the  tense,  i.  e.,  the  Indicative 
Perf.  Act.  (209).    It  is  in  the  Active  voice,  Indie,  mood,  Per/,  tense,  Third 
person,  Plur.  number,  and  agrees  with  JRomdni.     Give  Rule  XXXV. 

3.  Cindnndtum  is  a  Proper  noun  (31,  1),  of  the  Second  Decl. ;  STEM 


1  If  the  sentence  is  abridged,  name  the  compound  elements. 
3  Inflect,  i.  e.,  decline,  compare  or  conjugate. 

3  That  is,  such  of  these  properties  as  it  possesses. 

4  No  special  Rule  is  deemed  necessary  for  Prepositions,  Conjunctions,  or  Interjec- 
tions.   Prepositions  are  provided  for  by  the  rule  for  Oases  with  Prepositions.    Con- 
junctions   are   mere    connectives,  and    are    quite    fully  explained    under    Moods. 
Interjections  are  only  expressions  of  emotion,  or  mere  marks  of  address,  explained 
under  Cases. 


Zp-or  THK^^ 
[UJM7EESIT7] 


104  LATIN   READER. 

Cincinnatf  decline  (45),  used  only  in  the  singular  (100,  1).     It  is  in  the 
Accus.  Sing.  Masc.,  and  is  the  direct  object  of  dbdux'erunt.     Give  Rule  V. 

4.  Ab  is  a  preposition  used  with  the  Abl.  Ardtro. 

5.  Ardtro  is  a  noun  of  the  Second  Decl. ;  STEM  aratr  ;  decline  (45).     It  is 
in  the  Abl.  Sing.  Neut.y  and  is  used  with  the  Prep.  db.     Give  Rule  XXXII. 

6.  Ut  is  a  conjunction  of  purpose  (491),  connecting  abduxerunt  and  esset. 

7.  Esset  is  an  intransitive  verb :  sum,  esse.fui  (204).     Give  synopsis  of  the 
moody  and  inflect  the  tense,  i.  e.,  Subj.  Imperf.    It  is  in  the  Subj.  mood,  Im- 
perf.  tense,  Thirti  person,  Sing,  number,  and  agrees  with  the  pronoun  is, 
he,  implied  in  the  ending  (460,  2).     Give  Rule  XXXV. 

8.  Dictator  is  a  noun  of  the  Third  Decl. ;  STEM  dictator  ;  decline  (51,  II.). 
It  is  in  the  Aiom.  Sing.  Masc.t  and  agrees,  as  Predicate  noun,  with  the 
omitted  subject  of  esset*     Give  Rule  I. 

TRANSLATION. 

XIX.  In  translating,  render  as  literally  as  possible  without  doing 
violence  to  the  English. 

In  many  important  idioms  of  the  Latin,  a  literal  translation  would  not 
only  fail  to  do  justice  to  the  original,  but  would  also  be  a  gross  perversion 
of  the  mother-tongue.  The  following  suggestions  are  intended  to  aid  the 
pupil  in  disposing  of  such  cases ;  but  even  in  these,  it  is  earnestly  recom- 
mended that  he  should  first  construe  literally,  in  order  that  he  may  be  made 
to  feel  the  force  of  the  Latin  construction  before  attempting  a  translation. 

Participles. 

XX.  These  are  much  more  extensively  used  in  Latin  than  in 
English ;  hence  the  frequent  necessity,  in  translating  them,  of  devi- 
ating from  the  Latin  construction.  They  may  generally  be  rendered 
in  some  one  of  the  following  ways 1  (571-581) : 

1.  Literally: 

Pyrrhus  proelio  fusus  a  Tarento  rccessit,  PyrrJius  Jiaving  been  defeated 
in  battle  withdrew  from  Tarentum. 

2.  By  a  Relative  Clause : 

Omnes  aliud  agentes*,  aliud  sirnulantes  improbi  sunt,  All  wTio  do  one 
tiling  and  pretend  anotJier  are  disJionest. 

3.  By  a  Clause  with  a  Conjunction : 


1  The  pupil  must  early  learn  to  determine  from  the  context  the  appropriate  render- 
Ing  in  each  instance. 


SUGGESTIONS   TO  THE  LEARNER.  105 

1).  With  a  Conjunction  of  Time, — while,  when,  after,  etc. 

Uva  maturuta  dulcescit,  The  grape,  when  it  has  ripened  (having  ripened), 

lecomes  sweet. 

2).  With,  a  Conjunction  of  Cause,  Keason,  Manner, — as,  for, 
since,  etc. 

Millies  perfidiam  veriti  revertSrunt,  The  soldiers  returned,  because  they 
feared  perfidy. 

8).  With  a  Conjunction  of  Condition, — if. 
Accusatus  damnabitur,  If  he  is  accused,  he  will  be  condemned. 

.     4).  With  a  Conjunction  of  Concession, — though,  although. 

Urbem  acerrime  defensam  cepit,  He  took  the  city,  though  it  was  valiantly 
defended,  or  though  valiantly  defended. 

4.  B y  a  Verbal  Noun : 

Ad  Romam  condltam,  to  the  founding  of  Rome,  lit.  to  Rome  founded.  Ab 
urbe  condita,  from  the  founding  of  the  city.  Post  reges  exactos,  after  the 
expulsion  of  the  kings. 

5.  By  a  Verb : 

Rex  ei  benigne  recepto  filiam  dedit,  The  "king  received  him  "kindly  and 
gave  him  his  daughter,  lit.  gave  his  daughter  to  him  kindly  received. 

XXI.  Participles  with  non  or  nihil  are  sometimes  best  rendered 
by  Participial  nouns  dependent  upon  without : 

NOD  ridens,  without  laughing. 

XXII.  Future  Participles  are  sometimes  best  rendered  by  Infini- 
tives, or  by  Participial  Nouns  with/br  the  purpose  of: 

Rediit  belli  casum  tentaturus,  He  returned  to  try  (about  to  try)  the  for- 
tune of  war. 

XXIII.  The  Ablative  Absolute  is  sometimes  best  rendered  (1) 
by  a  Clause  with, — when,  while,  after,  for,  since,  if,  though,  etc., 
(2)  by  a  Noun  with  a  Preposition, — in,  during,  after,  ~by,  from, 
through,  etc.,  or  (3)  by  on.  Active  Participle  with  its  Object  : 

Servio  regnante,  while  Servius  reigned,  or  in  the  reign  of  Servius  (lit. 
Servius  reigning).  Duce  Fabio,  under  the  command  of  Fdbius  (lit.  Fabius 
being  commander). 

Sometimes,  as  in  the  last  example,  a  word  denoting  the  doer  of  an  action  can  be 
best  rendered  by  the  word  which  denotes  the  thing  done.  Thus,  instead  of  com- 
wander,  consul,  king,  we  have  command,  consulship,  reign. 


106  LATIN   KEADEE. 

Subjunctive. 
XXIV.  This  may  be  rendered  as  follows : 

1.  With  the  Potential  signs,  may,  can,  might,  could,  icouldt 
should  (485) : 

Forsitan  quaeratis,  Perhaps  you  may  inquire.  Hoc  nemo  dixSrit,  No  on* 
would  say  this. 

2.  By  the  English  Indicative.     This  is  generally  the  best  ren- 
dering 

1)  In  clauses  denoting  Cause,  or  Time  and  Cause  (5 IT,  521) : 

Quum  vita  metus  plena  sit,  since  life  is  full  of  fear.  Quum  Romam 
renisset,  when  he  had  come  to  Rome. 

2)  In  Indirect  Questions  (525)  : 

Quaeritur,  cur  dissentiant,  It  is  aslced  why  they  disagree. 

3)  In  the  Subjunctive  by  Attraction  (527) : 

Vereor,  ne,  dum  minuere  velim  laborem,  augeam,  I  fear  I  shall  inwease 
the  labor,  while  I  wish  to  diminish  it. 

4)  In  the  Subordinate  Clauses  of  Indirect  Discourse  (531)  : 

Hippias  gloriatus  est,  annulum  quern  habSret  se  sua  manu  confecisse, 
Hippias  boosted  that  he  had  made  with  his  own  hand  the  ring  which  he  wore 
(had). 

5)  In  Relative    Clauses  defining    indefinite  antecedents,   and 
sometimes  in  clauses  denoting  result  (501,  494,  495)  : 

Sunt  qui  putent,  there  are  some  icho  think.  Ita  vixit  ut  Athenienslbus 
esset  carissimus,  He  so  lived,  that  he  was  very  dear  to  the  Athenians. 

6)  Sometimes  in  Conditional    and  Concessive  clauses,  and  in 
clauses  with  Quin  and  Quominm  (510,  515,  498,  499) : 

Dum  metuant,  if  only  (provided)  they  fear.  Si  voluisset,  dimicasset,  If 
he  had  wished,  he  would  have  fought.  Ut  desint  vires,  tamen  est  laudanda 
voluntas,  Though  the  strength  fails,  still  the  will  should  be  approved.  Adesi 
nemo,  quin  videat,  There  is  no  one  present  who  does  not  see. 

3.  By  the  Infinitive.     This  is  often  the  best  rendering 

1)  In  Relative  Clauses  denoting  Result :  hence  after  dignas,  in- 
dignus,  idoneus,  aptus,  etc.  (501): 

Non  is  sum  qui  his  utar,  I  am  not  such  a  one  as  to  use  (he  who  may  use) 
these  things.  Fabulae  dignae  sunt,  quae  legantur,  The  fables  are  worthy  to 
be  read  (which,  or  that  they,  should  be  read). 


SUGGESTIONS   TO   THE   LEARNER.  107 

2)  Sometimes  ill  Relative  Clauses  denoting  Purpose,  and  other 
clauses  denoting  Result  (500,  494)  : 

Decemviri  creati  sunt  qui  leges  scriberent,  Decemvirs  were  appointed  to 
prepare  tJie  laws  (who  should  prepare). 

Infinitive. 

XXV.  The  Infinitive  has  a  much  more  extensive  use  in  Latin 
than  in  English.     The  following  points  require  notice  (539  if.). 

1.  The  Infinitive  with  a  Subject  is  rendered  hy  a  Finite  verb 
with  that : 

Dixit  se  regem  vidisse,  lie  said  that  lie  had  seen  the  king. 

2.  The  Historical  Infinitive  (545,  1)  is  rendered  hy  the  Imperfect 
Indicative : 

Iram  pater  dissimulSre,  The  father  concealed  his  anger. 

3.  The  Infinitive 'is  sometimes  best  rendered  hy  a  Participial 
noun  with  of,  with,  etc. 

InsimuMur  mysteria  violasse,  lie  is  accused  of  having  violated  the  mys- 
teries. 

Miscellaneous  Idioms. 

XXVI.  The  following  Miscellaneous  Idioms  are  added : 

1.  Certior  em  facer e  should  he  rendered,  to  inform,  and  certior 
fieri,  to  ~be  informed : 

Caesar  certior  factus  est,  Caesar  was  informed. 

2.  Inter  se,  lit.  between  themselves,  is  often  best  rendered,  from 
each  other,  to  each  other,  together. 

Omnes  inter  se  differunt,  They  all  differ  from  each  other. 

3.  Ne — quidem,  with  one  or  more  words  between  the  parts,  should 
be  rendered,  not  even  ;  or  even — not : 

Ne  nomen  quidem,  not  even  the  name. 

4.  "When  two  or  more  verbs  stand  together  in  the  same  com- 
pound tense,  the  copula  (sum)  is  generally  expressed  only  with  the 
last,  but  in  rendering,  the  copula  should  be  expressed  only  with 
the  first : 

Captus  et  in  vinciila  conjectus  est,  He  was  taken  and  thrown  into  chains. 

5.  Quanta — tanto,  lit.  "by  as  much  as — "by  so  much,  is  often  best 
rendered  before  comparatives,  the — the : 


108  LATIN   EEADEB. 

Quanto  diutius  eonsidcro,  tanto  res  videtur  obscurior,  tlie  longer  (by  as 
much  as  the  longer)  /  consider  the  subject,  the  more  obscure  (by  so  much  tho 
more  obscure)  does  it  appear. 

6.  A  Clause  with  quominus,  by  which,  or  that,  the  less,  may 
generally  be  rendered  by  a  Clause  with  that,  by  the  Infinitive,  or 
by  a  Participial  noun  wiihfrom. 

Per  eum  stetit  quominus  dimicaretur,  It  was  owing  to  Mm  (stood  through 
him)  that  the  engagement  was  not  made.  Non  recusavit  quominus  poenam 
subiret,  He  did  not  refuse  to  &tbmit  to  punishment.  Begem  impediit  quomi- 
nus pugnaret,  He  prevented  the  Icing from fighting. 


NOTES. 

GRAMMATICAL     EXERCISES. 

For  Explanation  of  References,  see  page  ix. 

I'AGl 

I.  Ala.    As  the  Latin  has  no  article,  a  noun  may,  according  to  the      1 
connection  in  which  it  is  used,  be  translated  (1)  without  the  article; 

as,  ala,  wing;  (2)  with  the  indefinite  article  a,  or  an  ;  as,  ala,  a  wing; 
(3)  with  the  definite  article  the  ;  as,  ala,  the  wing. 

4,  23.  Post  Ronrali  mortem.    For  the  position  of  the  preposition,     3 
see  602,  II.  3. 

7.  Servus  bonus.  In  Lathi  the  adjective  generally  follows  its  noun, 
as  in  this  example,  though  sometimes  it  precedes  it,  as  in  English. 
When  emphatic  the  adjective  is  placed  before  its  noun ;  as,  vera  ami- 
cilia  (7,  25).  See  Grammar,  598;  598,  2. 

II,  18.    Leges  .  .  .  sunto,  let  iJie  laics  be,  etc.     The  third  person  of     5 
the  Future  Imperative  is  often  best  rendered  by  let,  instead  of  shall. 

13,  28.  Omnium.    This  agrees  with  mititum. 

19,  2.  Consul.    See  note  on  "  Consules"  (169). 4.  Yini  dcus.     9 

The  ancient  Romans  recognized  a  great  number  of  gods  and  goddesses. 
Almost  every  object  in  nature  was  under  the  special  care  of  some  one  of 
these  fabulous  deities.     Bacchus  presided  over  the  cultivation  of  the 
vine,  and  was  the  god  of  festivity. 6.  Testis  tcmporum,  the  witness 

of  times,  i.  e.  competent  to  testify  in  regard  to  them.     Tempora,  times, 
involves  events.— — Habetur,  is  regarded. 9.  Evaserat ;  from  evado. 

20,  1.  Expnlsns  est  5  from  expello. 2.  Regis  pater.    Regis  refers 

to  Tarquinius  Priscus,  the  fifth  king  of   Rome. 6.  Didicit  $  from 

disco. 7.  Dictator.    See  note  on  "  Cum  lionjore  dictator  is"  (178). 

Yoverat  5  from  voveo. 8.  Interfecernnt ;  from  interficio. 

21,  5.  Malornm.    This  depends  upon  mater.  SO 

22,  6.  Perdidi  ;  from  perdo. 

23,  6.  Fecit,  lit,  made  ;  render  composed,  or  wrote. 8.  Condidit ; 

from   condo. 12.  Yixeruat;    from  vivo. 16.  Lnxernnt;    from 


110  LATIN   KEADEK. 

PAGE 

11   lugeo. 20.  Sum  praetemctns  5  from  praekrvSho.--—  21.       ansic- 

rnnt ;  from  transeo.     See  295,  3. 

24,  5.  Nntricem  .  .  .  Sicilian!*    The  ancient  Romans  annually  re- 
ceived large  supplies  of  grain  from  Sicily.     Hence  the  epithets  here 
applied  to  it. 

25,  3.  Belli ;  construe  with  artem,  the  art  of  war. 9.  Edoctns 

fnerat;  from  edoceo. 10.  Petiernnt;  from  pcto:  See  234,  276,  III. 

.12  13.  Ibcrnia  tradaxit.     This  was  at  the  beginning  of  the  second 

Punic  war,  218  B.  C.     The  Ebro  was  the  boundary  between  the  Ro- 
man and  the  Carthaginian  possessions  in  Spain. Traduxit$  from 

traduco. 14.  Transdncti  snnt ;  from  transduco. 

26,  3.  Bcstiolae.     This  refers  to  the  insect  known  as  the  cphemeran. 

4.  Natns;  from  nascor. 6.  Exstrnxcruut ;  from  exstruo. 

7.  Longos  qnaterna  cnbita,  each  four  cubits  long.     Quaterna  is  a 
distributive.     See  174,  2,  1). 

27,  2.  Kcdiit ;  from  redeo,  295,  3. 3.  Concept  5  from  concedo. 

4.  Nnmerum,  quantity.    The  word  generally  means  number. 

Misit ;  from  mitto. 8.  11)0  ;  from  eo,  295. 

13  28,  3.  Snffusa ;  Participle  from  suffundo,  agreeing  with  Venus. 4. 

Ictus;   from  ico. Cecidit ;    from  cado. 5.  Inccnsus  est$   from 

incendo. 

29,  3.  Videtj  sees  if.     The  object  is  the  pronoun  understood,  refer- 
ring to  conjurationem. 

30,  9.  Non  dat,  does  not  allow ;    lit.  give. 10.   Omnes*     This 

agrees  with  nos  implied  in  damus. 

14  31,6.  Persuasit;  from  persuadto. 8.  Pcpcrccrnnt;  from  parco. 

32,  1.  AiTait ;  from  adsum.    For  the  assimilation  of  d  before/,  see 

338,  1,  ad. 2.  A^unxit;  from  adjungo. 3.  gingnlornm,  of  in- 
dividuals ;  it  depends  upon  salati. 5.  Tcrrorem  injccitj  he  struck 

terror  into,  i.  e.  inspired  with  terror;  lit.  tlircw  terror  into. Injccit; 

from  injicio. 6.  Pngnac  ....  Saliminem.    This  was  the  famous 

victory  gained,  480  B.  C.,  by  the  Greeks  over  the  Persians. 

15  35,  2.  Hie,  here. Mihi,  to  my  surprise. 

36,  10.  Delegernnt  5  from  deligo. 

37,  2.  Tuae  litterae,  your  letter.    This  is  the  common  meaning  of 

the  plural  of  this  word. 5.  Notus  5  Participle  from  wosco,  used  ad- 

jectively,  575. 

38,  1.  Esto,  let  there  be. 

115  39,4.  Erat,  it  was. 1.  2.  Snstiimeruat ;  from  sustineo. 4. 

Ventorum  pater.  Aeolus  is  meant :  he  was  the  god  of  the  winds,  and 

ruled  them  at  pleasure. 5.  Singnlornm  facilitates,  the  resources  of 

individuals.  See  441,  1. IV.  1.  Tarqninins.  Tarquinius  Superbus, 

17  the  last  king  of  Rome,  is  meant. 3.  Dedenmt;     from  do. V.  2. 


NOTES.  Ill 

PAGE 

here  expresses,  means. Vox  volaptatis,  the  word  IT1 

pleasure;  lit.  the  word  of  pleasure. 5.  ExllQlTuit;  from  exhorrcsco. 

40,  3.  Famae  mendacia,  the  falsehoods  of  report,  i.  e.  the  falsehoods 

circulated  by  report. 8.  Nescinm  fiagit.     Socrates,  one  of  the  most 

eminent  philosophers  of  antiquity,  had  such  a  contempt  for  all  pedantry 
and  conceit  of  knowledge,  that  he  claimed  to  know  only  one  thing ; 
viz.,  that  he  knew  nothing. 

41,  1.  Pocaa $  supply  est,  460,  2. 3.  Fnit9  was,  i.e.  consisted  of. 

— 4.  Eratsomni;  supply  maw  in  rendering. 6.  Seuescentls  5  sup-   I§ 

ply  aetdtis  from  the  preceding  clause. 12.  Ccferi  5  supply  vcndunt. 

42,  7.  Suornm,  his  own,  i.  e.  faults  (vitwrum). 

43,  9.  Unjag;  belongs  to  gloriae.  19 

44,  I.  1.  Cato  $  supply  magnus  habcbatur  from   preceding   clause. 
II.  1.  lies  .  .  .  constituit,  managed  the  affairs,  etc.     He  was  gov- 
ernor of  the  Chersonesus. III.  7.  Pisces;   supply  capiu-ntur. 2O 

IV".  3.  Sacra,  sacred  rites.     King  Numa  was  the  reputed  founder  of  the 
early  religious  institutions  of  Rome. 

45,  3.  Yiginti  talentis,  twenty  talents,  more  than  $20,000,  a  high 
price  for  an  oration,  but  the  purchaser  was  a  wealthy  king,  and  the  au- 
thor one  of  the  most  finished  of  the  Attic  orators. Yendidit  5  from 

vcndo. 

46,  1.  Anrnm;  supply  vilius  est  from  the  preceding  clause. 10. 

Adversam  ;  supply  fortunam. 11.  Yirtntis,  that  of  virtue.    It  de-  21 

pends  upon  sitis  understood. 

47,  2.  Major  5    lit.  greater  ;   render  older. 3.  Caesaris  5  supply 

castris. 

48,  I.  5.   Fafictns  snm  $   from  fungor. III.  9.  Ileetora  .....  22 

Achilles*     These  were  the  two  most  eminent  warriors  in  the  Trojan  war ; 

the  former  a  Trojan,  the  latter  a  Greek. 

49,  2.  Gestasunt;  from  gero. 3.  Yixit;  from  vivo. 5.  Tra- 

jecit ;  from  trajicio. 6.  Fabric! us,  Aristides.     They  were  both  dis- 
tinguished for  rare  integrity  and  uprightness.     The  latter  was  surnamed 

the  Just.  With  Fabricius  supply  fuit. 7.  Mortaus  est  5  from  morior. 

12.  Timotheus  5  supply  vixif. 

50,7.    Destiternnt ;   from  dcsisto. 11.  Expulsusest;    from  ex-  23 

pello. 13.  BellO  PersiCO,  in  the  Persian  ivar,  i.  e.  the  war  with  Per- 

f  ia.     Themistocles  gained  the  celebrated  victory  of  Salamis,  480  B.  C. 

51,  4.  Quanocte — Q&&em=eadem  node,  qua,  on  the  same  night  in 
which.     The  antecedent  node  is  incorporated  into  the  relative  clause 

according  to  445,  9. Dianae  ....  tcmpincn.     This  temple  of  Diana 

at  Ephesus  in  Ionia  was  celebrated  for  its  beauty  a*id  magnificence. 

9.  Condita  erat ;  from  comlo. 

52,2    ConjunxU;  fro.ir,  eoifoii(&,  24 


J12  LATIN    READEK. 

PAGE 

24         53,  1.  Quidam,  some,  i.  e.  some  persons. JVon  re,  not  in  reality. 

5.  Par ;  agrees  with  Anew. 

54,  1.  Cognito;  from  cognosce. 4.  Excepta;  from  excipio. 

G.  Natus  est$   from  nascor. Cicerone  ....  eonsulibus ;    XXIII. 

See  also  notes  on  "  Comules  "  (169)  and  "  Duillio  "  (185). 

35        55,  I.  1.  Ad  snmmam  senectntem,  till  extreme  old  age. 5.  Ykit ; 

from  vinco. 6.  Fnsae  sunt;  from  f undo. 8.  Erga  parentes,  pie- 

t&S=justitia  erga  parentes  pietas  dicitur. II.  4.  Africanus;  so  called 

because  of  his  great  victory  at  Zama  in  Africa. 5.  Ex  Tiro,  i.  e.  from 

the  word  vir,  man. 6.  Floruit;  from  jloresco,  281,  I.  1. 8.  De- 

dit;  from  do. III.  2.   Diyisa  est;  from  divido. 4.  Progress! 

sunt ;   from  progredior. 5.  Est,  there  is. Sub  pallio  sordido, 

under  a  soiled  coat,  i.  e.  in  the  poor  man,  among  the  poor. 

20  56,  5.  Al)  onmi  partc  5  l\t.from  every  part ;  render,  in  all  respects. 
6.  Condidit  ;  from  condo. 9.  Dives.  This  is  a  predicate  adjec- 
tive: is  born  rich. 11.  Dissimillima  Batni  a,  very  dissimilar  (things) 

by  nature. 

57,  2.  Ad  quas  res,  in  \i$=in  Us  rebus,  ad  quas,  in  those  things  for 
which.     See  note  on  "  Qua  node,  eadem"  (51,  4). 

27          58,  2.  Tua ;  supply  delectant. 3.  Amicum,   a  friend,  i.  e.  my 

friend;  possessive  omitted  according  to  447. 5.  Consnmpsi;  from 

consumo. 

60,  1.  Dens  est,  there  is  a  God. Tcmpcrnm,  of  the  seasons. 

Berum,  of  events. 2.  Mala ;    construe  with  carmma. 3.  Hones- 

tatis;    depends  upon  regula  understood,  897,  1,  (3). 4.  Dominus; 

supply  erat. 

62,  1.  Meorum,  of  my  friends,  lit.  of  my,  or  mine. 2.  Agnovit; 

from  agnosco. 3.  Si  quisquam;  supply  sapiens  f  nit. 5.  Optimum 

qnidque,  lit.  every  best  thing ;  render,  all  the  best  things,  whatever  is 
best,  or  the  best  thing  ever,  458,  1. 6.  Perdidit ;  homperdo. 

2§         63,  3.  Peperi;  from  pario,  280. 5.  Delati  SUttt;  from  defiro, 

292,  2. 6.  Exerdtnm,  his  army.  Observe  the  omission  of  the  pos- 
sessive, 447. 7.  Exstinctnm  est  5  from  exstinguo,  to  put  out,  extin- 
guish, applicable  to  a  light.  The  language  is  figurative ;  the  beautiful 
city  of  Corinth  is  represented  as  a  light,  lumen. 

64,  3.  Victoria ;  supply  venit. 

65,  4.  Consules ;  supply  bini  creabantur  from  the  next  clause. 

Bin!,  two  by  two,  i.  e.  two  each  year,  distributive,  174,  2. 

29         66,  1.  Perspexero;  from  perspicio. 

67,  1.  Ubi  primnm,  when  first,  i.  e.  as  soon  as. 2.  Cuin  Graeeis 

Latina,  lit.  Latin  things  with  Greek  things  ;  render,  Latin  studies  with 

Greek  studies. Conjimxi  ;    from    conjungo. 4.    Lycurgi  leges* 

Lycurgus  was  the  great  Spartan  law-giver.     His  laws  contributed  much 


NOTES.  113 

PAGE 

to  the  prosperity  and  greatness  of  Sparta. 6.  Aareoram  annaloram.  20 

The  wearing  of  gold  rings  was  one  of  the  special  privileges  of  senators 
and  knights. Detraxerat ;  from  detraho. 

68,  3.  Nonnalli,  not  none,  i.  e.  some,  585, 1. Casunc;  casu  with 

the  interrogative  enclitic  ne  appended. Sit  effectas ;  from  efficio. 

4.  Qaacsivit;  from  quaere. Salvasnc  .  .  .  ciipeas*    This  was  his 

question  when  mortally  wounded  at  Mantinea.     Ancient  warriors  took 

special  pride  in  preserving  their  shields. 5.   Esscnt  fusij  from 

fundo. 6.  In  caasis,  in  suits  at  law. 

69,  3.  Redires ;  from  redeo.  3® 

70,  7.  Tanqaam  parva,  as  small,  i.  e.  unimportant. 

71,  1.  AMaxerunt  5   from  abduco. Ciucmnatnm.    Cincinnatus, 

who  was  thus  summoned  from  the  plough  to  the  dictatorship  in  an  hour 
of  great  national  peril,  acted  with  such  remarkable  promptness  and 
energy,  that  in  a  few  days  he  conquered  the  enemy,  entered  Rome  in 
triumph,  and  was  rewarded  with  a  golden  crown.     He  then  quietly  re- 
signed his  dictatorship  and  returned  to  his  farm. Dictator.    See  note 

on  "  Cum  honore  dictatoris  "  (178). 2.  Patris,  of  his  father,  i.  e. 

the  Sun.     The  story  is,  that  he  asked  his  father,  the  sun,  for  the  use  of 
his  chariot  for  a  day,  but  that  he  found  himself  unable  to  manage  the 

fiery  steeds. 5.   Decrerit;   from  decerno. lit  consul  .  .  .  .  ne 

.  ,  .  .  caperett    This  was  the  usual  formula  by  which  a  Roman  citizen 
might  be  clothed  with  the  power  of  dictator. 

72,  i.   Ut  .  .  .  dfllganras ;  XXIV.  2,  5). 4.  Scnserit;  from  31 

tfiUia. 

73,  2.  Qnin  ....  abeam ;  XXIV.  2,  6). 4.  Qaeminas  sit ; 

lit.  by  which,  or  that,  the  less  God  should  be;  render,  that  God  should 
be,  or  God  from  being,  XXVI.  6. 

74,  1.  Qai  sastineret,  lit.  who  shorM  sustain ;  render,  to  sustain, 

XXIV.  3. 4.  Qaod  .  .  .  possit;  XXIV.  2,5). 6.  liiveati  saat ; 

from  invenio. 

75,  1.  Dass  metaant ;  XXIV.  2,  6). 

77,  4.  Nisi  in  lilteris,  if  not  in  letters,  i.  e.  in  literary  pursuits,  stu-  32 

dies. 5.  Kon  .  .  .  scnatirai.     Senatus,  senate,  is  derived  from  senex, 

and  meant  originally  an  assembly  of  old  men. 

78,  2.  Constiterit ;  from  consisto. 4.  Qni  .  .  .  attigissem,  though 

1  had  commenced  (touched)  Greek  studies  (letters) ;  XXIV.  2,  6). 

Attigissem ;  from  attingo, 

80,  1.  Qanai  ...  sit;  XXIV.  2,  1). 2.  ffeccsse  est.    The  sub- 
ject is  the  clause,  Deum  ....  majdra.     Hence  necesse  is  neuter,    33 

438,  3 ,  35,  III.  2.-— Beam  ....  habere ;  XXV.  1. Haec  Iiabere 

niiljora,  lit.  to  have  these  greater,  i.  e.  in  a  higher  degree. 4.  Sao 

toto  .  .      nan  Tidcrit*    As  the  term  of  the  consular  office  was  a  year, 


LATIN   READER. 

FACE 

83  this  seems  a  very  remarkable  statement.  But  the  trum  \s,  Caniniu? 
was  appointed  only  to  fill  a  vacancy  of  a  few  hours  at  the  very  end  of 
the  consular  year.  Hence  the  remark  is  only  a  playful  one. 

81,  1.  Maloram,  of  evils;  from  malum. Quod  ....  eapiaa- 

tarj  XXIV.  2,  1).     The  Subjunctive  implies  that  the  reason  is  assigned 

on  Plato's  authority. Pisces  $    supply  capiantur. 2.  Latiae,  in 

Latin. 3.  Redierim ;  from  redeo,  295,  3. 

82,  1.  Dura  ....  coavenireat ;  XXIV.  2,  1). Ad  horaia  no< 

nam,  till  the  ninth  hour,  i.  e.  till  3  P.  M.     For  the  divisions  of  the 

Roman  day,   sec  Til. 2.   Qaievere  $   from  quiesco. 3.  Voccm 

.  .  .  excitant*     The  immense  audiences  before  which  the  ancient  trage- 
dians acted,  rendered  this  precaution  quite  indispensible. 

83,  1.  Quantas  ....  liafceat  $  XXIV.  2,  2). 2.  Taatnm,  only. 

4.  Qui  .  .  .  .  Yideaat ;  XXIV.  3,  2). Quas  in  partes,  lit.  into 

what  par  Is;  render,  in  what  direction. 6.  Fans,  one,  viz.  Demos- 

34  thenes. 7.  Est»    The  subject  is  the  clause,  quails  res  .  .  .  sit,  555. 

84,  1.  Ft  ...  seryem,  that  f  should  keep  myself  neutral,  i.  c.,  in 

respect  to  the  civil  wars. 2.  Qnss  cogaorit.     XXIV.  2,  3). Cog- 

norit ;  for  cognoverit,  234,  2. 3.  Jnssit ;  from  jubco,  269. Quac  5 

refers  to  naves,  as  its  antecedent. 5.  Ft — videar ;  XXIV.  2,  5). 

Ymese  5  from  vivo. 

85,  ].  Quad  scireat;  XXIV.  2,  4). 2.  Bestislas.     Reference  ia 

here  made  to  the  insect  known  as  the  ephemeran. 3.  Respeadit  5 

from  respondco. Sib!5  saas.     Here  sibi  refers  to  Caesar,  the  subject 

of  the  subordinate  clause,  while  suas  refers  to  Ariovistus,  the  subject 

cf  the  principal  clause.      See  449,  II. Vicissent  ;  from  vinco. 4. 

Si  ...  CSSCt ....  fmsse.     In  the  direct  discourse,  this  would  have  the 
Imperfect  Subjunctive  in  both  clauses,  the  third  form  of  the  conditional 

sentence  (510).     For  changes  in  the  conclusion,  see  533,  2,  2). 

I!Ic,  he,  i.  e.  Caesar. A  se,  from  himself,  i.  e.  Ariovistus. 5.  Egit  5 

35  from  ago,  treated,  argued. KeMiaiscerctur.     In  the  direct  discourse, 

this  would  have  been  in  the  Imperative :  hence  the  Subjunctive  here 
according  to  530,  II. 

86,  2.  Patres  ccnseriptij  conscript  fathers,  often  used  in  addressing 

the  Roman  senate. 5.  Doroiiiint  5  supply  pronoun  referring  to  vir- 

tuies,  they. 6.  Santo,  let  them  be. 8.  Dlilitiae  sommnni  JHS,  the 

supreme  control  of   military   affairs. Pareato ;    supply   pronoun, 

referring  to  consulcs. 9.  Te  5  subject  of  esse. 10.  Onam  prisiHE), 

cts  soon  as  possible,  444,  3. 

SG        87,  4.  Positaza  esse  ;  from^oM-o. b.  Tradituni  est ;  from  trado. 

7.  Cnpidam ;  Ace.  Masc.  Sing,  agreeing  with  atiqucm,  any  one,  the 

omitted  subject  of  esse. 9.  Snis  refeus  *,  with  one's  own  things.    Suis 

refers  tc  the  omitted  subject  of  cssc. Snat ;  agrees  by  attraction  with 


NOTES.  115 

PAGE 

Pred.  Norn,  divitiae,  instead  of  tbc  subject  clause,  462. 11.  Lycnrgi   SO 

temporibus.     This  was  in  the  ninth  century  B.  C. 14.  Inventas  essc ; 

from  invenio. 16.  Aciare;  supply  est 17.  Minima  5  the  smallest, 

i.  e.  the  smallest  evils  (mala). 

£8,  4.  Graecc  loqni,  to  speak  in  Greek. Latlne  5  supply  loqul. 

G.  Didicerunt;  from  disco. 13.  Esse  5  supply  bonus. 

89,  3.  Yidere  ....  capcret.    This  was  the  duty,  or  business,  nc-  37 
gotium,  assigned  to  Postumius.      The  language  is  the  usual  form  of  de- 
cree by  which  the  Dictator  was  clothed  with  extraordinary  power,  in 
order  to  save  the  state.     See  note  on  "  Cum  honore  diclatoris  "  (178). 
Postumius  was  Dictator. 4.  Ssispsissc  $   from  sumo. 6.  Tcne  } 

the  pronoun  te  with  the  enclitic  ne. Tene  hoc  dkere,  that  you  should 

say  this,  or  is  it  possible  that  you  say  this  ? 7.  AdCGRC  ;  adco  and  ne. 

90,  3.  Inter  nos  ;  lit.  between  ourselves  ;  render,  with  each  other. 

4.  Accedit  quod  5  lit.  it  is  added  that,  \.  e.  there  is  the  additional  fact 
that. 

91,  1.  Tu  5  subject  of  rcsponsurus  sis. 2.  PervcaisseEtnc  5  per- 

vcnissent  and  ne. 3.  Kiel  $  subject  of  csse  understood. 5.  Inter- 

fnissst ;  from  intcrsum. 

92,  3.  Dlscendi ;  supply  facultatem,  397,  1,  (3). 4.  indiendi ; 

supply  occasio. 7.  Platonis  audiendi,  of  hearing  Plato  ;  lit.  of  Plato   39 

to  be  heard.     Platonis  depends  upon  studiosus,  while  the  gerundive  au- 
dicndi  agrees  with  it,  562. 9.  Quid  andieriR],  what  I  have  heard. 

93,3.  Sacerdotil)n§  crcandis  ;  lit.  to  priests  to  be  appointed  ;  render, 

to  the  appointment  of  priests,   580. Adjecil}  from  adjicio. G. 

NonHnIllj  some,  585,  1. 

94,  1.  Ad  inteHigendnm  5  lit.  to  understanding ;  render,  to  under- 
stand.  Est  natas  5  from  nascor,  lit.  has  been  born  ;  render,  is  born, 

471,  3. 4.  Ad  cognoscendas  ....  leges;  lit.  to  the  laws  to  be 

learned ;  render,  to  learn,  or  study  the  laws,  etc. Lycnrgl   leges. 

The  laws  of  Lycurgus,  the  great  law-giver  of  Sparta,  were  very  famous 
in  antiquity. 6.  Catilina  ....  coiyurayit.      This  iniquitous  con- 
spiracy was  formed  during  the  consulship  of  the  orator  Cicero,  63  B.  C., 
by  whom  it  was  fortunately  discovered  and  defeated. 

95,  1.  Nillil  agendo,  by  doing  nothing. 

96,  2.  Concessit  $   from  concede. 3.  Defcnsum  ;    from  defendo.   39 

• 5.  Fades ;  the  object  is  id,  the  omitted  antecedent  of  quod. 6. 

CGgnitu;  from  cognosco. Oratio  ;  supply  jucunda  cst  from  the  pre- 
ceding clause. 

97,  2.  Bippias.    He  had  once  been  tyrant  of  Athens,  but  having 
been  driven  from  the  throne,  he  repaired  to  the  Persian  couit  and 

espoused  the  Persian    cause, Cecidit;    from  cado. S.  Pin  sit ; 

from/>;V?<7o. Templo  ....  Dianac.     See  note  on  the  same,  (51,  4). 


116  LATIN   READER. 

PAGE 

39   5.  Terra  matata  5  lit.  earth,  or  land,  having  been  cluinged ;  rcn* 

der,  change  of  country,    580. 6.    Expnlsas ;    from   cxpello. 7. 

Factns ;  from  facio,  Pass. /o. Snbcgit;  from  subigo. 8.  Yinc- 

ta;    from  vincio. 9.  Reg  i  bus  exact Js ;   lit    the  kings  having  been 

expelled ;  render,  wlien,  or  after,  the  kings  were  expelled,  431,  2,  (1). 
This  refers  to  the  overthrow  of  the  regal  form  of  government  at  Rome 
by  the  banishment  of  Tarquin,  510  B.  C.     See  below  (167,  168). 

40  12.  Empta;  from  emo. 13.  Dilapsisnnt;  from  dilabor. 

98,  3.  Secmida  5  prosperous  things,  i.  e.  prosperity. 

99,  2.  In  bonis  rebus ;   lit.  in  good  things ;   render,  among  good 

things,  i.  e.  as  blessings. 4.  Eripi,  snrripi.    Eripio  means  to  'MY 

away  forcibly  ;  surripio,  to  take  away  stealtltily. 


FABLES. 

41  100.  Practcrcunti ;  Dative  Sing.  Part,  of  practereo,  296,  3. In- 
quit;  the  object  is  the  clause,  or  sentence,  "Non  ....  maledixit," 
357,  I. 

101.  Orto ;  from  orior. Quantum  boni?  lit.  how  much  of  a  good 

thing  ;  render,  how  much  good,  896,  2,  3).    Both  adjectives  are  here 
used  substantively,  441,  2. 

412         102.  Coepit,  she  (the  woman)  began. fllam,  that  she,  i.  e.  the 

hen. Minores;  supply  divitias. Perdidit;  fromperdo. 

103.  Depreheasus ;  from  deprehendo. Melicrtule;  \\t.  by  Hercu- 
les ;  render,  indeed,  589,  590. 

104.  SnbsilHt  5  from  subsilio. Si  ....  posset ;  if  perchance  sJie 

might  be  able,  i.  e.  to  ascertain  whether  she  might,  a  dependent  question, 

525,  1. Acerbac  sunt;  they  are  sour,  agreeing  with  uvae  understood. 

— — Repertas;   from  reperio. Qnac;    depends  upon  assequi. • 

Qaae despcrcnt;  XXIV.  2,  5). 

105.  Inhaeserat ;  from  inhaereo. Qni  extraliat ;  lit.  who  may 

remove  it  ;  render,  that  he  may  remove  it,  or  to  remove  it,  XXIV.  3,  2). 
Hoc,  this,  i.  e.  the  removal  of  the  bone. Qnnm  ....  postnlarci ; 

43  XXIV.  2,  1). Videtur ;  the  subject  is  the  clause,  quod extra*- 

isti. Extraxisti ;  from  cxtraho. 

108.  Propter  hoc  ipsnm,  on  account  of  this  very  thing,  or  for  this 
very  reason. Quran,  though. Eos$  supply  esse  puniendos. 

107.  Qumn sentiret;  XXIV.  2,  1). lit  fieri  solet,  as  is 

v:ont  to  happen.  Solct  is  used  impersonally. Qnibus  allatis,  which 


NOTES.  117 

PAGE 

having  been  brought,  i.  e.  when  these  were  brought,  431,  2. Qnibus ;   43 

see  453. Allatis  ;  from  affero,  292,  2. Quod  ;  which,  or  this,  i.  c. 

the  breaking  of  the  bundle  of  rods  ;  it  refers  to  the  clause,  «£....  fran- 
gerent. IinbedHiS ;  supply  res  csset  from  the  preceding  clause. 

108.  Qaomodo,  how,  i.  e.  to  determine  how. Propositis  \  from 

propuno. Posse  ',  depends  upon  a  verb  of  saying  understood  ;  for  44 

thus,  they  said,  they  would  be  able,  etc.,  530,  1. Nemo  repcrtns  C£t, 

no  one  was  found,  i.  e.  who  would  do  it. Repertns  CSt ;  from  reperio. 

109.  Fans  5  supply  residlbat. Orta  5  from  orior. Qnnm  .... 

desperarent,  while  all  despaired,  etc.,  518,  II. Intcrrogat.    The  two 

objects  are yubernalorem,  and  the  clause,  utram  ....  existimarct,  374,  4. 

Snbmergmn  iri  5  Fut.  Pass.  Infin.  of  submergo,  would  be  submerged, 

would  go  down. Proram.     The  full  form  would  be :  Proram  prius 

submersum  iri  existimo. IIIc  ;  supply  dizit,  367,  3. Qirain  .... 

Sim  ;  XXIV.  2,  1). Adspcctnrns  sim ;  from  adspicio. 

110.  Ilia,  she,  i.  e.  the  tortoise. Sc  YOlncrem  faccrc,  to  make  her 

winged,  i.  e.  to  teach  her  to  fly. Arreptam ;  from  arripio,  agrees 

with  illam:  the  eagle  carried  her,  seized  in  his  talons=se\zed  her  in  his 

talons  and  carried  her;  XX.  5;  579. Sustniii;  from  tollo. la 

sublime,  on  high. 

111.  Jnnxcrant;  fromjungo. Ovis  ;  supply  ct  before  this  word.   45 

Prima;  supply  pars. Qnartam  ;  supply  par  tern,  the  object  of  arro- 

gare. Hafeitamai  5  supply  esse,  545,  3. 


ANECDOTES. 

112.  Scicbam ....  mortalem;  object  of  dizisse,  357,  I. Gen- 

5  from  gigno. Mcrtalem  ;  agrees  with  cum  understood. 

113.  Quod,   that  which.     The  full   form  would  be,   Dens  csl  id 
quod,  etc. 

1 14.  Se  ipsam  nosse  ;  supply  difficile  est. Nosse  ;  for  novisse. 

115.  Spes;  supply  communis  est,  etc. Qui;  supply  habent. 

116.  Deas ;  supply  est,  etc. 

117.  In  pompa*    In  the  sacred  processions,  so  common  at  the  reli-  40 
gious  festivals  at  Athens,  the  consecrated  vessels  of  gold  and  silver 
were  often  displayed. 

118.  Scire  ....  nihil..    Sec  note  on  "  Ne&tium  finglt"  (40,  8). 

119.  Scipio  AMeanus.    This  is  the  celebrated  Roman  general  who 
conquered  Hannibal  at  Zama.     See  below  (196)  and  note  on  "  Africa- 
tms '  (196). Anteqaam  ....  preeatns  csset ;  XXIV.  2,  1). 


113  LATI>T   READER. 

I'AGE 

40         120.  Gentis  Corneliac.     This  was  the  gem  to  which  Scipio  belonged 

Jnssit ;  from  j ubco. Res  gestas,  lit.  things  done,  i.  e.  deeds, 

achievements.     Gestas,  participle  from  gero. 

121.  Pins  cssCj  that  it,  i.  e.  the  talent,  was  more. Quod,  that 

which  ;  supply  id. 

122.  Sc  .  .  .  .  habcrCj    that  he  had  thirty  years,   \.  c.  was  thirty 
years  old. 

123.  Qaac    conareatEr;     XXIY.  2,  4). Qmacsivcruat  5    from 

quacro. 

47          124.  Scripslssct  $    from   scribo. Cape  $    supply   ca,   them,  i.  o. 

arms  (arma). 

125.  Quasi  ....  clixisset ;  XXIV.  2,  1). Kos  5  supply  sumus. 

126.  Prac  ....  moititndinc,  because  of  (he  multitude. 

127.  Est  propositnm  $  from  prop&io. 

128.  Solon  5  the  great  law-giver  of  Athens. Crar  ....  CGDStitnis- 

set$  XXIV.  2,  2). 

129.  SapicntCEi  5  this  agrees  with  rem,  and  stultam,  with  rcm  un- 
derstood.-— Sapiens ;  supply  es. 

130.  Quos  5  those  which  ;  supply  cos. 

43         131.  Ipsi ;  refers  to  Cornelia, TTras.it;  from  IraJio  ;  detained, 

Donee redirent ;  XXIV.  2,  1). Haec,  these,  I  e.  the  chil- 
dren. It  is  attracted  from  hi  to  haec,  to  agree  with  the  Fred.  Noun, 
ornamenta,  445,  4. 

132.  Fenmt,  they  report,  say.    For  the  omission  of  the  subject,  see 

460,  2. Oblivioiils  5    supply  artem. Qaae9  those  things  ivhich  ; 

supply  ea. 

133.  Bono  viro  pauper!,  lit.  to  a  good  poor  man  ;  render,  to  a  good 

man  who  was  poor,  442. Minns  probato  diviti  5  to  one  less  upright, 

who  was  rich. Filiam  5    a  daughter,  not  his  daughter. Yirnnu 

Vir  means  man  in  the  noblest  sense  of  the  word,  the  true  man. 

Qnae ;  supply  egeat. 

134.  Achilles,  HOEiems.     The  former  is  the  hero  of  the  Iliad,  the 

latter,  its  author. Olymp!eo  certatais^  the  Olympic  contest.     The 

Olympic  Games  were  celebrated  once  in  four  years  at  Olympia  in  Elis, 
and  were  the  most  famous  games  in  Greece.      To  be  crowned  victor  at 
these  games  was  a  coveted  honor,  while  the  herald  had  but  an  humble 
office. 

135.  Profectns;  from  profidscor. Qimm  Yideret  5  XXIV.  2,  1). 

Egrederetnr  $  from  cgrcdior. 

&3  136.  TyraaE0mm  dommatione*  This  Defers  to  the  oppressive  rule 
of  the  Thirty  Tyrants  appointed  over  Athens  by  the  Spartans.  See 
below  (228).  The  city  was  liberated  from  them  by  the  heroism  of 
Thrasybulus. Qnantas  gratias,  tottte&=ianl<t8  gratia*,  quantas. 


NOTES.  110 

PAGE 

137.  Proposnit;   from  propono. Qui  invenisset,  who  should  49 

discover.     The  Pluperfect  is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  discovery 
must  precede  the  giving  of  the  reward. 

138.  Id,  that,  i.  e.  what  he  intended  to  do. 

139.  Is,  he,  i.  e.  the  friend. Per  .  .  .  Migaaticncm,  with  (lit. 

through)  the  greatest  indignation. Quid  Elihi  tna  $  supply  opus  cst 

amicitia  from  the  preceding  question.     Tua  agrees  with  amicitia  to  be 
thus  supplied. 

140.  Philippe.     This  is  Philip,  king  of  Macedonia. 

141.  Titus  amor  .  .  .  human!*    Titus  was  the  most  beloved  of  the  5® 

Roman  Emperors. Quod  nikil  praestitisset,  that  he  had  rendered  no 

service.     The  Subjunctive  implies  that  this  fact  was  the  reason  which 

the  writer  would  give  on  the  authority  of  Titus  for  the  exclamation, 

Amid  ....  perdldi.     See  520,  II. Praestitisset  5  from  praesto. 

Edidit  5  from  edo. 

142.  Ceddisse;  fromcado. CcgnoTit;  from  cognosco. Coro- 

nam.     Crowns,  or  wreaths,  were  often  worn  by  the  ancient  Romans  on 

sacred  and  festive  occasions. Dcposnit ;  from  depono. Yolupta- 

tcm ;  depends  upon  sentlre. 

143.  In  Indt  01,  Victores.    See  note  on  "  Olymplco  certantine " 

(134). Affectns  cst;   from  afficio. Stadio9  racecourse.      Races 

formed  a  prominent  feature  in  the  Olympic  contests. 

144.  Progressus ;  from  progredior. Fafeulas,  fables  ;  here  tra- 
gedies.—Hi  .  .  .  doeeret*    This  implies  that  he  aimed  to  instruct, 
rather  than  to  please  the  people. 

145.  Praesidibns,  the  presidents,  or  governors,  i.  e.  of  the  provinces.   51 
Praesidlbus  depends  upon  rescripsit. Oncrandas ;  supply  esse. 

146.  Vicem  cornm,  their  fate. Hector  em,  Hector,  the  most  fa- 
mous Trojan  warrior.— Efflnxerant ;  this  agrees  with  anni. Plus 

qnam  mille,  more  than  a  thousand  years.    Plus,  when  thus  introduced, 
has  no  effect  upon  the  construction  ;  otherwise  we  might  expect  the 
verb  effluxtfrant  to  be  put  in  the  singular.     See  417,  3. 

147.  Qnacsivissct ;  from  quaero. Idem,  the  same  thing,  i.  e.  the 

same  question. Petivit,  he,  i.  e.  Simonides,  asked.     DupHcaret  be- 
low has  the  same  subject. Qnauto   dintius — tanto  obscnrior,  the 

longer — the  more  obscure.     Quanto — tanto,  lit.  by  as  much  as — by  so 
much,  is  often  best  rendered  before  comparatives,  the — the,  XXVI.  5. 


120  LATIN   KEADEE. 


EOMAN  HISTORY. 

PAGE 

52  143.  In  Italian),     What  construction  would  be  used  with  the  name 

of  a  town  ?  379. Jauicalo  :   a  hill  on  the  west  side  of  the  Tiber, 

not  one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Kome,  though  included  within  the  wall 
built  by  Aurelian  hi  the  third  century. 

149.  Troja  .  .  .  cversa  cst.      This  refers  to  the  famous  Trojan  war, 

said  to  have  taken  place  in  the  twelfth  century  B.  C. Eversa  est ; 

from  cverto. Hinc,  hence,  i.  e.  from  Troy. Pepercerat  $   from 

parco. Ei  benigae  reeepto  .  .  .  dcdit,  lit.  gave  to  him.  kindly  re- 
ceived :  render,  received  him  kindly  and  gave,  579. Lavininin;  a 

town  in  Latium  a  few  miles  south  of  Rome. 

53  150.  Manic  Alb  mo.     Mount  Albanus  is  about  16  miles  southeast  of 

Rome. Enin,  him,,  i.  c.  Ascanius. Cenitus  erat ;  from  gigno. 

Jjns.     For  whom  does  this  pronoun  stand  ? 

151.  Minor  natn;  lit* smaller  in  respect  to  birth,  or  age:  render, 
younger. Bcna,  lit.  good  things= goods,  property. 

152.  Ycstalcm  Yirgineni.    The  Vestal  Virgins  were  the  priestesses 
of  the  goddess  Vesta :  they  ministered  in  her  temple,  and,  by  turns, 
watched  the  perpetual  fire  upon  her  altars  night  and  day.      They  were 
bound  by  an  oath  of  chastity,  whose  violation  was  punished  by  death. 

Viro ;  indirect  object  after  nubere,  to  marry —to  veil  one's  self 

for,  in  allusion  to  the  custom  of  the  bride's  wearing  the  veil  at  the 

marriage  ceremony. Pcpcrit ;  from  pario. Doc,  this,  i.  e.  the 

fact  spoken  of  in  the  preceding  sentence. Qnnrn  ....  coniperisset. 

XXIV.  2,  1). Comperisset ;  from  comperio. 

153.  Effnderat;     from   effundo. Qnnm  .  .  .  .  csscnt    positi; 

XXIV.  2,  1). Essent  positi ;  frompono. Sicco;  supply  loco. 

54  154.  Sic,  thus,  i.  e.  as  explained  above. Transcgernnt ;  from 

translgo. Qnnm  adolcvisscnt .  .  .  coinpcrissent ;  XXIV.  2,  1). 

Adolevissent ;  from  adolesco. Qnis ;  subject  of  fuisset  understood. 

Qnac  .  .  .  fnissct ;   XXIV,  2,  2). Aventino ;   one  of  the  seven 

hills  of  Rome.     According  to  the  best  authority,  Romulus  founded  his 
city  not  on  the  Aveniine  as  here  stated,  but  on  the  Palatine,  which 

stands  a  little  to  the    north  of  it. Qnnm  ....  circumdaretnr, 

XXIV.  2,  1). 

155.  Asylani.    This  was  a  place  of  refuge  where  exiles  and  even 

criminals  might  obtain  shelter  and  protection. Qnnm  ....  TCnis- 

gcnt ;  XXIV.  2,  1). Inter  ipsos  Indos,  in  the  midst  of  the  very  games. 


NOTES.  121 

PAGE 

156.  Qanns . .  .  appropinqnarent ;  XXIV.  2,  1). In  Tarpeiam  54 

. .  .  incidcrant.     Tlicy  fell  in  with,  or  met  Tarpeia,  etc. Annalos 

....  armiilas.     Rings  and  bracelets  were  often  awarded  to  soldiers 
who  had  distinguished  themselves  in  battle. 

157.  Tarpeium.     This  was  one  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome:  it  was  55 

also  called  Capitollnus.     The  Capitol  was  built  upon  it. Forum 

Ilomannm.     This  was  an  open  space  in  the  form  of  an  irregular  quad- 
rangle between  the  Palatine  and  Capitoline  Hills.    In  this  were  held 
the  great  public  meetings  of  the  Roman  people. In  media  eaede,  in 

the  midst  of  the  slaughter,  441,  6. Raptac ;  supply  mulieres. 

Hinc  ....  hinc,  on  the  one  side  .  ...  on  the  other. 1  ocdns  kit,  made 

a  compact.    Ico,  lit.  to  strike,  has  reference  to  striking  and  slaying  the 

victim  in  ratification  of  treaties,  compacts,  etc. la  urbcm  recepit, 

lit.  received  into  the  city :  the  meaning  is,  he  received  them  into  full  citi- 
zenship. 

158.  Bescripsit;    from  descrlbo. Qnnm  ....  turn,  not  only 

....  but  also. QUUBI  ....  lustrarct ;  XXIV.  2, 1).    Lustraret, 

reviewed,  lit.  purified,  as  there  were  certain  ceremonies  appointed  for 

the  review  of  a  Roman  army. Ortam  5  from  orior. Interfectirai ; 

from  interficio.     Supply  esse. 

159.  Interregnum.     This  was  the  interval  between  the  death  of 
one  king  and  the  accession  of  his  successor  to  the  throne.    In  this  in- 
stance the  government  was  administered  by  the  senate. Elapso ; 

from  elabor. ftatns  5  from  nascor. Gessit ;    from  gero. Ege- 

riae  monitu  .  .  .  dlcebat*     This  was  the  device  of  Nurna  to  give  sanc- 
tity to  his  institutions,  as  Egeria  was  a  goddess. Morbo  deeessit,  lit. 

died  from  disease,  i.  e.  died  a  natural  death. 

160.  Succcssit;  from  succedo. Praestiterat ;  from  praesto. 50 

Horatiornm  et  Cariatiornm.    After  the  necessary  preparations  for  hos- 
tilities had  been  made  both  by  the  Albans  and  the  Romans,  and  the 
two  armies  were  already  drawn  up  face  to  face,  it  was  agreed  to  decide 

the  question  of  supremacy  by  a  combat  between  the  three  brothers,  the 
Horatii,  on  the  part  of  the  Romans,  and  the  three  Curiatii,  also  broth- 
ers, on  the  part  of  the  Albans.  The  Curiatii  were  all  slain ;  one  of 
the  Horatii  survived ;  his  victory  therefore  decided  the  question  in 

favor  of  Rome.     See  Schmitz's  Hist.  Rome. Perfidiani  Metii  Suffetii. 

Metius  Suffetius,  dictator  of  the  Albans,  having  been  summoned  by  the 
Romans  to  aid  them  against  the  Veientines,  drew  off  his  forces  at  the 
yery  moment  of  battle,  and  awaited  the  issue  of  the  engagement.  For 
this  perfidy  he  was  put  to  death,  and  Alba  was  razed  to  the  ground. 
See  Schmitz's  Hist.  Home. Aimis.  What  is  the  common  construc- 
tion for  duration  of  time  ?  378. 

161.  Nora  ci  rnoenia  (ireumdcdit,     The  same  thought  may  be  ex- 


122  LATEST    READER. 

PAGE 

56   pressed  thus:  Novis  earn,  moembus  circumdcdlt ;  in  which  earn  is  the 

direct  object,  and  moenibus,  the  ablative  of  means.     384,  II.   1. 

filorbo  Obiit.     Compare  morbo  dccessit  (159). 

162.  Qni  ....  Tarquiaiis  acccpit.    He  was  called  Tarquinius  from 
the  city  Tarquinii  in  Etruria,  where  he  lived  many  years. 

5?         163.  Mmonirn  geatinm,  supply  patres,  or  senatores. Nee  paucGS, 

lit.  nor  a  few  ;  render,  and  not  a  few. Ademptos,  from  adimo. 

Triumph  aas,  triumphing=in  triumph.  The  honor  of  entering  Rome 
with  an  imposing  triumphal  procession  was,  in  later  times,  often  award- 
ed to  victorious  generals. Capitolmm.  The  term  Capitol  was  some- 
times applied  to  the  temple  of  Jupiter,  and  sometimes  to  the  whole 

Capitoline  Hill,  including  both  the  temple  and  the  citadel. Per  And 

lilios.  What  is  the  usual  construction  for  the  agent  after  passive 
verbs  ?  414,  5. 

164.  Geaitns ;  from  gigno. Idolcvissct ;  from  adolcsco. 

165.  Taaaqail . . .  dieeas,  regeci . . .  obcdiret.    This  was  the  de- 
vice which  Tanaquil,  the  widow  of  the  murdered  Tarquin,  employed  to 
place  her  son-in-law,  Servius  Tullius,  upon  the  throne.     Her  success  was 
complete. Dieens.     What  is  the  direct  object  of  this  transitive  par- 
ticiple ?  550. Convalnisset ;  from  convalesco. Montes  tres.    The 

Viminal,  Esquihnc,  and  Coelian  Hills  are  undoubtedly  meant,  though 
the  Coelian  was  probably  added  under  the  reign  of  Ancus  Marcius.  The 
other  four  of  the  seven  hills,  the  Palatine,  Capitoline,  Quirinal,  and 

Aventine,  were  already  occupied. Censnm*     The  census  was  taken 

every  five  years  for  the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  number  of  citizens, 
the  amount  of  property,  etc. la  agris3  in  the  fields,  i.  e.  in  the  coun- 
try, or  territory  about  Rome. 

166.  latcrfectas     cst;    from    intcrftcio. Qtram  .  .  .  rcdiret; 

XXIV.  2,  1). 

167.  Cogaoiacu     .  .  mernit ;  he  was  called  Superbus,  because  his 

character  deserved  the  title. Moribas;    observe  the  difference  of 

meaning  between  the  singular  and  the  plural,  132. 

58  168.  In  exitiam,  lit.  into  the  destruction  ;  render,  for  the  destruc- 
tion. What  cases  does  in  admit,  and  with  what  significations?  435,  1. 
Ei,  against  him,  indirect  object. 

169.  C'onsnlcs.     The  consuls  were  joint  presidents  of  the  Roman 
Commonwealth,  with  all  the  power  and  most  of  the  insignia  of  office 

which  the  kings  had  assumed. Amman),  for  one  year. Placncrat, 

lit.  it  had  pleased,  seemed  good  ;  render,  it  had  been  determined. 

Tarquiniorum  familia.     Collatimis  belonged  to  this  family.     He  was 

accordingly  deprived  of  his  office  and  went  into  exile. la  ejus  locum, 

lit.  into  his  place:  here,  by  a  difference  of  idiom,  it  must  be  rendered, 
in  his  place. 


NOTES.  123 

PAGE 

170.  SCS3  iavicCMj  lit.  themselves  in  turn  ;  render,  each  other. 59 

Lnxerunt;   from  lugco. Qninqae  consules.     One  consul  had  been 

deprived  of  his  office  during  the  year,  one  had  been  slain  in  battle,  and 
another  had  died. 

171.  Horatms  ....  cssct.     This  achievement  of  Horatius  Codes, 
and  that  of  Mucius  Scaevola,  mentioned  below  (172),  became  famous  in 
the  annals  of  Rome.     They  have  been  celebrated  in  prose  and  verse. 

Sec  Macaulay's  Lays  of  Ancient  Rome. Donee  .  .  .  niptiis  CSSCtj 

XXIV.  2,  1). Ad  Snos5  to  his  friends,  companions. 

172.  Castra;  observe  difference  of  meaning  between  the  singu- 
lar and  the  plural.     132. Seribam  pro  rcgc.     He  mistook  the  secre- 
tary for  the   king. Terreret,  endeavored  to  terrify.     469,   1. 

Donee  .  .  .  .  consampta  essct.     XXIV.   2,   1). €onsennit$  from  CO 

conscncsco. 

173.  Exactos;    from  extyo. Qnestns  ;    from   qucror. Quod 

....  exhaarirctnr  5  XXIV.  2,  1). Secessit;  from  scctdo. Pa- 

trcs,  senators,  see  above  (158). Qui ....  c@nci!iaret  $  XXIV.  3,  2). 

Tribnni  piebis*     The  tribunes  were  at  first  two  in  number,  then 

five,  and  finally  ten.     Their  persons  were  sacred  and  they  were  clothed 
with  great  power.     They  might  at  any  time,  by  their  power  of  veto,  ar- 
rest the  action  of  the  magistrates,  or  even  of  the  senate. 

174.  DliUiarinm  urbis,  lit.  milestone  of  the  city  ;  render,  milestone 
from  the  city.     The  Roman  roads  were  furnished  with  milestones  mark- 
ing the  distance  from  the  city. 

175.  Dace  Fabio  eonsnle,  lit.  Fabius  the   consul  (being)  leader;   61 

render,  under  the  command  of  Fabius  the  consul. Qimm  .  .  .  .  vi- 

cissent,  XXIV.  2, 1). Pellexisseat  $  from  pellitio. Exorto;  from 

cxorior. Pericrnnt  5    from  perco. Potnerat ;  from  possum.. 

Prudent!  cnnctatiene,  by  prudent  delay.     Fabius,  in  the  second  Punic 
war,  deliberately  adopted  the  policy  of  weakening  Hannibal  by  delay,  i.  c. 

by  not  allowing  him  an  engagement.  His  policy  was  entirely  successful. 

176.  In  eo  crant,  nt  .  .  .  .  emerent,  they  were  in  this,  i.  e.  in  such 
a  condition,  that  they  would  purchase  ;  the  meaning  is,  they  were  on  the 
point  of  purchasing. 

177.  Magnitndine.  What  other  case  might  have  been  used  ?  396,  IV. 

Provoeavitj  challenged. Hinc,  hence,  \.  e.  from  the  fact  of  taking   62 

the  torquis  and  adorning  himself  with  it.     Torquati  is  derived  from 
torquis. 

178.  Cnm  lionore  dictatorig,  with  the  rank  of  dictator.     The  dictator 
was  appointed  only  in  times  of  great  danger,  and  was  invested  with  al- 
most unlimited  power  for  a  period  of  six  months. Magistro  eqnitnm. 

This  is  the  title  of  an  officer  always  appointed  in  connection  with  the 
dictator,  or  by  him. tkcasioneia  nactnSj  taking  advantage  of  a  fa- 


124:  LATIN   EEADEK. 

PAGE 

62J   vorablc  opportunity. Nactns;  from  nanciscor. Capitls,  lit.  of  Ike 

head  ;  render,  to  death. 

179.  Post,  afterwards. Qnid  ....  putaret;  XXIV.  2,  2). 

63   Eespondit.     What  is  the  direct  object  ?  550. Dimittendos  \  supply 

esse. Sab  jugnm.  The  yoke  was  thus  used  as  the  symbol  of  sub- 
mission and  servitude ;  it  consisted  of  a  spear  supported  horizontally 
by  two  others  placed  in  an  upright  position. 

180.  Quia  ....  fecissent.     If  this  reason  had  been  given  on  the 
authority  of  the  narrator,  the  indicative  would  have  been  used.    The 
subjunctive  implies  that  this  was  the  reason  then  alleged  for  waging  the 
war.    See  520,  II. Primnm  .  .  .  transmarine)  hoste.     Their  pre- 
vious wars  had  been  waged  with  various  nations  in  Italy  and  Gauh 

Qnum  ....  cepisset  5  XXIV.  2,  1). — — Quaecunqiie  ....  ageren- 
tnr$  XXIV.  2,  3). 

181.  Anxilio  clepbaatornm*     The  Romans  had  never  before  met 
elephants  in  battle,  and  indeed  were  unacquainted  with  the  animal.  The 
battle  was  fought  in  Lucania ;  accordingly  the  Romans  called  the  ele- 
phants Lucanian  oxen,  boves  Lucac. Per  noctcm,  during  the  night. 

Advcrsls  vnlncribns,  with  wounds  in  front:  it  was  a  disgrace  to 

receive  a  wound  in  the  back. Etiam  mcrtnos,  even  in  death. Ego 

....  suMgsrem  ;  in  apposition  with  voce. 

182.  Perrexil ;  from  pergo. Octavo  deeimo.     What  other  form 

C4    of  this  numeral  is  common?  174. Be  captivis  redimendis ;  lit.  con- 
cerning captives  to  be  ransomed:  the  meaning  is,  to  treat  concerning 

the  ransoming  of  captives. Fabricium*     Fabricius  was  celebrated  for 

his  integrity.     See  note  on  "  Fabricius "  above  (49,  6). lTt  .... 

promitteret ;  XXIV.  2,  5). Contemptns  est ;  from  contemno. 

183.  Qaasa  ...  teneretnr ;   XXIV.  2,  1). Qni  .  .  .  prete- 

ret,  lit.  who  should  seek  :  render,  that  he  might  ask,  or  to  ask  ;  XXIV. 
3,  2). Ut  Pyrrhns  ....  obtincret.     This  clause  expresses  the  con- 
dition on  which  Cineas  was  to  ask  peace,  and  may  accordingly  be  re- 
garded as  in  apposition  with  conditionc.     495,  3. Ex  Italia*     What 

construction  would  be  used,  if  the  name  of  a  town  should  be  substituted 

here?  421,  II. Rediisset;  from  redeo,  295,  3. Pyrrlio;  indirect 

object  of  respondit  ;  the  direct  object  is  the  clause,  se  regum  patnam 
vidisse.    550. Qnalis  ....  visa  esset.    XXIV.  2,  2). 

184.  Altero,  second. Interfecti;  supply  sunL V  ill  (turn  ;  from 

vincio,  bowid,  or  in  chains. "  Hie  .  .  .  ab  honestate  .  .  .  potest." 

This  entire  sentence,  as  a  direct  quotation,  is  the  object  of  dixisse,  357, 1. 

Ille  est  Fabricius  qni.     Fabricius  is  that  one  icho,  i.  e.  the  man, 

Wh0. Honestate ;  supply  averti  potest. A  Tareuto.    What  is  the 

common  construction?  423,  I. ;  423,  1. Reccssit;  from  rccldo. 

65          185.  Post  urbem  ccnditain,  lit.  after  tJie  city  built  ;  render,  after  the 


NOTES.  125 

PAGE 

building  of  Che  city,  580.     Rome,  the  city  here  spoken  of,  is  said  to  65 

have  been  founded  753  B.  C. Primam  .  .  .  dimicavernnt.     This 

was  the  first  naval  engagement  of  the  Romans.     Their  previous  wars 

had  been  waged  only  on  land. Dnillio  .  .  .  consuiilms.    The  date 

of  an  event  was  generally  denoted  by  the  names  of  the  two  consuls  for 
that  year ;  in  the  consulship  of  Duillius  and  Asina,  lit.  Duillius,  Asina, 
consuls,  or  being  consuls.  These  names  are  thus  put  in  the  Ablative 
Absolute,  generally  without  the  connective  et. Mersit ;  from  mergo. 

186.  Panels  .  .  .  ifltCFJectis,  lit.  a  feio  years  having  been  thrown 
between  ;  render,  after  a  few  years  had  intervened,  or  after  an  interval 

of  a  few  years,  431,  2. Est  translation;  from  transftro. Sex£- 

ginta  qnattuor.     May  quattuor  stand  before  sexaginta  ?    If  so,  would  ct 

be  expressed,  or  omitted?  174,  foot-note  3. Yigiiiti  duas;  supply 

naves. Amiscrnnt ;  fromamitto. Qnnm  .  .  .  vcnissent;  XXIV. 

2,  1). In  Odcin  accepernnt,  received  under  (heir  protection,  though 

as  subject  states. Captcs ;  supply  cst  from  next  clause.     See  also  60 

XXVI.  4. Conjcctns  CSt ;  from  conjicio. 

187.  Favit.    How  is  the  Perfect  of  this  verb  formed  ?  270.     How  is 

the  Perfect  regularly  formed  in  the  second  conjugation  ?  247,  II. 

Qnnm  victi  csscnt;  XXIV.  2,  1). lit  .  .  .  proficiseeretnr  .  .  .  ct 

impctrarct*     Verbs  of  asking  take  two  Accusatives,  or  Objects :  these 
clauses  may  accordingly  be  treated  as  one  of  the  objects  of  rogaverunt, 
while  at  the  same  time  they  express  the  purpose  of  the  request.  492,  2  ; 

374?  4. Dixit.   Give  the  direct  object  of  this  verb,  550. Besiissc ; 

from  desino. Ilia  die.     What  is  the  usual  gender  of  dies  ?  120. 

Illos,  that  they,  i.  e.  the  Carthaginians. Illos  ....  liubcrc.  j  This 

infinitive-clause  does  not  strictly  depend  upon  suasit,  but  upon  a  verb, 

or  participle,  signifying  to  say,  involved  in  it.  530, 1. Fractes ;  from 

frango. Tanti  non  CSSC,  that  it  was  not  of  so  much  importance^ 

worth  the  while. 

188.  Pnnicl,  Punic,  i.  e.  Carthaginian.     The  word  is  derived  from 

Poeni. Captac,  demcrsae,  capta;  supply  sunt  from  occlsa  sunt. 

Dcmcrsac  5  from  demergo. Citra  Ibcrnai,  on  this  side  of  the  Ebro, 

i.  c.  on  the  side  toward  Rome,  the  northern  side. -Beccsserimt  $  from 

dccldo. 

189.  NoYCm  anQOS  natam,  lit.  having  "been born  nine  years:  render,   67 

ichen  he  was  nine  years  old  ;  XX.  3. Hie  .  .  .  actatis,  lie  living,  or 

passing  the  twentieth  year  of  his  age  ;  render,  he  when  in  his  twentieth 

year  ;  XX.  3. Qni  qunffl,  when  he,  i.  e.  Hannibal,  453. Miscrimt. 

The  object  is  legatos  understood,  though  it  is  scarcely  necessary  to  sup- 
ply it  in  translating. Socios,  the  allies,  meaning  the  citizens  of  Sa- 

guntum. Reddita  5  supply  sunt. 

190.  Fratre  .  .  .  rclieto.     Hannibal  left  his  brother  in  Spain  to 


12G  LATIN   EEAJDEE. 

PAGE 

67  take  care  of  that  province  in  his  absence. Transiit ;  from  transeo* 

295,  3. Traditur,  he,  I  e.  Hannibal,  is  said. Sc  conjunxeruat. 

Why  is  se  here  used,  rather  than  eos  or  illos?  449,  I. Dedidernnt ; 

<!§  /from  dedo. Prcgressns;  from  progrcdior. latercmptHS ;  from 

interimo  ;  supply  est. 

191.  Qaiagentcsirao  doodcqnadragcsimo.    For  combination  of  nu- 
merals, see  174,  4. Intellectual  erat ;  from  intclhgo.     The  infinitive- 
clause,  Hannibalcm  .  .  .  posse,  is  the  subject. Mora«     The  Roman 

general,  Fabius,  had  adopted  with  great  success  the  policy  of  weakening 
Hannibal  by  delay,  i.  e.  by  not  allowing  him  an  engagement.    See  above 

(175). Victi,  capti,  CCCisi;    supply  sunl  with  each  participle. 

Perierunt ;  from  pcrco. Qnod*    This  relative  does  not  relate  to  any 

particular  word  as  its  antecedent,  but  to  the  leading  proposition,  or  the 
fact  mentioned  in  it ;  the  relative  is  accordingly  neuter,  as  clauses  used 
substantively  uniformly  take  that  gender,  35,  III.  2. FactEEl ;  sup- 
ply erat. 

192.  Obtulit ;  from  offvro.     Here  obtW.it  takes  Romanis  as  its  i;i- 
direct  object,  while  the  direct  object  appears  in  the  form  of  a  clause, 
viz.  ut  captlvos  redimcrcnt.     This  is  plainly  the  offer  made  to  the  Ro- 
mans ;  but  this  clause  als®  states  the  purpose  of  the  offer,  viz.  that  they 
might  ransom  the  prisoners.     Hence  the  subjunctive  redimerent.    492. 

Qui  .  .  .  petaissent,  who  had  been  able  ;  XXIV.  2,  5). Armatl. 

The  senate  regarded  it  as  a  disgrace,  that  any  should  be  captured  so 

long  as  they  had  arms  to  defend  themselves. Aareornm  annul  ornni. 

See  note  on  the  same  (67,  C). Hos  cranes.     Observe  position  at  the 

beginning  of  the  sentence  to  mark  emphasis.     594,  I. Detraxerat ; 

from  detraho.     How  is  the  Perfect  formed  ?     248,  I.  1. HasdrnM 

....  exercitn.     See  above  (190,  line  1). -Rcmanscrat ;  from  re- 

manco. Duofons  Scipioaibns*      These  were  Cnaeus  Cornelius  Scipio 

and  Publius  Cornelius  Scipio,  the  latter  the  father  of  Publius  Cornelius 
Scipio  Africanus,  who  defeated  Hannibal  at  Zama.     See  below  (196). 

193.  Res  prospcrc  gCSta  CSt,  a  successful  battle  was  fought.     In  a 
military  sense,  remgero  frequently  has  this  meaning. Magnaia  hnjcs 

69    iasulac  partcm.     For  arrangement  of  words,  see  598,  3. Indc, 

thence,  i.  e.  from  Syracuse. la  Macedonia*     What  construction 

would  have  been  used,  if  this  had  been  the  name  of  a  town  instead  of 

that  of  a  country?  421,  II. In  deditioncm  aceepit,  lit.  received  into 

surrender  ;  the  meaning  is,  accepted  the  terms  of  a  surrender. Sc° 

gressns  CSt ;  from  regredior. 

194.  I)ttO  Scipiones.     See  duobus  Sclpionibus  (192)  and  note  on  the 
same.     They  were  both  slain  in  battle  within  a  month  of  each  other, 

in  the  year  212  B.  C. Hie,  pner  daodeTiginti  annornm,  he  when  a 

boy  eighteen  y&a.rs  of  age,  8 GO,  3. Pest  cbdCQ  CannensCBlj  after  the 


NOTES.  127 

PAGE 

defeat  at  Cannae  (191). Yigmti  qnattuor  ....  natus,  lit,  having  69 

been  born  twenty-four  years  ;  render,  when  twenty-four  years  of  age. 

Cartkaginem  Novain,  New  Carthage,  a  city  in  Spain,  founded  soon 

after  the  first  Punic  war  by  Hasdrubal,  brother-in-law  of  Hannibal.  It 
was  named  after  Carthage  in  Africa  ;  its  present  name  is  Carthagcna. 
ParentibflSj  to  their  parents. Transierunt  5  from  franco. 

195.  Crcalns;    supply  est. Millibns  .  .  .  multibus.     When  is 

millia  followed  by  the  Genitive  and  when  by  its  own  case  ?  178. 

Qua  re  audita,  lit.  which  thing  having  been  heard  ;  render,  having  heard 
this,  or  on  hearing  this,  431,  2,  3). 

196.  Plus  ssmel—  plus  quam  scmel,  more  than  once. Ad  Zanrnin,   TO 

near  Zama. Pcritissimi  dnccs,  Hannibal  and  Scipio  are  meant. 

Scipio  victor  recedit,  lit.  withdrew  victor  ;  render,  left  the  field  as  victor, 

or  simply  was  victorious. IngcntI  gloria  trinciphavit.     Compare  cum 

ingcnti  gloria  .  .  .  rcgressiis  est -(193). Africaims.      This  title  was 

conferred  upon  Scipio  in  commemoration  of  his  victories  in  Africa. 
See  also  nomen  Africani  junioris  (200). 

197.  Finito  Pnnico  bello.    Which  Punic  war  is  meant?  (185  and 

189). Macedonicnm  5  supply  bellum,. Contra  Phiiippum*    This 

limits  bellum  understood,  the  war  against  Philip,  352,  II. Rcgcm. 

Philip  was  king  of  Macedonia. 

198.  Rebellavit,  rebelled,  i.  e.  renewed  the  war  against  Rome. 

Rex.    What  king  ? Bcderct,  dedidenmt  5  from  dedo. Kcmornm 

ordineSj  banks  of  oars.     These  were  arranged,  one  above  another,  so> 
that  the  oars  belonging  to  the  highest  ordo,  or  bank,  were  much  longer 
than  those  belonging  to  the  lowest.     War-vessels  generally  had  three 
banks,  and  were  accordingly  called  triremes  (tres,  remi),  but  it  was  no 
uncommon  thing  to  see  vessels  with  four  or  five  banks,  and  some  are 

said  to  have  had  thirty  or  forty. Ante  CHlTum,  before  the  chariot,   Tfc 

i.  e.  of  the  conqueror.     In  the  triumphal  procession,  the  captives  and 
spoils  preceded  the  chariot  of  the  victor,  while  the  victorious  army 
followed  it. 

199.  Susecpima  cst  $  from  suscipio. Ibi,  there,  i.  e.  in  Africa. 

Per  Sdpienem.    What  is  the  common  construction  for  the  Agent  of 

passive  verbs  ?  414,  5. Tribnaus,  tribune,  an  officer  in  the  army 

commanding  a  part  of  a  legion.  The  number  of  tribunes  to  each  legion 

was  at  first  three  or  four,  afterward  six. Xepotem,  grandson,  but 

only  by  adoption.     He  was  the  son  of  Aemilius  Paulus,  the  celebrated 
general,  who  conquered  Macedonia.     See  above  (198). 

200.  Qimm  ,  .  .  cssct  .  .  .  noBien,  when  now  the  name  of  Scipio 

was  (or,  had  become)  great;  XXIV.  2,  1). Missus;  supply  est. 

Acerrime  defcnsam,  lit.  most  valiantly  defended  ;  render,  though  (it  was) 
most  valiantly  defended. Facta  5  supply  cst. Plurima,  very  many 


128  LATIN   HEADER. 

PAGE 

71  things,  referring  especially  to  the  works  of  art,  statues  and  votive 
offerings,  which  the  Carthaginians  had  taken  from  the  temples  of  the 
conquered  cities  in  Sicily. 

•72  201.  Exortam  est;  from  exorior. Clvitate.  Logically  this  is 

in  apposition  with  Numantia  implied  in  Numantinis.—' Victas  \  sup- 
ply est. Pacem  infamem.  The  terms  were  that  Numantia  should 

remain  free  and  independent. Tradi  5  depends  upon  jussit  in  the 

line  above. Militeni  5  lit.  soldier,  the  individual  representing  the 

class ;  render,  soldiery. Correxit ;  from  corrigo. Partim — par- 

tim  5  lit.  partly— partly  ;  render,  either — or.  These  words  may,  how- 
ever, be  often  best  rendered  by  some — otlicrs,  followed  by  of.  Thus,  he 

captured  some  of  the  many  cities  of  Spain  and  accepted  others,  etc. 

In  deditionem  accepit.  See  note  on  the  same  (193). 

202.  Anno  urbis  COUditae  .  .  .  sexto,  in  tlie  six  hundred  and  sixty- 
sixth  year  from,  or  after  (IhVq/)  the' founding  of  the  city.     Urbis  con- 
ditae  is  here  equivalent  to  post  urbem  conditam  (185),  or  ab  urbe  con- 

dita  (207). IlORiac.     What  case  would  have  been  used,  if  this  had 

been  a  noun  of  the  third  declension?  421,  II. Mithridaticum  5  sup- 
ply helium. Marias,  Sallae*     These  generals  were  the  leaders  of 

rival  political  parties.     Marius  was  supported  by  the  common  people 

and  Sulla  by  the  nobles. Adycrsas  Mithridatenu     This  limits  bel- 

lum,  398,  4. Qimni .  .  .  decrstnia  esset;  the  meaning  is  :  when  the 

management  of  tJie  ivar  had  been  entrusted  to  him  by  a  decree  of  the 
Senate.     The  Subjunctive  is  here  rendered  according  to  XXIV.  2,  1). 

Decretam  essct;  from  decerno. Ei9  i.  e.  Sdlae. Qaaia— tam. 

Usual  meaning,  not  only — but  also  ;  both — and,  etc. ;  render  here  cither 
— or. Compositis;  from compono. Profcctas  est;  from proficis- 

?3  cor. -Asia,  qaam  invaserat.  Not  all  Asia,  but  that  portion  of  it  which 

he  had  invaded,  referring  especially  to  those  portions  of  Asia  Minor 
west  of  his  own  dominions. 

203.  In  Graeda  et  Asia*     Mithridates,  emboldened  by  his  success 
in  Asia  Minor,  had  sent  an  army  into  Greece.     Athens  and  Thebes 

were  at  this  time  in  his  possession. Fagatns  facrat.    Marius  had 

been  for  sometime  hi  concealment. Fnns  ex,  one  of;  lit.  one  from. 

Ingress! ;  from  ingredior. DInltos  prcseripserunt,  proscribed 

many.    In  the  civil  wars,  Sulla  caused  lists  of  the  names  of  those  per- 
sons whom  he  wished  to  have  killed  to  be  exposed  to  public  inspection. 
Those  whose  names  were  on  these  lists  were  outlawed  or  proscribed, 
and  any  one  might  slay  them  and  claim  a  reward ;  their  property  was 
confiscated,  and  their  descendants  were  excluded  from  all  offices  of 
honor  and  trust.     See  Smith's  Diet,  of  G.  and  R.  Antiquities  ;  also 

Schmitz's  Hist,  of  Rome. Computer  a  ni  *,  from  compdlo. San- 

gaine.     Gender?         Civiam.     Genitive  plural,  how  formed?  89,  3,  1). 


NOTES.  1 29 

PAGE 

De,  lit.  concerning  ;  render  in  this  instance,  over. Italicnm,   73 

civile  5  supply  bellum. Sociale  dictum  est ;  this  is  the  predicate  of 

the  relative  clause. Tiros  consularcs,  men  who  had  been  consuls,  i.  e. 

men  of  consular  rank  or  dignity =ex~consuls.  The  consuls,  it  will  be 
remembered,  were  two  in  number,  were  elected  for  one  year,  and  had 

all  the  powers  of  king.     See  note  on  "  Consules  "  (169). Praetorios, 

those  who  had  been  praetors.  When  the  office  of  praetor  was  first  insti- 
tuted, only  one  was  appointed,  who  was  to  act  as  a  kind  of  third  consul 
with  the  leading  part  in  the  administration  of  justice ;  about  a  century 
later  a  second  was  added,  called  praetor  peregrinus,  to  administer  jus- 
tice among  foreigners  and  strangers  resident  at  Rome.  The  number  of 
praetors  was  increased  from  time  to  time,  until  at  the  beginning  of  the 
civil  wars  of  Sulla  and  Marius,  it  was  six  ;  and  in  the  dictatorship  of 
Sulla  it  was  raised  to  eight.  See  Smith's  Diet,  of  G.  and  7?.  Antiqui- 
ties, and  Schmiiz's  Hist.  Rome. AcdilitiOS,  those  who  had  been  aedilcs. 

The  aediles  (from  acdes)  were  Roman  magistrates  who  had  charge  of 
the  public  buildings,  highways,  etc.,  and  acted  as  city  police.  They 

were  at  first  two  in  number,  afterwards  more.    See  Smith's  Diet. 

Senatores.  The  Roman  senate  (from  senex)  was  regarded  as  a  body  of 
elders  or  fathers  (patres).  The  number  was  at  first  100  (see  158),  then 
200  (see  163),  and  finally  300,  which  continued  to  be  the  number  until 
the  time  of  the  civil  wars  between  Sulla  and  Marius.  The  number  was 
then  increased  to  500  or  600  by  the  election  of  a  large  body  of  Roman 
knights.  See  Smith's  Diet. 

204.  Cemmotmn  est ;  from  commoveo. Gladiatores.     Gladiators 

were  men  who  fought  for  the  amusement  of  the  Roman  people.     They 
consisted  mostly  of  prisoners,   slaves,   and  malefactors;  they  were 
trained  in  the  skilful  us  J  of  weapons  at  schools  established  for  the  pur- 
pose (ludo  gladiatorio). Capnae,  at  Capua. Hannibal ;  subject   /4 

of  movit  understood. Contraxerant  5  from  contraho  :  explain  for- 
mation of  the  Perfect;  248,  I.  1. Yicenmt  5  from  vinco. Pro- 

COnsnle*     The  proconsul,  as  the  name  implies,  was  one  who  acted  with 
the  power  of  a  consul.     Those  who  had  been  consuls  (viri  consulares) 
were  often  allowed  to  assume  the  government  of  provinces,  and  to  ex- 
ercise in  these  provinces  all  the  powers  of  a  consul ;  they  were  then 

called  proconsuls. Utaliae.     Is  this  genitive  objective,  or  subjective? 

306,  II. 

205.  Per  ilia  tesipcra.     How  could  tcmpora  be  governed  without 
the  preposition  ?  378.     Per  makes  the  idea  of  duration  more  promi- 
nent, throughout  those  times. Maria  $  rule  for  ending  of  Nom.  Plur.  ? 

88,  II.  2. Id  beHnm,  this  war,  \.  e.  that  against  the  pirates. De- 

crctnm  est  5  from  deccrno.     For  the  meaning  see  note  on  "  Quum  .... 
dfcrllum  esset"  (202). Menses;   give  gender,   106,   2. Contra 


130  LATIN   READER. 

TAGE 

^4  rcgcia.     This  limits  bellum. Quo  snscepto,  lit.  which  having  teen 

undertaken  ;  render,  having  undertaken  this  ;  431,  2,  (3). Tantncij 

only. Coactus  ;  from  cogo. Ilausit ;  from  haurio. Hiinc  vitac 

Hues].     For  the  order  of  these  words,  see  598,  3,  and  for  their  position 
at  the  beginning  of  the  sentence,  see  594,  I. 

206.  IHe  SC  eit     What  nouns  are  represented  by  these  pronouns  ? 

75   Bcdidit ;  from  dcdo. Grand!  pccunia,  a  large  sum  of  money, 

according  to  Plutarch,  6,000  talents,  more  than  $6,000,000. Selen- 

ciam  Ubcrtatc  donavit.    What  two  constructions  occur  ?  384,  1. 

Qaia  .  .  .  tnlerat  \  quod  .  .  .  reecpisget.    These  are  both  causal  clauses. 
The  first,  with  the  Indicative,  states  the  reason  as  &fact,  while  the  se- 
cond, with  the  Subjunctive,  implies  that  the  reason  was  assigned  by 

Pompey.     520. Occlsis  5  from  occido. His  gcstis,  lit.  by  means 

of  these  things  done,  i.  e.  by  these  achievements,  Abl.  of  Means,  414,  4. 

intiqnissimo  toello.     This  war  continued  nearly  thirty  years. 

Ante  trmmphantis  currnia,  lit.  before  the  chariot  of  (him)  triumphing  ; 
render,  before  his  chariot,  as  he  triumphed,  referring  to  the  triumphal 

procession. Fiiii  Mitliridatis.    They  were  five  in  number. In- 

finitnin  pcndng.     According  to  Plutarch,  this  amounted  to  20,000 

talents,  more  than  $20,000,000. Orbem  tcrr arum,  strictly  the  world, 

but  sometimes  used  by  the  Romans  with  special  reference  to  the  Ro- 
man Empire. 

207.  Cicerone  et  Antonio  consulibus,  lit.  Cicero  and  Antony  (being) 
consuls  :  render,  when  Cicero  and  Antony  were  consuls,  or,  in  the  con- 
sulship of  Cicero,   etc. Bcpreliensi$    from  deprchendo.      Supply 

sunt  from  the  next  clause. 

208.  Qanm  ....  dccrcta  CSSCt,  when  Gaul  had  been  assigned  to  him 
by  decree,  i.  e.  as  a  military  province ;  XXIV,  2,  1). Yincendo  pro- 

76  ccssitj  proceeded  by  conquering,  i.  e.  advanced  victoriously. Oceanum 

Britannitnm,  British  Ocean,  i.  e.  the  English  Channel. Gmiicm  Gal- 

liani  qnae,  etc.    Not  all  Gaul,  but  that  portion  which  is  bounded  as 

described. Kc  nomen  quidern,  not  even  the  name  ;  602,  III.  2. 

Cognitmn ;  from  cognosco. 

209.  Absens*     It  was  unlawful  for  a  general,  while  in  command  of 
an  army,  to  offer  himself  as  a  candidate  for  the  consulship,  and  indeed 
for  any  one  to  do  so  while  absent  from  Rome.     Caesar  was  both  absent 

from  Rome  and  in  command  of  an  army. Qncm  qimm  .  .  .  dcfer- 

rcnt9  contradictnin  est?  etc.,  w?icn  many  would  confer  this,  etc.,  opposi- 
tion (or,  objection)  was  made. -Diniissis  ;  from  dimitto. Transiit ; 

from  transco. Bietatorem.     See  note  on  "  Diciatoris  "  (178). 

210.  lade,  thence,   i.  e.  from   Rome. Bispanias,   Spain.      The 

plural  is  often  used,  as  the  country  was  divided  into  two  parts,  viz. 
exterior,  on  this  side  of  the  Ebro,  i.  e.  on  the  side  toward  Rome,  and 


NOTES.  131 

PAGH 

ulterior,  beyond  the  Ebro. Nee  ....  snpcrarit     This  entire  clause  76 

is  the  object  of  dixit.     650. Nee,  and  not,  587,  I.  2. Yiacere. 

This  is  the  object  of  scire  ;  Caesar  said  that  Pompey  did  not  know 

(what  ?)  to  conquer,  or  how  to  conquer. Ingeatibas  ....  commissis, 

with  great  forces  engaged  on  both  sides. Pagaatam  est}  the  battle  was  77 

fought. Direpta  sunt ;  from  diripio. 1  rege  Aegypti.  This  king 

was  the  last  of  the  Ptolemies  and  the  brother  of  Cleopatra. Oceidit  \ 

sleiv,  though  not  with  his  own  hands.     He  employed  men  to  do  it. 

deneri.  Pompey  had  married  Julia,  the  daughter  of  Caesar ;  while  sho 
lived,  she  was,  of  course,  a  strong  bond  of  union  between  the  two,  but 
she  had  died  six  years  before  the  battle  of  Pharsalia. 

211.  Qua  de  causa,  for  which  cause.    For  the  order  of  words,  sec 

602,  II.  1. Pompeianaram  ....  reliqaias,  the  remnant  of  Pompey's 

party.. lasoleatias  agerc.     He  allowed  himself  to  be  proclaimed  con- 
sul for  ten  years,  impcrator  and  dictator  for  life.     This  was  a  virtual 

overthrow  of  the  Roman  Republic. Coajaratani  est  5  a  conspiracy 

was  formed. Sexaginta  vel  aniplias,  sixty  or  more. Inter  conja- 

ratcs ;  lit.  among  the  having  conspired,  i.  e.  among  the  conspirators. 

Brati  dao  ;  viz.  Marcus  and  Dccimus. Illius  Brati*  See  above 

(169). Regibas  cxpalsis,  lit.  the  kings  having  been  banished;  ren- 
der, after  the  banishment  of  the  kings. Qaam .  .  .  YCUJSSCt  5  XXIV. 

2,  1). Coafossns  cst ;  from  confodio. 

212.  laterfecto ;  from  inter Jido. A  C&esaris  partitas  stab&t,  70 

favored  the  party  of  Caesar  (stood  by  the  party,  etc.). Magister 

cqailam.     See  note  on  " Magistro  eqiiitum"  (178). Saseeptos  C£t ; 

from  suscipio. Oetavianas.     He  was  the  son  of  Octavius,  but  was 

adopted  by  Julius  Caesar,  with  the  name  Octavianus  Caesar. Patris 

sni,  i.  e.  his  father  by  adoption,  Julius  Caesar. Extorsit  5  from  ex- 

torqueo. ^LTt  .  .  .  darctar.     Tliis  clause  expresses  both  the  direct 

object  of  cxtorsit  and  the  purpose  of  the  action  :  Caesar  extorted  (what  ?) 
that  the  consulship  should  be  given,  and  (for  what  purpose  ?)  in  order 
that  it  might  be  given.     See  492,  1. Yigiati  aimorum.     The  age  re- 
quired by  law  was  forty-three. Jnnetus$  fromjungo. -Proserip- 

sit.     See  note  on  "  Proscripslrunt "  (203). Per  hcs.     By  whom  ? 

213.  Profecti.     This  is  in  the  plural  to  agree  with  Octavianus  ct 

Antonius. Secando  5  supply proelio. Infiaitam  aoMlitatein,  quae, 

lit.  the  infinite  nobility,  which;  render,  the  countless  nobles,  who. 

Yictaia  interfccerantj  lit.  they  slew  (them)  being  conquered ;  render, 

they  conquered  and  slew.     See  579. Ilispaaias.     See  note  on  this 

word  (210). Gallias*  The  plural  is  used  because  the  Romans  divided  79 

the  country  into  two  parts,  viz.  Oallia  ulterior  or  Transalpine,  or  Gaul 
beyond  the  Alps  ;    and  Gallia  citerior  or  Cisalpina,  or  Gaul  on  tills 
aiue  of  the  Alps  ;  i.  e.  on  the  sid«3  toward  Romo. 


132  LATIN   BEADEB. 

PAGB 

79         214.  Kepndiata  sorore.    Antony  had  married  Octavia,  the  sister  of 

Octavianus. txorcui  dnxit,  married,  lit.  lead  as  wife.  The  language 

is  explained  by  the  fact  that  the  bride  was  usually  conducted  to  her 
new  home  by  her  husband  and  friends.     See  note  on  "  Nitbere  "  (152). 

Qni  locus.     The  relative  here  has  only  the  force  of  an  adjective. 

DesperatiS  rebus,  lit.  things  having  been  despaired  of ;  render,  as 

his  cause  was  desperate  (or  hopeless}. Intcremit ;  from  intcrimo. 

Ex  CO  indc  tern  pore,  from  tJm  time,  or  from  this  time  forth.     Ind* 
need  not  be  translated. Ante ;  Adverb,  before,  or  previously. 


GEECIAN    IIISTOKY. 

215.  Pugnae  ....  faccrcat,  did  not  give  him  an  opportunity  of 

coming  to  an  engagement.  XXIV.  2,  1). PontC  Istri,  the  bridge 

over  tlie  Ister,  i.  e.  the  Danube ;  lit.  the  bridge  of  the  Istcr. Qnum 

rediisset  \  XXIV.  2,  1) ;  518,  II. Eiquc.  M  refers  to  the  fleet. 

2 1C.  Praefecti  regii,  the  royal  commanders,  i.  e.  Datis  and  Arta- 

phernes. Appnlsa;  from  appello. In  Caiapnsa  Marathoaa,  into 

the  plain  of  Marathon.  For  ending  a,  sec  93,  1. Ab  Oppido,/Vom 

the  city,  i.  c.  from  Athens. Circiter  ....  dceem.  The  distance  by 

any  suitable  road  was  somewhat  greater  than  this. Ea,  this,  i.  e.  this 

state  ;  supply  civitas. Dcecni  ....  ecmpleta  snnt,  the  number  of  ten 

thousand  armed  men  was  completed,  or  filled  up.  Thus  there  were  9000 

Athenians  and  1000  Plataeans. Sab  mentis  radicibns,  at  the  base  of 

the  mountain. Commiserunt  $  from  ccmmilto. Sais,  for  his  men, 

441,  1. Tanto  plus,  so  much  more. 

217.  Qamn  Darius  decessisset,  when  Darius  had  died;  XXIV. 

2,  1). Deeessissct;  from  deccdo. In  ipso  appar&tn,  in  the  midst 

of  his  very  preparations,  i.  e.  while  actually  engaged  in  preparing  for  a 

second  invasion. Hajns  classis,  the  feet  of  this  one,  i.  e.  Xerxes  ; 

render  his  ficct. Kavium  langarum,  ships  of  war,  called  longae,  be- 
cause they  were  built  much  longer  than  the  ships  of  burden  (onerariu- 

rum). jVavicia  ....  fait,  was  of .  .  .  .  s7iips,  i.  c.  consisted  of,  etc. 

DC  adventa.  This  is  an  attributive  modifier  of  fama, — the  report 

of  his  approach. Pcti,  to  be  aimed  at. Misernnt  DelphOS,  they 

Lent  to  Delphi  ;  object  omitted,  sent  messengers.  The  Delphic  Oracle 

was  the  most  famous  in  Greece. Do  rekas  snis,  lit.  concerning  their 

things,  \.  e.  for  their  safety. Id  ....  valeret,  what  this  answer 

meant. Ut  ....  conferrect.  Thi3  clauce  13  the  predicate  sifter  r.s'.sr, 


NOTES.  133 

PAGB 

as  it  states  what  tho  design  was. Enm — ligncnm,  for  that  that  §2 

wooden  wall  was  meant,  etc.,  i.  e.  that  that  was  the  wooden  wall  meant, 

etc. Triremes.    See  note  on  "  Remorum  ordines  "  (198). Majo- 

libns  natn,  old  or  aged  men,  elders. 

218.  Ilnjas  consiiinm,  the  plan  of  this  one,  \.  e.  Themistocles. 

Deledi,  picked  men. Qui ....  occuparent;  XXIV.  3,  2. Ther- 
mopylae   Thermopylae  is  a  narrow  pass  between  Locris  and  Thessaly, 
immortalized  as  the  scene  of  one  of  the  most  remarkable  instances  of 
heroic  daring  and  self-sacrifice  recorded  in  history,  that  of  Leonidas  and 
his  three  hundred  Spartans,  here  mentioned. Barbaros,  Barbarians, 

1.  e.  the  Persians.    The  term  was  applied  to  all  who  were  not  Greeks. 

Non  sustinaersmt.     They  were  unable  to  resist  the  overwhelming 

force  brought  against  them,  but  they  performed  prodigies  of  valor  unsur- 
passed in  the  annals  of  war. Classis  ....  naviniii,  the  common 

fleet  of  Greece  (i.  e.  the  fleet  of  all  Greece),  consisting  of,  etc. An- 

gnstias*    The  narrow  channel,  Eurlpus,  between  Boeotia  and  Euboea, 

is  here  meant. Ancipiti  perknlo,  by  a  double  danger,  i.  e.  by  being 

confined  in  the  channel  with  one  foe  in  front  and  another  in  the  rear. 

Exadvcrsmn  Atlieaas,  over  against  Athens.    Exadversum,  like  ad- 

vcrsum,  admits  the  Accus.,  433. 

219.  TliermopyHs ;  see  above  (218). Astn,  the  city,  i.  e.  Athens.  §3 

The  woud  is  often  thus  applied. Sdqne,  and  this,  i.  e.  the  city  of 

Athens. €njus,  of  this,  i.  e.  of  the  burning  of  the  city. Tlieniis- 

toe!«s  unns  restitit,  Themistocles  alone  stood  firm,  objected. Univer- 
ses, all  together,  united. Idque  ....  affirmabat,  lit.  he  affirmed  to 

Eurybiades  that  this  would  be,  etc.,  i.  e.  he  assured  him  that  this  would 

be  the  result. Summae,  dative  depending  upon  praetrat.    386. 

Be  scrvis  suis,  quern,  etc.,  one  of  his  servants,  whom,  etc. Suis  ver- 

1)JS,  in  his  ivords,  i.  e.  in  his  name,  from  him. Nnnthiret.     This 

verb  has  ei  as  its  indirect  object,  and  all  the  rest  of  the  sentence  after 
verbis  as  its  direct  object.  550. Confectnrnm  ;  supply  cum,  refer- 
ring to  the  king. Qppressurnm  5  from  opprimo. Hoc  eo  valelmt, 

the  object  of  this  ivas. Barbaras,  barbarian,  meaning  Xerxes. 

Contra,  on  the  contrary,  on  the  other  hand. Explicari,  to  be  unfold- 
ed, i.  e.  to  be  brought  into  successful  action. 

220.  Hie  Ctsi  ....  gesserat,  although  he  (Xerxes)  had  fought  an 
unsuccessful  battle;   516,    III. lit  ....  posset   licstes ;    XXIV. 

2,  5). Ab  eodem,  by  the  same  one,  i.  e.  Themistocles :    eodem,   it   §4 

must  be  observed,  does  not  belong  to  gradu. Gradn,  from  his  po- 
sition.  Certiorem  fecit  5  XXVI.  1. Id  agi,  lit.  that  it  was  doing  ; 

render,  was  in  contemplation. In  Hellesponto,  over  the  Hellespont. 

Reversns  est ;  from  reverto,  revertor,  Dep.  in  certain  forms.    See 

273,  III.  verto. Unius  viri>  of  one  man,  i.  e.  Themistocles. 


134:  LATIN    READER. 

PAGE 

§4         221.  tyua&*-postqwun  ;  427,  3. Intcrfeetus  esl?  destroyed,  cu\ 

in  pieces. 

222.  Peridis.     Pericles,  a  distinguished  orator  and  statesman  of 
Athens,  directed  the  counsels  of  state  for  many  years.     The  period  in 
which  he  lived  is  famous  in  Grecian  history  as  the  "  Age  of  Pericles" 

§5   Interjcctis ;     from   interjicio. Clara  ;    observe  its  position ; 

594,1. Patrimooii  COUteniptns,  disregard  of  patrimony,  referring 

to  the  fact  that  he  gave  his  ancestral  estates  to  the  republic,  as  ex- 
plained below. Hostes  5  subject  of  reliqucrant. In  saspieionem 

adducerent  ;  supply  eum  ;  that  they  might  bring  him  into  suspicion  of 

treachery. Navati  ....  dimkatum  CSt,  lit.  it  was  fought,  etc. ; 

render,  a  naval  battle  was  fought. RTcn  nisi}  lit.  not  if  not,  or  un- 
less ;  render,  not  more  than,  or  only. 

223.  Dceernitmj  is  decreed,  or  authorized. Eflnsae  simt ;  from 

cffundo. Ft  .  .  .  essent ;  XXIV.  2,  5). Its,  quibus ;  i.  e.  to  the 

Catinienses. Secnndo  Martc  pugnant,  lit.  they  fight,  Mars  being  pro- 
pitious ;  render,  they  fight  a  successful  battle,  or  successfully. Ab  his, 

by  these,  i.  e.  the  Lacedaemonians. Contractis  ;  from  contraho. 

§G          224.  Triremes.     See  note  on  " RemGrum  ordines"  (198). In 

llGStium  potestatem,  into  the  power  of  the  enemy.     In  is  construed  with 

potestatem.     Observe  separation,  602,  II.  3. Sinml  cum,  at  the  same 

time  with,  or  simply  with. Sitae  snat  \  from  sino. Qaani  pluri- 

maSt     Quam  before  a  superlative  is  intensive,  and  is  often  be&t  ren- 
dered by  possible  ;  as,  quam  plurimas,  the  greatest  possible  number,  as 

many  as  possible,  or  sometimes  very  many. Neqne  minus  inaitas, 

lit.  nor  less  many —and  not  less  many=ajid  as  many  more. 

225.  Darius*     This  was  Darius  the  Second,  and  not  the  one  spoken 
§7  of  above  (215). tit  ....  mittercnt ;  XXIV.  2,  5). In 

Iceum,  lit.  into  the  place  of ;  render,  to  take  the  place  of,  to  succeed. 

226.  lit  numerus  ....  expleretur,  that  the  number  ....  might 

be  filled,  i.  e.  to  raise  the  required  number  of  soldiers. Caacti  simt; 

from  cogo. Procliis  adversoMarte  pugaatis,  lit.  battles  fought,  Mars 

being  adverse  ;  render,  having  lost  battles,  or  having  fought  unsuccess- 
fully.  Hcs  ....  indinata  cst.     The  power  of  the  Athenians  was 

utterly  overthrown  by  this  defeat.     The  figure  involved  in  the  verb 
incllno,   to   incline,   fall,    is   that  of  a   building  leaning   and   ready 
to  fall. 

227.  Nciasa  Atlicniensium,  tlie  Athenian  name=the  Athenian  state 

or  nation. Ncganmt  ....  passuros,    lit.  denied  that  they  would 

permit ;  render,  said  that  they  would  not  permit. Passurcs.     What 

is  the  object  ?  554,  III. Daobus  ocnlis,  the  two  eyes ,  these  were 

Athens  and  Sparta. Longi  muri  brachia*     Reference  is  here  made 

to  the  long  walls  which  connected  Athens  with  its  ports. Trifrlnta 


NOTES.  135 

PAGB 

fectores.    These  are  known  in  history  as  "  TJie  Thirty  Tyrante" §9' 

Dediti,  devoted  to,  i.  e.  to  the  interests  of. 

228.  Thrasybulus.    See  note  on  "  Thrasybido "  (136). Quod.  8§ 

This  relative,  it  will  be  observed,  does  not  agree  with  its  antecedent 
Phylen,  but  with  the  Predicate  noun  castellum  ;  445,  4. Triginta 

de  suis,  lit.  thirty  from  (of)  his;  render,  thirty  of  his  associates,  or 
thirty  associates. 

229.  Idem  imperator,  the  same,  i.  e.  Epaminondas,  when  commander, 

S63,  3. Boeotii,  the  Boeotians.     They  were  the  inhabitants  of  Boeo- 

tia,  north  of  Attica,  of  which  Thebes  was  the  chief  city. Ex  hastili, 

from  the  spear.     The  iron  point,  separated  from  the  shaft,  had  re- 
mained in  the  flesh. Extraxisset ;  from  extraho. Viclsse  BOCO- 

tics,  that  the  Boeotians  (his  own  men)  had  conquered. 

230.  Leuctrieam  pugnam,  the  battle  of  Leuctra.     This  battle  des-  §9 
troyed  the  power  of  Sparta  and  made  Thebes  the  leading  state  in 
Greece,  but  Thebes  speedily  lost  the  supremacy  after  the  death  of  Epa- 
minondas.  Athenienses,  non  ut  olim.      Formerly  Athens  had  been 

eminent  in  war  and  had  been  for  many  years  the  leading  state  in 
Greece,  but  of  late  the  sterner  virtues  had  disappeared  from  the  Athe- 
nian character,  and  the  love  of  ease,  luxury,  and  festivity  had  taken 
their  places.     Thus  Athens,  Sparta,  and  Thebes,  each  of  which  had 
been  in  turn  the  leading  state  in  Greece,  had  now  become  weak  and 
degenerate.     This  state  of  things  enabled  Macedonia  to  rise  to  power, 

as  mentioned  in  the  next  sentence. Gbses  ....  Thebis.    In  the 

year  369  B.  C.,  when  the  power  of  Thebes  was  supreme  in  Greece, 
Amyntas,  king  of  Macedonia,  had  been  obliged  to  send  his  son  Philip 
as  a  hostage  to  that  powerful  capital. 

231.  Anraria ;  supply  metalla  from  the  next  clause. Argenti 

....  Thracia.     There  were  also  gold  mines  in  Thrace  near  Philippi. 

232.  Din  dissimulatum.    He  had  long  intended  to  make  war  upon  90 

Athens,  but  had  from  policy  concealed  that  intention. Quorum 

eausae  ....  junxeruat,  to  whose  cause  the  Thebans  had  joined  them- 
selves, \.  e.  with  whom  they  had  allied  themselves. Quum,  though  ; 

516,  II. Assiduis  bellis  indnrata,  hardened,  or  strengthened  by  con- 
tinual wars.    Philip  had  a  well-disciplined  army  of  veterans,  long  ac- 
customed to  severe  and  constant  service. Adversis  Yulneribus.  See 

note  on  the  same  (181). Hie  dies  ....  tmivit.    The  battle  of 

Chaeronea  reduced  Greece  to  a  Macedonian  province. 

2C3.  Eujus  Tietcriac  ....  laetitia,  lit.  jay  of  this  victory  ;  ren- 
der, joy  on  account  of  this  victory. Coronas,  uttgncnta.    The  Greeks 

often  made  use  of  crowns,  garlands,  ointments,  and  perfumes  on  joyous 

and  festive  occasions. Quantum  ....  fait*  lit.  as.  much  as  was  in 

him ;    render,    as  far   as   was   in  his,  po:t&$rA .-. ±. --^-Ut  ....  Tictorcm 

7 


136  LATIN  KEADEE. 

PAQB 

9©  ....  sentiret,  that  no  one  would  recognize  the  victor,  i.  e.  the  fact  that 

he  was  such. Bcllo  consniaptorum,  of  those  slain  in  war,  or  battle. 

Comumptorum  is  used  substantively ;  575. Ad  formandaci  .... 

Staiaift,  lit.  to  form  the  state  of  present  things  ;  the  meaning  is,  to  ad 

just  or  settle  the  posture  of  affairs. Auxilia,  the  quotas,  \.  e.  the 

quotas  which  the  several  states  were  to  furnish. Erat ;  the  subject 

is  the  clause,  eum  ....  esse  ;  549. Suis  ;  supply  viribus. 

01  234.  Medins  inter  duos,  in  the  middle  between  the  two,  or  simply, 

between  the  two.  Medius  is  explained  by  inter  duos. Occnpatis  an- 

gustiis.  He  had  deliberately  placed  himself  in  a  narrow  passage  with 

the  determination  to  slay  the  king  as  he  passed. Ab  Altaic,  by  At- 

tal,m,  one  of  Philip's  generals. Adversariran?  his  adversary,  mean- 
ing Attalug. Non  poterat;  supply  exiaere. All  iniquo  judiee, 

from  the  unjust  judge,  meaning  Philip. 

235.  Deceptis  hcstilras,  lit.  in  the  deceived  enemy  ;  render,  in  decciv. 

ing  the  enemy.     580. Gandere,  rejoiced,  Historical  Infinitive,  of 

which  several  other  examples  occur  in  this  paragraph. Hie  ;  sup- 
ply gaudere. Fnsis  ;  supply  hostibus. Hie  ....  exercebat,  the 

latter  was  wont  to  exercise  his  royal  power  upon,  or  against,  his  friends. 
Amari  ;  depends  upon  malle. Metui  5  supply  malle. Soller- 

&5B  tlae  pater  $  supply  erat. lile  ....  abstinebat,  he  did  not  abstain 

from  (i.  e.  from  oppressing  or  annoying)  even  his  allies. Ifcc=i2 

non,  is  here  rendered  not  even. Quibn§  art!!) as,  by  these  arts,  refer- 
ring to  the  enumeration  just  given  of  the  characteristics  of  the  father 
and  son,  Philip  and  Alexander. 

236.  Caedis  conseios  ....  occidi  jnssit.     It  was  a  common  custom 
in  antiquity  thus  to  slay  murderers  and  assassins  upon  the  graves  of 
their  victims,  to  appease  the  shades,  or  spirits,  of  the  dead.     In  the 
same  way,  in  war,  prisoners  were  often  slain  over  the  graves  of  fallen 

heroes. Si&i ....  praefatus*     There  is  no  little  ostentation  in  this 

statement.    It  was  of  course  made  for  effect. Opes.     Object  of 

cogitabant  understood;  construed  literally,  the  passage  would  read 
thus :  they  thought  of  nothing  if  not  the  riches,  i.  e.  if  they  did  not  think 

of  the  riches,  etc. ;  render,  they  thought  of  nothing  except  the,  etc. 

In  Ilio,  in  Ilium,  i.  e.  in  the  district,  not  in  the  city;  hence  the  Abla- 
tive with  in,  not  the  Genitive,  as  in  the  names  of  towns. Tumnlcs 

heronm.    In  the  vicinity  of  Troy,  mounds  are  still  pointed  out  as  the 
burial  places  of  heroes,  who  three  thousand  years  since  fell  in  the 
Trojan  war. 

237.  Parcendum  suis  reftns.    Alexander  thus  inspires  his  soldiers 
with  courage  and  confidence.     He  speaks  of  the  country  as  already 

03  his  and  theirs. In  exercitu  ....  duae.     Observe  that  the  copula- 
tive connectives  are  omitted  between  the  several  subjects. Veteran/is, 


NOTES.  137 

PAGE 

veterans,  used  substantively,  441. Elcctos  ;  supply  esse. In  cam-  93 

pis   Adrastiae,  in  the  plains  of  Adrastia,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  river 
Granicus,  from  which  the  battle  took  its  name  :  battle  of  the  Granicus. 

238.  Defunct! ;  from  defungor. Confess!  ;  from  confodio. 

Ad  hoc  ipsam,/or  this  very  purpose. GUI  lies  ante  earn  reges,  lit.  all  94 

before  him  kings,  i.  e.  all  the  kings  before  him,  or  before  his  time. 

239.  NifcL  ex  ....  Aegyptiornm  more.    Alexander  was  careful  not 

to  give  offence  by  disregarding  the  customs  of  the  country. JoviS 

Ammonis  oraenlnm.    The  oracle  of  Jupiter  Ammon  was  one  of  the 

most  celebrated  in  the  world. Sedem  consecratam  deo.    This  was 

situated  in  a  beautiful  oasis  of  the  Libyan  desert. Parentcm  Jovcm, 

parent  or  father  Jupiter,  i.  e.  7m  father  Jupiter.     Thus  the  priest,  per- 
ceiving his  ambitious  vanity,  flattered  him  with  the  title — son  of  Ju- 
piter.  Parentcm  ejus,  his  parent,  i.  e.  Jupiter.     The  priest  still 

continues  his  flattery. An  anctor  ....  colendi ....  regein,  lit.  wJie-  05 

ther  he,  i.  e.  Jupiter,  would  be  to  them  the  author  of  worshipping  the 
king  with  divine  honors,  i.  e.  whether  he  would  authorize  them  to  wor- 
ship their  king  with  divine  honors. 

240.  Nobilem,  famous. Quin  ....  esset  oeeisns,  that  the  king 

himself  H 'as  slain  ;  XXVI.  6. 

241.  Spe  .  .  .  .  libertatis.     Greece,  it  will  be  remembered,  lost  its 
independence  by  the  battle  of  Chaeronea.     See  above  (232). 

242.  Cm  gloriac,  this  glory,  i.  e.  that  of  conquest  and  empire.  90' 

243.  Eecedentcm  5    supply  eum. Invitat,   invites,  i.  e.  invites 

him  to  drink  with  him. Ut posceret  5  XXIV.  2,   5). Inter 

bibendnta,  while  drinking. 

244.  Aeaeidarnni.    Alexander  was,  by  his  mother,  a  lineal  descend- 
ant of  Aeacus,  the  grandfather  of  Achilles. Sine  nllo  ....  argn- 

meiltO,  without  any  mark  of  a  more  sad  mind,  i.  e.  without  any  indica- 
tion of  unusual  sadness. Digoissimnm.    Adjective  used  substan-  97 

tively;  object  of  facere  understood. Judicio,  by  a  tacit  decision, 

opposed  to  voce. 

245.  Qao  ^—die,  quo,  the  day,  on  which.     Here  the  relative  must 

not  be  rendered  according  to  453. Altering— alterins,  the  one— the 

other. Belli  IHyrid,  that  of  tJie  Illyrian  war,  L  e.  the  victory  gained 

in  it. Certaiflinis  Olympiad.      See  note  on  "  Olympico  certamme  " 

(134). Pner,  when  a  boy;  363,  3. Qnadrigas.    Chariots  and 

horses  were  often  sent  to  the  Olympic  games  to  contend  for  the 

prizes. Aristotele magistro.    Philip  placed  the  youthful  Alex- 

ander  under  the  special  instruction  of  Aristotle,  the  celebrated  philo- 
sopher of  Athens.     Both  teacher  and  pupil  have  left  names  famous  in 

the  annals  of  the  world. Tantani ....  Mudam  fecit,  he  inspired 

his  soldiers  with  such  confidence. 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


for  Explanation   of  References  and  Abbreviations,  see  page  ix. 


A 

A.     An  abbreviation  of  A  ulus. 

A,  ab,  abs,  prep,  with  abl.  From,  by. 

Ab-daco,  $re,  duxi,  ductum.     To  lead 

away,  take  away,  remove. 
Ab-eo,  Ire,  Ivi,  or  ii,  itum.     To  go 

away,  depart,  withdraw  from.  295. 
Ab-hinc,  adv.     Henceforth,  from  this 

time,  before,  ago,  since. 
Abjicio,  ere,jeci,  jectum,  (ab,  jacio). 

To  throw    away,  throw,   reject; 

prostrate,  humble. 
Abripio,  $re,  ripui,  reptum,  (ab,  ra- 

pio).     To  take  away,  carry  off. 
Ab-rumpo,  $re,  rupi,  ruptum.    To 

break  off  or  away,  rend,  sever. 
Absens,  entis,  part,  (absum).  Absent. 
Abstineo,   ere,    tinui,    ientum,   (abs, 

teneo).     To  keep  or  hold  back, 

abstain  from. 
Ab-sum,  esse,  fui.     To  be  absent  or 

away,  to  be  distant  from.  204,  288. 
Ab-sumo,  $re,  sumpsi,  sumptum.    To 

take  from  or  away ;  destroy,  con- 
sume. 
Ab-undo,  are,  am,  atum.    To  abound, 

abound  in,  superabound,  have  an 

abundance. 
Ab-utor,  uti,  usus  sum,  dep.     To  use 

up,  consume,  abuse. 


Ac,  a  shortened  form  of  atquc.  And. 
Ac  si,  as  if. 

Acca,  ae,  f.  Acca,  a  Roman  name. 
Acca  Laurentia,  ae,  f.  Acca  Lau- 
rentia,  the  wife  of  Faustulus,  and 
nurse  of  Komulus  and  Kemus, 
(153). 

Accldo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum,  (ad,  cedo). 
To  approach,  come  to,  accede  to ; 
be  added  to.  Accedit,  impers.,  it 
is  added,  there  is  the  additional 
fact  that. 

Accendo,  $re,  cendi,  censum,  (ad, 
candeo).  To  set  on  fire,  kindle ; 
to  excite,  inflame. 

Acceptus,  a,  um,  part,  (accipio).  Ac- 
cepted; acceptable,  pleasing. 

Accipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (ad,  capio). 
To  accept,  receive. 

Accurro,  £re,  curri,  (cucnrri  rare), 
cursum,  (ad,  curro).  To  run  to, 
hasten  to. 

Accuso,  are,  am,  aium,,  (ad,  causa). 
To  call  to  account,  to  accuse. 

Acer,  acris,  acre.  Sharp ;  powerful, 
valiant;  diligent,  intense,  severe. 
163,  1. 

Acerb  us,  a,  um,  (acer).  Sour,  un- 
ripe, morose,  disagreeable, 

Achaia,  ae,  f.     Achaia,  an  important 


140 


LATIN   READER. 


[ACHILLES 


province  in  the  northern  part  of 
the  Peloponnesus. 

Achilles,  is,  m.  Achilles,  the  most 
celebrated  Grecian  hero  in  the 
Trojan  war,  son  of  Peleus  and 
Thetis,  (134). 

Acies,  li,  f.  The  order  of  battle, 
battle  array ;  line  of  soldiers  ;  ar- 
my in  battle  array. 

Acquiesco,  ere,  quicvi,  quittum  (ad, 
quiesco).  To  become  quiet,  to  re- 
pose ;  to  acquiesce  in. 

Acrlter,  acrius,  acerrime,  adv.  (acer). 
Vehemently,  valiantly.  305. 

Actium,  ii,  n.  Actium,  a  promontory 
and  town  at  the  entrance  of  the 
Ambracian  Gulf"  on  the  western 
coast  of  Greece,  celebrated  for  the 
victory  of  Augustus  over  Antony 
and  Cleopatra,  (214). 

Acuo,  ere,  m,  utum.  To  sharpen, 
quicken;  stimulate. 

Acutus,  a,  urn,  part.  (acuo).  Sharp- 
ened, pointed,  sharp,  acute,  intel- 
ligent, clear-sighted. 

Ad,  prep,  with  ace.  To,  towards ; 
until ;  at,  near. 

Ad-do,  ere,  didi,  ditum.  To  add, 
carry  to,  appoint  to. 

Ad-daco,  ere,  duxi,  dudum.  To  lead 
to,  conduct,  bring,  induce. 

Ad-eo,  adv.     So,  to  such  an  extent. 

Ad-co,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  \lurn.  To  go 
to,  approach,  visit;  encounter. 
295. 

Ad-huc,  adv.  Thus  far,  as  yet,  even 
yet;  still. 

Adimo,  ere,  emi,  emptum,  (ad,  emo). 
To  take  from,  deprive  of. 

Adipiscor,  ci,  adeptus  sum,  dep.  (ad, 
apiscor).  To  obtain,  get  posses- 
sion of. 


Adjia'o,  ere,  jtcl,  jectum,  (ad,  jacio). 
To  throw  or  cast  to  or  against,  add 
to ;  animum  adjicere,  to  direct  or 
give  attention  to. 

Ad-jungo,  ere,  junxi,  junctum.  To 
join  to,  unite  with. 

Adjator,  or  is,  m.  (adjuvo).  Aid, 
helper,  assistant. 

Ad-juvo,  are,  juvi,  jutum.  To  help, 
assist,  support. 

Ad-ministro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  ad* 
minister,  manage. 

Ad-mirabilis,  e.  Admirable,  won- 
derful. 

Ad-miratio,  em's,  f.  (admlror).  Ad- 
miration, respect. 

Admiror,  ari,  aim  sum,  dep.  (ad, 
miror).  To  admire,  wonder  at. 

Ad-mitto,  ere,  rnlsi,  missum.  To  send 
to  or  forward,  to  admit,  receive. 

Admodum,  adv.  (ad,  modus).  Very, 
exceedingly. 

Ad-moneo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  admon- 
ish, warn. 

Admonitus,  us,  m.  (admoneo).  Warn- 
ing, advice ;  instigation. 

Ad-moveo,  ere,  movi,  motum.  To 
move  to,  apply  to,  bring  to. 

Adolescens,  entis,  adj.  and  subs.,  m. 
and  f.  (adolesco).  Young,  grow- 
ing ;  a  young  man,  a  youth. 

Adolcscentia,  ae,  f.  (adolescens). 
Youth. 

Ad  olesco,  ere,  olevi,  idtum.  To  grow, 
grow  up,  increase. 

Ad-opto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  choose, 
adopt;  take  for  a  son,  daughter, 
etc. 

Ad-orior,  Iri,  ortus  sum,  dep.  To  at- 
tack, attempt,  strive ;  begin.  286,  2. 

Ad-orno,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  adorn, 
furnish,  equip. 


AKQUUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


141 


Adrastia,  ae,  f.  Adrastia,  a  district 
and  city  of  Mysia,  (237). 

Adspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (ad, 
specie).  To  see,  look  at,  behold. 

Ad-sto,  are,  stiti,  stdtum.  To  stand 
near,  stand  by. 

Ad-sum,  esse,  fid.  To  be  present 
or  at  hand,  assist,  stand  by.  204, 
288. 

Adulatio,  onis,  f.  Adulation,  flat- 
tery. 

Advectus,  a,  um,  part,  (adveho). 
Brought,  carried  to. 

Ad-veho,  Sre,  vexi,  vectum.  To  con- 
duct, convey,  import. 

Ad-venio,  ire,  vcni,  ventutn.  To  come 
to,  arrive. 

Adventus,  us,  m.  (advenio).  Arrival, 
approach. 

Adversaries,  a,  wm.adj.  (adversus). 
Opposite,  opposing. 

Adversariu*,  ii,  m.  subs,  (adversus). 
Adversary,  opponent,  antagonist. 

Adversus,  a,  um,  part,  (adverto).  Op- 
posite, over  against,  adverse,  hos- 
tile ;  fronting,  in  front. 

Adversus,  or  adversum,  adv.,  and 
prep,  with  ace.  (adverto).  Against, 
towards,  opposite  to. 

Aeacides,  ae,  m.  A  patronymic  de- 
noting a  descendant  of  Aeacus, 
who  was  the  grandfather  of  Achil- 
les. The  name  is  often  applied  to 
Achilles;  Alexander  the  Great 
also  claimed  it  for  himself,  (244). 

Aedes,  or  aedis,  is,  f.  Temple  in  the 
sing.  ;  but  in  the  plur.  dwelling, 
habitation,  house.-  132. 

Aedifieo,  dre,dvi,  <3£«m,(aedes,  facio). 
To  build. 

dediliiius,  or  aedilicius,  a,  um, 
(aedes).  Pertaining  to  the  aediles. 


Aedilitius,  i,  m.,  one  who  has  been 
aedile.  The  aediles  were  Roman^ 
magistrates  who  had  charge  of  the 
public  buildings,  highways,  &c., 
and  acted  as  city  police. 

Aeglna,  ae,  f.  Aegina,  an  island 
near  Attica,  (55). 

Aegos  flumen.  Aegospotanios,  a 
river  and  town  in  the  Thracian 
Chersonesus,  noted  for  the  defeat 
of  the  Athenians  by  Lysander, 
(22G). 

Aegrotus,  a,  um.  Sick,  ill,  diseased. 

Aegyptus,  i,  f.     Egypt,  (210). 

Aegyptius,  a,  um,  Egyptian  ;  subs. 
Aegyptius,  i,  m.,  an  Egyptian, 
(239). 

Aemilius,  ii,  m.  The  family  name 
of  several  distinguished  Romans. 
Lucius  Aemilius,  surnamed  Paul- 
us,  fell  in  the  battle  of  Cannae, 
(191).  Another  of  the  same  name 
conquered  Perseus  and  reduced 
Macedonia  to  a  Roman  province, 
(198). 

Aemulus,  a,  um.  Emulous ;  often 
as.  rival,  com-  ' 


petitor. 
Aeneas,  ac,   m.     Aeneas,   a  Trojan 

prince  who  after  the  destruction 

of  Troy  is  said  to  have  fled  into 

Italy  and    formed  a   settlement, 

(149). 

Aequalis,  e.    Equal,  like. 
Aeque,     aequius,    aequissime,    adv. 

(aequus).     Equally,  similarly. 
Aequiparo,    are,    avi,    atum.      To 

equal,  make  equal. 
Aeqmtas,  atis,  f.  (aequus).  Equality, 

equity,  justice. 
Aequus,    a,    um.     Equal,    similar; 

just,  fair ;  favorable,  propitious. 


142 


LATIN   BEADBB. 


Aer,    aeris,    in.       The   air,    atmo- 

-     sphere. 

Aestlmo,  tire,  dvi,  dtum.  To  value, 
estimate.  Farm  aestimdrc,  to  think 
little  of,  esteem  lightly. 

Aestuo,  art,  dvi,  atum.  To  be  in 
agitation;  to  be  warm,  endure 

,    heat. 

•.Adas,  dtist  f.    Age,  time  of  life,  life. 

Affcro,  ferre,  attuli,  alldtum,  (ad, 
fero).  To  bring,  carry  to,  report. 

Afficio,  ere,  fed,  fectum  (ad,  facio). 
To  affect,  influence. 

^ffiyo,  ere,  fixi,  fixum,  (ad,  flgo). 
To  affix,  fasten  to. 

Affirmo,  are,  dm,  atum,  (ad,  firmo). 
To  affirm,  confirm,  ratify. 

Afflictus,  a,  um,  part,  (affllgo).  Af- 
flicted, troubled,  prostrated. 

Affltgo,  ere,flixi,  fiictum,  (ad,  fllgo). 
To  afflict,  trouble,  overthrow. 

Affluo,  ere,  fluxi,  Jluxum,  (ad,  fluo). 
To  flow  toward ;  overflow,  abound 
in. 

Africa,  ae,  f.     Africa,  (200). 

Africdnus,  a,  um,  (Africa).  African. 
Also  the  surname  given  to  the 
two  most  distinguished  Scipios  for 
their  achievements  in  Africa  du- 
ring the  Punic  wars,  (196,  200). 

Ager,  agri,  m.  Field,  land,  terri- 
tory. 

Agesildus,  i,  m.  Agesilaus,  a  Spar- 
tan king,  (96). 

Agger,  Vris,  m.  Mound,  rampart, 
wall. 

Aggredior,  i,  gressus  sum,  dep.  (ad, 
gradior).  To  approach,  attack, 
attempt. 

Agis,  idis,  m.  Agis,  king  of  the 
Lacedaemonians  in  the  time  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  (241). 


Agitdtus,  a,  um,  part,  (agito).  Agi- 
tated, troubled. 

Agito,  are,  dviy  atum.  To  harass, 
trouble,  think  of. 

Agmen,  tnis,  n.  (ago).  An  army, 
generally  on  the  march,  band  of 
soldiers,  troop. 

Agnosco,  ere,  novi,  rittum,  (ad, 
(g)nosco).  To  recognize. 

Ago,  ere,  egi,  actum.  To  conduct, 
drive,  do,  act,  execute,  treat,  ar- 
gue; annum  vicesimum  agere,  to 
be  in  his  (or  her)  twentieth  year. 

Agricola,  ae,  m.  (ager,  colo).  Hus- 
bandman, farmer. 

Agricultura,  ae,  f.    Agriculture. 

Agrigentum,  i,  n.  Agrigentum,  a 
large  and  wealthy  town  in  Sicily. 

Agrippa,  ae,  m.  A  family  name 
among  the  Romans.  Menenius 
Agrippa  induced  the  people  who 
had  revolted  at  Rome  and  taken 
up  their  quarters  upon  Mons  Sacer 
to  return  into  the  city,  (173). 

Aio,  ais,  ait,  etc.,  defect.  To  say, 
affirm.  297,  II.  1. 

Ala,  ae,f.     Wing. 

Aldcer,  cris,  ere.  Active,  prompt, 
joyful. 

Alba,  ae,  f. ;  or  Alba  Longa,  ae,  f. 
A  city  of  Latium  founded  by  As- 
canius,  (150). 

Albdnus,  a,  um.'  Alban.  Mons  Al- 
bdnus,  a  rocky  mountain  sixteen 
miles  southeast  of  Rome,  (150). 

Albdnus,  i,  m.  An  Alban,  a  citizen 
of  Alba,  (151). 

Albus,  a,  um.     White. 

Alcibiddes,  is,  m.  Alcibiades,  an 
Athenian  general  in  the  Pelopon- 
nesianwar,  (223-225). 

Alexander,  dri,  m.   Alexander.    The 


AMPLUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


most  distinguished  of  this  name 
was  the  sou  and  successor  of 
Philip,  king  of  Macedonia,  (235- 
245).  A  second  of  the  same  name 
was  king  of  Epirus  and  son-in-law 
of  Philip,  (234). 

Alexandria,  ae,  f.  Alexandria,  a 
celebrated  city  of  Egypt,  built  by 
Alexander  the  Great ;  (239). 

Algeo,  ere,  alsi.  To  be  cold,  to  feel 
cold,  endure  cold. 

Alias.  Otherwise,  at  another  time ; 
non  alias,  on  no  other  occasion. 

Alienus,  a,  urn,  (alius).  Belonging 
to  another,  foreign ;  unfavorable. 

Aliquando.  At  some  time,  once, 
formerly,  finally,  now  at  last. 

Aliquantum,  adv.  Somewhat,  in 
some  degree. 

Aliquis,  qua,  quod,  and  quid,  (alius, 
quis).  Some  one,  some. 

Aliquot,  indecl.  pi.  adj.  Several, 
some. 

Allter,  adv.  (alius).     Otherwise. 

Alius,  a,  ud,  (gen.  alms,  etc.)  Other, 
another ;  alius  —  alius,  one  —  an- 
other :  alii — alii,  some— others, 
(149). 

Allia,  ae,  f.  The  river  Allia,  a  few 
miles  north  of  Rome,  (176). 

Alloquor,  loqui,  cutus  sum,  dep. 
(ad,  loquor).  To  speak  to,  ad- 
dress. 

Alo,  ere,  alui,  alitum  or  altum.  To 
support,  keep,  nourish,  strengthen, 
feed. 

Alpes,  ium,  f.  The  Alps,  a  high 
range  of  mountains  north  of 
Italy. 

Alte,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (altus).  On 
high,  high. 

Alter,  era,  erum,  (gen.  alterius).  One 


of  two,  the  other ;  alter — alter, 
the  one  —  the  other ;  alter  as 
numeral  —'second.  149, 149,  2. 

Altus,  a,  urn.  High,  noble,  great ; 
deep,  profound ;  altum  substan- 
tively,  the  sea,  the  deep. 

AmabUis,  e,  (amo).  Lovely,  amia- 
ble. 

Ambio,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum,  (amb,  or 
ambi,  eo).  To  surround,  encom- 
pass. 295,  3. 

Ambitio,  onis,  f.  (ambio).  Can- 
vassing, flattery,  ambition. 

Ambo,  ae,  o.     Both.    176,  2,  2. 

Amentia,  ae,  f.  (am ens).  Folly, 
want  of  reason. 

Amicitia,  ae,  f.  (amicus).  Friend- 
ship. 

Amlcus,  i,  m.     Friend. 

Amicus,  a,  um.     Friendly,  kind. 

A-mitto,  ere,  rnisi,  missurn.  To  send 
away,  to  lose. 

Ammon,  or  Hammon,  onis,  m.  An 
appellation  of  Jupiter  as  worship- 
ped in  Africa,  (239). 

Amnis,  is,  m.     River. 

Amo,  are,  dvi,  alum.     To  love. 

Amor,  oris,  m.  (amo).  Love,  affec- 
tion, desire ;  a  loved  object,  dar- 
ling. 

Amphiiheatrum,  i,  n.  Amphithe- 
atre, in  Rome  a  circular  or  oval 
building  used  for  public  specta- 
cles. 

Ample,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (amplus). 
Abundantly,  amply. 

Amplio,  are,  avi,  alum,  (amplus). 
To  enlarge. 

Amplius,  adv.  (comp.  of  amplc\ 
More,  further. 

Amplus,  a,  um.  Ample,  spacious, 
large. 


14A 


LATIN  KEADEE. 


[AMULIUS 


Amuliu8t  ii,  m.  Amulius,  son  of 
Procas  king  of  Alba  ;  he  was  the 
brother  of  Numitor,  (152). 

An,  interrog.  particle.  Or,  whether. 
346,  II,  2. 

Anaxagoras,  ae,  m.  Anaxagoras,  a 
distinguished  Greek  philosopher 
of  Clazomenae,  (112). 

Anaxarchus,  i,  m.  Anaxarchus,  a 
philosopher  of  Abdera,  who  ac- 
companied Alexander  into  Asia. 

Anccps,  ancipltis.     Twofold,  double. 

AnehlseS)  ae,  m.  Anchises,  the  fa- 
ther of  Aeneas.  43. 

Ancus,  i,  m. ;  or  Ancus  Martins,  ii, 
m.  The  fourth  king  of  Rome, 
(161). 

Angor,  oris,  m.  Anxiety,  care,  an- 
guish. 

Angwtia,  ae,  f.  (angustus),  used 
mostly  in  pi.  Narrow  pass,  diffi- 
culty ;  straits,  channel. 

Augustus,  a,  urn.  Narrow,  confined, 
contracted,  small. 

Ariima,  ae,  f.     Breath,  life. 

Animadverto,  ere,  verti,  vcrsum  (anf- 
mus,  adverto).  To  notice,  observe, 
perceive. 

Animal,  alis,  n.     Animal. 

Animus,  i,  m.     Mind,  soul,  courage. 

Anio,  Anienis,  m.  The  .Anio,  a 
small  river  of  Italy,  a  tributary  of 
the  Tiber,  (173). 

Annedo,  ere,  nexui,  nexum,  (ad,  nec- 
to).  To  tie  to,  annex,  fasten  to. 

Annulus,  or  anulus,  ?",  m.     Ring. 

Annw,  z,  m.     Year. 

AHIWUS,  a,  um,  (annus).  Lasting  a 
year,  for  a  year,  annual. 

Ante,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  Be- 
fore, in  respect  to  place  or  time ; 
formerly. 


Anlea,  adr.  (ante,  ea).  Formerly, 
hitherto. 

Ante-pdno,  ere,  posui,  posltum.  To 
place  before ;  to  prefer. 

Antc-guam,  adv.  Before,  before 
that. 

Antigunus,  i,  m.  Antigonus,  king 
of  Macedonia,  (121). 

Antiochia,  ae,  f.  Antioch,  the  chief 
city  of  Syria,  founded  by  Scleucus, 
and  named  by  him  in  honor  of  his 
father  Antiochus,  (206). 

Antidchus,  i,  m.  1.  Antiochus  the 
Great,  king  of  Syria.  2.  Antio- 
chus, the  Academic  philosopher 
and  teacher  of  Cicero,  (80). 

A?itipater,  tri,  m.  Antipater,  one  of 
Alexander's  generals  ;  after  the 
death  of  Alexander  he  received 
the  government  of  Greece  and 
Macedonia,  (241). 

Antlquus,  a,  um.     Ancient,  early. 

Antistes,  itis,  m.  and  f.  President ; 
priest,  priestess. 

Antonius,  ii,  m.  Antony ;  Marcus 
Antonius  formed  a  triumvirate 
with  Octavianus  and  Lepidus, 
(212).  Caius  Antonius  was  the 
colleague  of  Cicero  in  the  consul- 
ship,  (207). 

Anxietas,  dtis,  f.  Anxiety,  solicitude. 

Apelles,  is,  m.  Apelles,  a  distin- 
guished Greek  painter  in  the  tima 
of  Alexander  the  Great,  (97). 

Aperte,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (apertus). 
Openly,  publicly. 

Apertus, «,  um,  part,  (aperio).  Open- 
ed ;  open,  free,  clear,  manifest. 

Apollo,  mis,  m.  Apollo,  the  god  of 
divination. 

Apparatus,  us,  m.  Preparation, 
equipment. 


ARMENIA] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


145 


Apparatus,  a,  urn,  part,  (appiiro). 
Prepared,  ready,  equipped. 

Appellatio,  dnis,  f.  (appello).  Name, 
title. 

Appello,  arc,  avi,  atum,  (ad,  pello). 
To  call,  name. 

Appello,  ere,ptdi,pulsum,  (ad,  pello). 
To  drive  to,  bring  to,  induce. 

Appcto,  ere,  pellvi,  petii,  petlfum, 
(ad,  peto).  To  long  for,  strive 
after;  assail:  appetens,  entis,  de- 
siring, desirous  of. 

Appius,  ii,  m.  Appius,  a  Roman 
name.  Appius  Claudius,  ii,  m., 
one  of  the  Decemviri,  (26). 

Approbo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ad,  probo). 
To  approve,  favor. 

Appropiuquo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ad, 
propinquo).  To  approach,  come 
near. 

Apius,  a,  urn.  Fitted,  adapted,  suit- 
ed, proper. 

Apud,  prep,  with  ace.  At,  near, 
among,  at  the  house  of,  in  the 
works  of  (applied  to  authors). 

Apulia,  ae,  f.  Apulia,  a  province  in 
southern  Italy,  (204). 

Aqua,  ae,  f.     Water. , 

Aquila,  ae,  f.    Eagle. 

Ara,  ae,  f.    Altar. 

Arabs,  abis.  Arabian;  subs,  an 
Arabian,  inhabitant  of  Arabia  in 
Asia,  (26). 

Aratrum,  i,  n.     Plough. 

Arbela,  drum,  n.  Arbela,  a  town  in 
Assyria,  famous  for  the  victory  of 
Alexander  over  Darius,  (240). 

Arbitror,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  To 
think,  judge,  regard. 

Arcfo,  arcere,  arcui.  To  inclose, 
restrain,  keep  from. 

Ardea,  ae,  f.     Ardea,  a  city  of  La- 


tium,  a  few  miles  south  of  Rome, 
(167). 

Ardeo,  ere,  arsi,  arsum.  To  be  on 
fire,  burn. 

Ardesco,  ere,  arsi.  To  take  fire, 
kindle. 

Aresco,  ere,  arid.  To  become  dry, 
to  dry. 

Arethusa,  ae,  f.  Arcthusa,  a  cele- 
brated fountain  in  Sicily,  near 
Syracuse. 

Argenleus,  a,  um,  (argentum).  Made 
of  silver,  of  silver. 

Argentum,  i,  n.    Silver. 

Argos,  n.  (only  in  nom.  and  ace.),  or 
Aral,  drum,  m.  pi.  Argos,  the  ca- 
pital of  the  province  of  Argolis  in 
the  Peloponnesus ;  the  name  was 
often  applied  to  the  province  itself 
and  poetically  to  all  Greece,  (96). 

Argumentum,  i,  n.  Argument,  sign, 
mark. 

Arimmum,  i,  n.  Arimimim,  a  town 
in  Umbria  on  the  Adriatic,  (209). 

Ariovistus,  i,  m.  Ariovistus,  king 
of  a  German  tribe  in  the  time  of 
Caesar,  (47). 

Aristldes,  is,m.  Aristides,  an  Athe- 
nian general  and  statesman,  re- 
nowned for  his  integrity,  (49). 

Aristobidus,  i,  m.  A  king  of  Judea, 
who  was  taken  by  Pompey  and 
carried  as  prisoner  to  Rome,  (206). 

Aristoteles,  is,  m.  A  distinguished 
philosopher,  and  the  teacher  of 
Alexander  the  Great,  (85,  245). 

Arma,  drum,  n.  pi.  Arms,  force  of 
arms. 

Armatus,  a,  um,  part.  (anno).  Armed. 

Armenia,  ae,  f.  Armenia,  a  country 
of  Asia,  divided  by  the  river  Eu- 
phrates into  two  unequal  parts. 


146 


LATIN"   EEADEK. 


[ARMILLA 


viz. :  the  eastern,  called  Armenia 
Major,  and  the  western,  called 
Armenia  Minor,  (205). 

Armilla,  ae,  f.     Bracelet. 

Armo,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (arnia).  To 
arm. 

Arripio,  ere,  ripui,  reptum,  (ad, 
rapio).  To  seize  upon,  seize. 

Arrogans,  antis,  part,  (arrogo). 
Proud,  arrogant. 

Arrogantia,  ae,  f.  (arrogans).  Ar- 
rogance, pride. 

Arroyo,  are,  avi,  aium,  (ad,  rogo). 
To  claim,  arrogate. 

Ars,  artis,  f.    Art,  skill. 

Artaphernes,  is,  m.  Artaphernes, 
nephew  of  Darius,  (215). 

Artemisium,  ii,  n.  Artemisium,  a 
promontory  and  town  on  the  is- 
land of  Euboea,  (218). 

Artus,  us,  m. ;  sing.  rare.  Joint,  limb. 

Aruns,  Aruntis,  m.  1.  Aruns,  the 
brother  of  Tarquin  the  Proud, 
(39,  iv.).  2.  Aruns,  the  son  of 
Tarquin,  (170). 

Arx,  arcis,  f.     Citadel. 

Ascanius,  ii,  m.  Ascanius,  the  son 
of  Aeneas,  (150). 

Asia,  ae,  f.     Asia,  (16). 

Asina,  ae,  m.  Asina,  a  surname  of 
Cnaeus  Cornelius,  who  was  the 
colleague  of  Duillius  in  the  con- 
sulship in  the  early  part  of  the 
first  Punic  war,  (185). 

Aspis,  idis,  f.     Asp. 

Axporto,  are,  dm,  atum,  (abs,  porto). 
To  bear  or  carry  away. 

Assequor,  sequi,  sccutus  sum,  dep. 
(ad,  sequor).  To  overtake,  ob- 
tain. 

Asseveratio,  Gnis,  f.  Declaration, 
assertion. 


Assiduus,  a,  urn.  Assiduous ;  fre. 
quent ;  continual,  incessant,  con, 
stant. 

Assigno,  are,  dm,  dtum,  (ad,  signo). 
Assign,  bestow. 

Aslo,  for  ad-sto. 

Astrum,  i,  n.     Star,  constellation. 

Astu,  n,  indec.  City,  generally  ap- 
plied to  Athens. 

Asylum,  i,  n.  Asylum,  place  of 
refuge. 

At,  conj.     But,  yet. 

Ater,  tra,  trum.  Dark,  black, 
gloomy. 

Athenae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Athens,  the 
capital  of  Attica,  (227). 

Atheniensis,  e,  jidj.  (AthGnae). 
Athenian ;  subs.  Athenlensis,  is, 
m.,  an  Athenian,  (216). 

Atilius,  ii,  m.  Atilius,  a  Roman 
name.  See  Regains. 

Atque,  conj.  And,  and  also,  and 
besides ;  atque — atque,  both — and. 

Attains,  i,  m.  Attalus,  one  of  Phi- 
lip's generals,  (234). 

Attica,  ae,  f.  An  important  state  in 
Greece,  (216). 

Atticus,  a,  um,  (Attica).  Attic, 
Athenian ;  subs.  Atticus,  i,  m. 
An  inhabitant  or  citizen  of  At- 
tica, (36). 

Atticus,  i,  m.  Atticus,  a  surname  of 
the  Roman,  Titus  Pomponius,  (99). 

Attingo,  ere,  tigi,  tactum,  (ad,  tan- 
go). To  attain,  touch,  enter  upon, 
undertake,  commence. 

Attius,  ii,  m.  Attius,  a  Roman  name, 
(89). 

Attribuo,  ere,  tribui,  tributum,  (ad, 
tribuo).  To  attribute  to,  ascribe 
to,  to  bestow,  to  assign,  or  im' 
pute  to. 


BEKEVOLEXTIA]        LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


147 


Audor,  oriSj  m.  (augeo).  Author, 
founder,  approver,  adviser,  au- 
thority. 

Auctoritas,  dtis,  f.  (auctor).  Author- 
ity, influence. 

Audacia,  ae,  f.  (audax).  Boldness, 
insolence,  audacity. 

*  Audax,    audacis,    (audeo).       Bold, 

.-    audacious,  desperate. 

Audeo,  ere,  ausus  sum.  To  dare,  at- 
tempt. 272,  3. 

Audio,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To  hear, 
listen  to. 

Aufugio,  ere,  fiigi,  fugitum,  (ab, 
fugio).  To  flee  from ;  run  away 
from.  338,  1,  ab. 

Augeo,  ere,  auxi,  auctum.  To  en- 
large, increase. 

Augiiror,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  To 
augur,  predict,  foretell. 

Augustus,  i,  m.  Augustus,  surname 
of  Octavius  Caesar,  the  first  of 
the  Roman  Emperors.  This  sur- 
name was  also  often  applied  to 
the  Emperors  generally,  (213). 

Aulus,  i,  m.  Aulus,  a  Roman  prae- 
nomen. 

Aurarius,  a,  um,  (aurum).  Pertain- 
ing to  gold ;  auraria  metatta, 
gold  mines. 

Aureus,  a,  um,  (aurum).  Made  of 
gold,  golden.  [driver. 

Auriga,  ae,  m.  and  f.      Charioteer, 

Auris,  is,  f.     Ear. 

Aurum,  i,  n.     Gold. 

Aut,  conj.  Or;  aut — aut,  either — 
or,  partly — partly. 

Auiem,  conj.     But,  moreover. 

Auxilium,  ii,  n.  (augeo.)  Aid  ;  plur. 
auxiliaries. 

Avaritia,  ae,  f.  (avarus).     Avarice. 

Avarus,  a,  um.    Avaricious. 


Aventlnus,  i,  m.  The  Aventine,  one 
of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome,  (154). 

Averto,  ere,  verti,  versum,  (ab,  verto). 
To  avert,  turn  from,  remove. 

Avidus,  a-,  um.    Desirous,  eager. 

Avis,  is,  f.     Bird. 

Avus,  i,  m.     Grandfather. 

B. 

Babylonia,  ae,  f.  Babylonia,  a  prov- 
ince of  Syria:  also  Babylon,  the 
capital  of  Babylonia,  (243). 

Bacchantes,  ium,  pi.  (bacchor).  Vo- 
taries of  Bacchus. 

Bacchor,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  (Bac- 
chus). To  celebrate  the  festival 
of  Bacchus,  to  revel.  Bacchans, 
antis,  part,  revelling. 

Bacchus,  i,  m.  The  god  of  wine, 
(19). 

Barba,  ae,  f.     Beard. 

Barbdrus,  a,  um.  Foreign,  barbar- 
ous, rude. 

Barbarus^  i,  m.  Foreigner,  bar- 
barian. 

Bedte,  ius,  issimc,  adv.  (beatus). 
Happily. 

Beatus,  a,  um.     Happy. 

Belgae,  drum.  The  Belgians,  a  war* 
like  people  in  the  north  of  Gaul, 
(25). 

Bellicosus,  a,  um,  (bellum).  "War- 
like. 

Bella,  arc,  avi,  alum,  (bellum).  To 
carry  on  war. 

Bellum,  i,  n.    War. 

Bern,  melius,  opfime,  adv.  WelL 
305,  2. 

Beneficium,  ii,  n.  (beneficus,  from 
bene,  facio).  Benefit,  favor,  kind- 
ness. 

Benevolcntia,     ae,     f.     (benevolens, 


148 


LATIN    READER. 


[BENIGNB 


from  benc,  volo).     Kindness,  be- 
nevolence. 

Benigne,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (benig- 
nus).  Kindly. 

Benignus,  a,  urn.  Kind,  good,  be- 
nignant. 

Bestia,  ae,  f.     A  beast. 

Bestiola,  ae,  f.  (bestia).  A  small 
animal,  insect. 

Bibo,  ere,  bibi,  bibltum.     To  drink. 

Bibulus,  i,  m.  Bibulus,  a  Roman 
name ;  Lucius  Bibulus  was  Cae- 
sar's colleague  in  the  consulship, 
(208). 

Biduum,  i,  n.  (biduus).  A  period 
of  two  days. 

Biduus,  a,  urn,  (bis,  dies).  Con- 
tinuing two  days. 

Biennium,  ii,  n.  (bis,  annus).  A 
period  of  two  years,  two  years. 

Biformis,  e,  (bis,  forma).  Having 
two  forms,  biformed. 

Bini,  ae,  a,  distribute.  Two  by  two, 
two  and  two.  174,  2. 

Bis,  adv.     Twice. 

Boeotius,  ii,  m.  (Boeotia).  A  Boeo- 
tian, inhabitant  of  Boeotia  in  cen- 
tral Greece,  (229). 

Boletus,  i,  m.     Mushroom. 

Bonitas,  atis,  f.  (bonus).  Goodness, 
excellence. 

Bonum,  i,  n.  (bonus).  Blessing, 
prosperity,  any  good;  pL  bona, 
goods,  property. 

Bonus,    a,    um ;    melior,    optlmus. 

Good,  noble,  brave.    165. 
Bos,  Bovis,  m.  and  f.     Ox,  cow.  72, 
6 ;  90,  2. 

Brachium,  ii,  n.     Arm,  fore-arm. 
Brevis,  e.     Short,  brief;  brevi  (tem- 

pore),  in  a  short  time,  shortly. 
Britanriicus,     a,     um,     (Britannia, 


Great  Britain).  British,  English, 
(208). 

Britannus,  i,  m.  (Britannia).  A 
Briton,  (208). 

Brutus,  i,  m.  Brutus,  a  Roman 
name.  Lucius  Junius  Brutus  was 
one  of  the  first  consuls  of  Rome, 
(168).  Marcus  Junius  Brutus  and 
Decimus  Junius  Brutus  acted 
prominent  parts  in  the  assassina- 
tion of  Caesar,  (211). 

Byzantium,  ii,  n.  Byzantium,  a 
city  on  the  Bosphorus,  now  Con- 
stantinople. 


C.  An  abbreviation  of  Caius  ;  Cn. 
of  Cnaeus. 

Cado,  Zrc,  cecldi,  casum.  To  fall, 
fall  hi  battle,  perish. 

Caecus,  a,  um.     Blind. 

Caedes,  is,  f.  (caedo).  Slaughter, 
bloodshed. 

Caedo,  ere,  cecldi,  caesum.  To  cut, 
kiU,  slay. 

Caesar,  aris,  m.  Caesar,  a  surname 
of  the  Julian  family ;  Caius  Julius 
Caesar,  a  distinguished  general 
and  statesman.  The  title,  or  sur- 
name, Caesar,  was  also  applied 
generally  to  denote  the  Roman 
emperors,  (208). 

Caius,  ii,  m.  Caius,  a  Roman  name. 
See  Caesar. 

Calamitas,  dtis,  f.  Loss,  calamity, 
disaster. 

Collide,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (callidus). 
Shrewdly,  skilfully. 

Camillus,  i,  m.  Camillus,  a  distin- 
guished Roman  general,  (176). 

Campania,  ae,  f.  Campania,  a  prov 
ince  in  Central  Italy,  (182). 


CASTOR] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


149 


Campdnus,  a,  um,  (Campania).  Cam- 
panian,  of  Campania.  Subs,  a  Cam- 
panian,  (44,  131). 

Campus,  i,  m.  A  plain,  field  of 
battle. 

Candidus,  a,  urn.  White,  clear, 
bright,  light. 

Caninius,  ii,  m.     Caninius,   a  Ro- 

•    man  consul,  (80). 

Cannae,  arum,  f.  plur.  Cannae,  a 
village  in  Apulia,  famous  for  the 
great  victory  of  Hannibal  over  the 
Romans,  (191). 

Cannensis,  e,  adj.  (Cannae).  Belong- 
ing to  Cannae,  of  Cannae,  (194). 

Cano,  ere,  cecini,  cantum.  To  sing, 
sound,  crow. 

Canto,  arc,  avi,  atum,  (cano).  To 
sing,  play. 

Cantus,  us,  m.  (cano).  Singing, 
song,  melody. 

CapaXj  ads,  (capio).  Capacious, 
large,  comprehensive,  able. 

Capesso,  ere,  ivi,  Hum,  (capio).  To 
take,  seize;  fugam  cape$s$re,  to 
resort  to  flight,  betake  one's  self 
to  flight.  332,  2,  2. 

Capillus,  i,  m.     Hair. 

Capio,  fre,  cepi,  captum.  To  take, 
take  possession  of,  hold,  receive. 

Capitalis,  e,  (caput).  Deadly,  mor- 
tal, capitale  crimcn,  a  capital 
crime  or  offence. 

CapUolium,  ii,  n.  Capitol.  This 
term  is  applied  sometimes  to  the 
temple  of  Jupiter,  and  sometimes 
to  the  whole  Capitoline  Hill,  in- 
cluding both  the  temple  and  the 
citadel  of  Rome. 

Capra,  ae,  f.    A  she  goat. 

Captivitzs,  at'is,  f.  (captlvus.)  Cap- 
tivity, bondage. 


Capttvus,  a,  um,  (capio).  Captive, 
enslaved;  substantively,  a  prison- 
er, a  captive. 

Capius,  a,  um,  part,  (capio).  Cap- 
tured, taken. 

Capua,  ae,  f.  Capua,  the  chief  city 
of  Campania,  (204). 

Caput,  itis,  n.  Head,  capital ;  capV 
tis  damnure,  to  condemn  to 
death. 

Career,  eris,  m.     Prison. 

Careo,  ere,  carui,  carltum.  To  be 
destitute,  be  free  from,  be  with- 
out. 

Carmen,  Inis,  n.  A  song,  poem; 
poetry. 

Caro,  carnis,  f.     Flesh. 

Carpentum,  i,  n.  Chariot,  car- 
riage. 

Carthago,  Inis,  f.  Carthage,  an  an- 
cient city  in  Northern  Africa, 
(189).  Carthago  Nova.  Netf 
Carthage,  a  town  in  Spain;  now 
Carthagena,  (194). 

Carthaginiensis,  e,  adj.  (Carthago). 
Carthaginian ;  subs.  Carthagini' 
ensis,  is,  m.  a  Carthaginian,  (185). 

Carus,  a,  um.     Dear. 

Cassius,  ii,  m.  Cassius,  a  Roman 
name.  Lucius  Cassius,  one  of  the 
accomplices  of  Catiline,  (97, 
15).  Caius  Cassius,  one  of  the 
conspirators  against  Caesar, 
(213). 

Caste,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (castus). 
Virtuously,  chastely. 

Castus,  a,  um.     Chaste,  pure. 

Castellum,  i,  n.  dimin.  (castrum). 
Castle,  fortress.  315,  3. 

Castor,  oris,  m.  Castor,  son  of  Tyn- 
darns  and  brother  of  Pollux,  (63, 
9). 


150 


LATIN   READER. 


[CASTRA 


Castra,  drum,  n.  (pi.  of  castrum,  a 
castle).  Camp.  132. 

Casus,  us,  m.  (cado).  Fall,  misfor- 
tune, chance,  accident. 

Catilina,  ae,  m.  Catiline.  Lucius 
Sergius  Catillna,  the  notorious 
conspirator  against  tho  Roman 
government,  (207). 

Catinensis  or  Catiniensis,  is.  m.  A 
Catinean,  a  citizen  of  Catina,  a 
city  in  Sicily,  (223). 

Cato,  onis,  m.  Cato,  the  name  of 
several  distinguished  Romans. 
The  most  celebrated  was  Marcus 
Porcius  Cato,  the  Censor,  (88, 13). 

Catulus,  i,  m.  Catulus,  surname  of 
Caius  Lutatim,  a  Roman  consul 
at  the  close  of  the  first  Punic  war, 
(188). 

CaudJnus,  a,  um.  Caudine;  Fur- 
culae  Caudlnae,  the  Caudine 
Forks,  a  narrow  defile  near  Cau- 
dium,  in  Italy,  (179). 

Causa,  ae,  f.  Cause,  purpose,  busi- 
ness, suit  at  law. 

Causidlcus,  i,  m.  (causa,  dico). 
Pleader,  advocate;  speaker. 

Cauies,  is,  f.     A  crag,  cliff,  rock. 

Caveo,  ere,  cdvi,  cautum.  To  shun, 
avoid,  guard  against;  sibi  ab 
aliquo  cavere,  to  protect  one's  self 
from  any  one. 

Cedo,  ere,  cessi,  ccssum.  To  give 
place  to,  yield  to,  withdraw,  de- 
part. 

C?leber,  bris,  bre.  Renowned,  cele- 
brated. 

Celebro,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (celeber). 
To  celebrate,  solemnize. 

Celcr,  celeris.     Swift.     163,  1. 
Oeleritas,  atte,  f.  (celer).     Celerity, 
swiftness. 


Celeriter,  ius,  rime,  adv.  (celer) 
Swiftly,  quickly.  305,  2. 

Cetta,  ae,  f.  Store-room,  store- 
house; cella  penaria,  granary. 

Celo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  hide,  con- 
ceal. 

Censeo,  ere,  censui,  censum.  To 
think,  judge,  decree. 

Censorlnus,  i,  m.  Censorinus,  sur- 
name of  Lucius  Marcius,  a  Roman 
consul  hi  the  third  Punic  war, 
(199). 

Census,  us,  m.     Census. 

Centum,  indec.     Hundred. 

Centurio,  onis,  m.  (centum).  Cen- 
turion. 

Cerno,  ere,  crevi,  cretum.  To  per- 
ceive, see,  discern. 

Certamen,  Inis,  n.  (certo).  Contest, 
game,  engagement. 

Certdtim,  adv.  (certatus,  from  certo). 
Earnestly,  eagerly. 

Certo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  fight, 
struggle,  contend,  endeavor. 

Certus,  a,  um.  Sure,  certain ;  cer- 
tidrem  facere,  to  inform. 

Cesso,  are,  avi,  atum.,  (cedo).  To 
cease,  pause. 

Cetgrus,  a,  um,  nom.  sing.  m.  not 
used.  The  other,  the  rest. 

Chaeronea,  ae,  f.  Chaeronea,  a  town 
in  Boeotia,  the  birth-place  of  Plu- 
tarch, (232). 

Chcrsonesus,  i,  f.  The  Chersonesus, 
a  peninsula  in  Thracia,  west  of  the 
Hellespont. 

Ckristidnus,  a,  um.    Christian,  often 

used  substantivcly, 
Cicdtrix,  Ids,  f.     Scar. 
Cicero,    6ms,  m.     Cicero,  the  cele- 
brated Roman  orator,  (207). 
Cincinndtus,  i,  m.     Cincinnatus,   a 


OOEO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


151 


renowned  Roman  citizen  and  dic- 
tator, (71). 

Cineas,  ae,  m.  A  friend  and  favorite 
minister  of  Pyrrhus. 

Cingo,  ere,  cinxi,  cinctum.  To  sur- 
round, encompass  ;  crown ;  invest. 

Cinna,  ae,  m.  Cinna,  a  surname 
among  the  Romans.  Lucius  Cor- 
nelius Cinna,  confederate  of  Ma- 
rius  in  the  civil  war,  (203). 

Circa,  prep,  with  ace.  About, 
around,  among. 

Circiter,  prep,  with  ace.  About, 
near. 

Circum  —  circa. 

Circum-do,  dare,  dedi,  datum.  To 
place  around,  surround,  invest. 

Circum-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To 
go  around,  surround,  encompass, 
295. 

Circumspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum. 
(circum,  specio).  To  look  round, 
look  for,  seek. 

Circum-venio,  Ire,  vcni,  ventum.  Tu 
come  around,  encompass,  sur- 
round, circumvent,  deceive. 

Cis,  prep,  with  ace.  On  this  side 
of,  within. 

Cito,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  excite, 
urge,  hasten ;  citato  equo,  at  full 
gallop  or  speed. 

Cito,  citius,  cilissime,  adv.  (citus). 
Soon,  quickly. 

Citra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  On 
this  side. 

Citus,  a,  um.     Quick,  swift,  rapid. 

Civllis,  e,  (civis).     Civil,  domestic. 

Civilitas,  atis,  f.  (civllis).  Civility, 
politeness. 

Civis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Citizen. 

Ch"das,  atis,  f.  (civis).  City,  state, 
citizenship. 


Glades,  is,  f.  Loss,  slaughter,  de- 
struction, defeat. l 

Clam,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  or 
abl.  Secretly,  without  the  know- 
ledge of. 

Clarus,  a,  um.  Splendid,  renowned, 
illustrious,  clear. 

Classiarius,  ii,  m.  (classis).  A  ma- 
rine, pi.  naval  forces. 

Classis,  is,  f.     A  fleet. 

Claudius,  ii,  m.  The  fourth  Roman 
emperor,  (41).  Appius  Claudius^ 
one  of  the  decemviri,  (26). 

Claudo,  claudere,  clausi,  clausum. 
To  close,  shut. 

ClauduSy  a,  um.     Lame. 

Clemens^  entis.  Mild,  gentle,  clem- 
ent 

dementia,  ae,  f.  (clemcns).  Mild- 
ness, clemency. 

Cleopatra,  ae,  f.  Cleopatra,  queen 
of  Egypt,  (211).  Another  of  the 
same  name  was  the  daughter  of 
Philip  of  Macedcn,  (234). 

Clipeus,  or  clypcus,  i,  m.     Shield. 

Cloaca,  ae,  f.     Sewer,  drain. 

Cnaeus,  or  Cneus,  i,  m.  Cnaeus,  a 
Roman  name;  as  Cnaeus  Pom- 
peius. 

Coarguo,  ere,  coargui,  (cum,  arguo). 
To  arraign,  accuse,  indict;  con- 
vict. 

Codes,  ttis,  m.  Codes,  a  Roman 
surname.  Horatius  Codes,  a  Ro- 
man, distinguished  in  the  war  with 
PorsSna,  (171). 

Coelum,  i,  n.  The  heavens,  sky, 
weather. 

Coena,  ae,  f.  Principal  meal  of  the 
Romans,  supper,  dinner. 

Coeo,  Ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum,  (cum,  eo). 
To  collect,  assemble.  295. 


152 


LATIN   READER. 


[COKPl 


Coepi,  isti,  it,  def.     To  begin.     297. 

Coerceo,  ercere,  vrcui,  ercitum,  (cum, 
arceo).  To  check,  confine,  re- 
strain. 

Coglto,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  thiuk, 
ponder. 

Cogndtus,  a,  urn.  Related,  subs,  a 
relative. 

Cognitus,  a,  urn,  part,  (cognosco). 
Ascertained,  known. 

Cognomen,  inis,  n.  (cum,  noinen  or 
gnomen).  Surname. 

Cognonuno,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (cogno- 
men). To  surname,  call,  name. 

Cognosco,  ere,  novi,  nltum,  (cum, 
nosco  or  gnosco).  To  ascertain, 
learn,  recognize. 

Cogo,  ere,  coegi,  coactum.  To  col- 
lect, force,  compel. 

Cohibeo,  ere,  ui,  Itum,  (cum,  habeo). 
To  hold,  check,  confine. 

Cohors,  cohortis,  f.  Cohort,  tenth 
part  of  a  legion. 

Collatlnus,  i,  m.  Collatinus,  sur- 
name of  Tarquinius,  the  colleague 
of  Brutus  in  the  consulship, 
(169). 

Collega,  ae,  m.     Colleague. 

Colligo,  Zre,  Icgi,  lectum,  (cum,  lego). 
To  collect,  bring  together. 

Colloco,  are,  am,  atum,  (cum,  loco). 
To  place,  set,  erect ;  to  give  in 
marriage. 

Colloquium,  ii,  n.  (colloquor).     Con- 

'    versation,  interview. 

Colloquor,  loqui,  locutus  sum,  dep. 
(cum,  loquor).  To  converse,  talk 
with. 

Collum,  i,  n.     Neck. 

Colo,  ere,  colui,  cultum.  To  culti- 
vate ;  honor,  worship. 

Color,  Oris,  m.     Color,  complexion. 


Comburo,  fre,  lussi,  bustum,  (cum, 

buro  =  uro,  to  burn).     To   burn, 

consume. 

Comes,  itis,  m.  and  f.     Companion. 
Comissatio,  onis,  f.     Revelling. 
Commedtus,  us,  m.     Supplies. 
Commemoro,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (cum, 

memoro).      To  recall,  remember, 

commemorate,  mention. 
Commentor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.   To 

meditate,   muse    upon,    consider, 

think,  devise,  invent. 
Commigro,    dre,    dvi,    alum,  (cum, 

migro).     To  migrate. 
Comminuo,    ere,   minui,    minutum, 

(cum,  minuo).     To  dash  in  pieces, 

crush  ;  lessen ;  weaken. 
Committo,  ere,  mlsi,  missum,  (cum, 

mitto).     To  bring  together,  unite, 

intrust,  commit ;  pugnam  commit- 

t$re,  to  engage  in  battle. 
Commodum,  i,  n.     Advantage,  bene- 
fit. 
Commodus,   a,   um,  (cum,  modus). 

Suitable,  fit,  proper,  convenient. 
Commonefacio,     £re,   fed,  factum, 

(cum,  moneo,  facio).     To  put  in 

mind,  remind,  impress  earnestly. 
Commoror,  dri,  dtus  sum,  (cum,  mo- 

ror).     To  tarry,  delay. 
Commoveo,  ere,  movi,  motum,  (cum, 

moveo).     To  move,  excite. 
Communis,  e.     Common. 
Communiter,  adv.  (communis).     In 

common,  conjointly. 
Commutatio,  onis,  f.     Change. 
Comparo,    dre,    dvi,    atum,    (cum, 

paro).     To    prepare,    make,  pro- 
cure, compare. 
Compello,  are,  dvi,  dturn,  (cum,  pel- 

lo).     To  address,  call. 
Compello,   ere,  pidi,  puhum,  (cum, 


CONGRESSIOJ 


LATItf-ENGLISII    VOCABULARY. 


153 


pello).  To  thrust  together,  to 
force,  compel,  impel. 

Compensatio^  onis,  f.  Compensa- 
tion, exchange,  barter. 

Comperio,  Ire,  peri,  pertum.  To 
find,  find  out. 

Compes,  edis,  f.  (cum,  pes).  Fetter, 
chain. 

Compesco,  &re,  cui.  To  confine, 
check. 

Complector,  ti,  plexus  sum,  (cum, 
plector).  To  embrace,  encompass. 

Compleo,  ere,  evi,  etum,  (cum,  pleo). 
To  fill,  complete. 

Complures,  a.  More  than  one ; 
several,  very  many. 

Compono,  ere,  posui,  positum,  (cum, 
pono).  To  settle,  adjust,  adapt, 
compose. 

Comporto,  are,  am,  dtum,  (cum, 
porto).  To  carry,  bear,  collect. 

Compos,  oils,  (cum,  potis).  Having 
the  mastery  or  control  over  any- 
thing ;  sharing  in,  partaking  of. 

Comprehendo,  ere,  di,  sum,  (cum, 
prehendo).  To  seize,  arrest,  com- 
prehend. 

Concedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum,  (cum, 
cedo).  To  concede,  grant;  to  de- 
part, withdraw  ;  pass,  impers.,  it 
is  conceded. 

ContidO)  ere,  cidi,  (cum,  caclo).  To 
fall,  perish. 

Concilio,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (concilium). 
To  unite,  conciliate,  procure,  win. 

Concilium,  ii,  n.     Council,  meeting. 

Concio,  Onis,  f.     Public  assembly. 

Conclto,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (cum,  cito). 
To  raise ;  excite,  excite  rebellion. 

Concordia,  ae,  f.  (concors,  harmo- 
nious). Concord,  harmony. 

Concurro,  ere,  curri  (cucurri),  cur- 


sum,  (cum,  curro).     To  meet,  as^ 

semble ;  engage,  fight ;  rush  to. 
Conditio,  onis,  f.  (condo).  Condition, 

terms. 
Condo,  ere,  didi,  ditum,  (cum,  do). 

To   found ;  conceal,  hide ;  place, 

bury. 
Cbnduco,   ere,  duxi,  ductum,  (cum, 

duco).     To  conduct,  collect ;  hire, 

contract  for. 
Confer  o,    conferre,     contuli,    colld- 

tum,    (cum,    fero).      To    collect, 

confer,  compare ;   engage  battle  ; 

se  conferre,  to  betake  one's  self. 
Confestim,  adv.     Immediately. 
Corificio,    ere,  fed,   fcctum,    (cum, 

facio).       To    finish,     accomplish, 

make,  produce,  wear  out. 
Confido,  ere,  fisus  sum,  (cum,  fido). 

To  trust,  confide  in. 
Conflgo,  $re,  fixi,  fixum,  (cum,  figo.) 

To  transfix,  fasten  together. 
Confingo,    ere,  finxi,  Jictum,   (cum, 

fingo).     To  form,  feign,  pretend. 
Confirmo,    are,    avi,    dtum,    (cum,. 

firmo).     To  make  firm,  strength- 
en ;  encourage ;  corroborate. 
Conflsus,    a,    um,    part,   (confido). 

Trusting,  relying  upon. 
Confllgo,   ere,   flixi,  Jlictum,   (cum, 

fiigo).     To  engage,  fight. 
Confodio,    ere,  fodi,  fossum,  (cum, 

fodio).     To  pierce,  wound. 
Confugio,  ere,  fugi,  fugitum,  (cum, 

fugio).     To  flee  for  refuge. 
Congredior,  gredi,  gressus  sum,  dep. 

(cum,    gradior).      To    encounter, 

fight. 
Congrego,    dre,    dvi,    dtum,,    (cum, 

grego).     To  collect,  congregate. 
Congressio,     onis,    f.    (congredior)t 

Engagement,  battle. 


154: 


LATIN   KEADEK. 


[CONJICIO 


Conjicio,  ere,  jcci,  jectum,  (cum, 
jacio).  To  discharge,  hurl,  throw, 
drive. 

Gonjungo,  ere,  junxi,  junction,  (cum, 
jungo).  To  join,  combiDe, 

Conjuratio,  onis,  f.  (conjuro).  Con- 
spiracy. 

Conjurdtus,  a,  urn,  part,  (conjuro). 
Having  conspired. 

Conjuro,  are,  dm,  atum,  (cum, 
juro)  To  conspire. 

Conjux,  ugis,  m.  and  f.  (conjungo). 
Husband,  wife. 

Conon,  onis,  m.  Conon,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  general,  (39, 

in). 

Conor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  To  en- 
deavor, attempt. 

Conscendo,  ere,  scendi,  scensum, 
(cum,  scando).  To  ascend,  em- 
bark. 

Conscius,  a,  um.  Privy  to  ;  con- 
scious of ;  subs,  accomplice,  confi- 
dant. 

Conscribo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriptum 
(cum,  scribo).  To  summon;  to 
enrol,  arrange,  order ;  compose. 

Conscriptus,  a,  um,  part,  (conscrlbo). 
Enrolled,  assembled.  Patres  con- 
scripti,  conscript  fathers,  i.  e.  sen- 
ators. 

Consccro,  are,  am,  atum  (cum,  sa- 
cro).  To  consecrate. 

Consector,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  (cum, 
sector).  To  follow,  pursue. 

Consenesco,  ere,  senui  (cum,  senesco). 
To  grow  old. 

Vonsequor,  sequi,  secutus  sum,  (cum, 
sequor).  To  succeed,  follow,  pur- 
sue ;  secure,  obtain. 

Consero,  ere,  ui,  turn,  (cum,  sero). 
To  join  together  •,  manum 


nam  conserve,  to  join  battle,  en' 

gage  in  battle. 
Conserve,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (cum,  sep 

vo).      To  preserve,   watch  over, 

rescue. 

Considero,  are,  am,  atum.     To  in- 
spect, examine. 
Consldo,  ere,  sedi,  sessum,  (cum,  sido). 

To  encamp,  settle. 
Concilium,  ii,  n.     Counsel,  advice, 

wisdom,  intention,  design,  council. 
Consislo,   ere,    stitl,    stUum,   (cum, 

sisto).    To  place  or  station  one's 

self,  to  stand. 
ConsOlor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.   (cum, 

solor).     To  comfort,  console. 
Conspectus,     us,     m.      (conspicio). 

Sight,  presence. 
Conspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (cum, 

specie).     To  see,  observe. 
Consplcor,  dri,  dtics  sum,  dep.  (con- 
spicio).    To  behold,  see. 
Conspiratio,     cnis,     f.     (consplro). 

Union,  conspiracy. 
Constanter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (consto). 

Consistently. 

Constantia,   ae,  f.   (consto).      Con- 
stancy, firmness. 
Constat,  impers,(consto).  It  is  known, 

is  an  admitted  fact. 
Constituo,  ere,  ui,  utum,  (cum,  sta- 

tuo).     To  constitute ;  build,  erect ; 

station,  place;  appoint,  arrange, 

manage. 
Consto,  are,  stiti,  statum,  (cum,  sto). 

To  stand  together,  halt. 
Consuesco,  8re,  evi,  Hum,  (cum,  su- 

esco).     To  be  accustomed. 
Consuetudo^    mis,     f.     (consuesco). 

Custom,  usage,  habit. 
Consul,  ulis,  m.  (consiilo).     Consul, 

Roman  chief  magistrate. 


CORIOLANUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


155 


Consuldris,  e.  Consular;  subs,  one 
who  has  been  consul,  one  of  con- 
sular rank. 

Consulatus,  us,  m.  (consul).  Con- 
sulship. 

Consalo,  ere,  sului,  sultwn.  To  con- 
sult, consider ;  with  dot.  to  consult 
for  one's  good. 

Consummo,  are,  am,  dium.  To  fin- 
ish, accomplish,  complete. 

Consumo,  ere,  sumpsi,  sumptum, 
(cum,  sumo).  To  consume,  wear 
out,  waste,  use,  employ. 

Contego,  ere,  to",  tectum,  (cum,  tego). 
To  cover. 

Contemno,  ere,  tempsi,  temptum,(cum, 
temno).  To  contemn,  despise,  dis- 
regard. 

Contemptus,  us,  m.  (contemno).  Con- 
tempt, scorn,  disregard. 

Contendo,  Zre,  tendi,  tentum,  (cum, 
tendo).  To  contend,  strive,  at- 
tempt, labor;  betake  one's  self, go. 

Contentio,  onis,  f.  (contendo).  Ef- 
fort, contest,  struggle,  exertion. 

Contcntus,  a,  um.  Content,  con- 
tented. 

Continens,  entis,  (contineo).  Ad- 
joining, continuous ;  subs.  f.  con- 
tinent. 

Continentia,  ae,  f.  (contineo).  For- 
bearance, self-control. 

Contineo,  Ire,  tinui,  tentum,  (cum, 
teneo).  To  hold,  keep,  check. 

Continuo,  are,  am,  atum,  (contin- 
uus).  To  connect,  unite,  con- 
tinue. 

Contra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace. 
Against,  opposite  to,  contrary  to ; 
on  the  contrary. 

Contra-dlco,  £re,  dixi,  dictum.  To 
contradict,  object  to. 


Contraho,  &re,  traxi,  tractum,  (cum, 
traho).  To  collect,  incur,  contract. 

Contrarius,  a,  um,  (contra).  Con- 
trary to,  opposite. 

Contrucldo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (cum, 
trucido).  To  slay,  kill,  mangle. 

Contueor,  tueri,  tuitus  sum,  dep. 
(cum,  tueor).  To  survey,  look 
upon,  behold ;  consider,  ponder. 

Convalesco,  Zre,  lui,  (cum,  valesco). 
To  gain  strength,  recover. 

Conveniens,  entis,  (convenio).  Be- 
coming, fit,  proper. 

Convenienter^  ius*  issime,  adv.  (con- 
venio). Fitly,  suitably,  agreeably, 
consistently. 

Convenio,  Ire,  vcni,  ventum,  (cum, 
venio).  To  convene,  assemble, 
meet,  agree,  harmonize,  befit. 

Converto,  $re,  verti,  versum,  (cum, 
verto).  To  turn,  change,  alter, 
convert. 

Convinco,  Zre,  vici,  victam,  (cum, 
vinco).  To  conquer,  convict. 

Convivium,  ii,  n.     Feast,  banquet. 

Convoco,  are,  avi,  atum,  (cum,  voco). 
To  assemble,  call  together. 

Copia,  ae,  f.  Abundance,  supply, 
ability,  power;  pi.  forces,  stores, 
supplies. 

Cor  am,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  abl.  In 
the  presence  of,  before. 

Corintkus,  i,  f.  Corinth,  a  city  of 
Achaia,  (162). 

Corinthius,  a,  um,  (Corinthus).  Co- 
rinthian, subs.  Corinthius,  ii,  m.  a 
Corinthian,  (45). 

Coriolanus,  i,  m.  Coriolanus,  a  sur- 
name given  to  Caius  Marcius,  de- 
rived from  Corioli,  the  name  of  a 
town  which  he  had  taken  in  war, 


156 


LATIN    READEE. 


[ConioLi 


Coribli,  drum,  m.  pi.  Corioli,  a 
town  in  Latium,  (174). 

Cornelia,  ae,  f.  Cornelia,  the  mo- 
ther of  the  Gracchi,  (131). 

Cornelius,  ii,  m.  Cornelius,  the  name 
of  a  distinguished  Roman  gens, 
including  the  Scipios  ;  as,  PuUius 
Cornelius  Scipio,  (190,  194). 

Cornelius,  a,  um.  Belonging  to  the 
Cornelian  family,  (120). 

Cornu,  us,  n.  Horn,  wing  of  an 
army. 

Corona,  ae,  f.     Garland,  crown. 

Corpus,  oris,  n.     Body,  community. 

Corrlgo,  tire,  rexi,  rectum,  (cum, 
rego).  To  reform,  correct. 

Corripio,  ere,  ripui,  reptum,  (cum, 
rapio).  To  seize,  lay  hold  of. 

Corrumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum,  (cum, 
rumpo).  To  corrupt,  bribe,  seduce. 

Crassus,  i,  m.  Crassus,  a  Roman 
name,  (93).  Marcus  Licinius 
Crassus,  a  Roman  general,  (204). 

Creber,  bra,  brum.  Frequent,  nu- 
merous. 

Credo,  ere,  credidi,  creditum.  To 
trust,  believe. 

Cremera,  ae,  f.  The  Cremera,  a 
river  of  Etruria,  in  Italy,  (175). 

Creo,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  appoint, 
elect,  make. 

Cresco,  ere,  crevi,  creium.  To  grow, 
increase. 

Crimen,  inis,  n.  Crime,  accusa- 
tion. 

Criminor,  ari,  dtus  sum,  dep.  (cri- 
men).  To  accuse. 

Crinis,  is,  m.     Hair. 

Critias,  ae,  m.  Critias,  one  of  the 
thirty  tyrants  at  Athens,  (228). 

Crixus,  i,  m.  Crixus,  a  leader  in 
the  war  of  the  gladiators,  (204). 


Crucio,  are,  &vi,  dtum,  (crux).  To 
pain,  afflict,  torture. 

Crudelis,  e.     Cruel. 

Crudelltas,  dtis,  f.  (crudelis).  Cru- 
elty. 

Crudellter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (crude 
lis).  Cruelly. 

Cubitum,  i,  n.     The  elbow,  a  cubit. 

Culpa,  ae,  f.     Fault,  blame. 

Cultura,  ae,  f.  (colo).  Agriculture, 
cultivation. 

Cultus,  us,  m.  Culture,  necessaries, 
as  food,  clothing,  etc. 

Cum,  prep,  with  abl.     With. 

Cum,  conj.  =  quum. 

Cumae,  drum,  f.  Cumae,  an  ancient 
city  and  colony  in  Campania,  on 
the  sea-coast,  renowned  for  its 
Sibyl,  (49,  7). 

Cundatio,  onis,  f.  (cunctor).  De- 
lay. 

Cunctor,  ari,  atus  sum.  To  delay, 
hesitate. 

Cunctus,  a,  um.  All,  all  together, 
entire. 

Cupide,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (cupidus). 
Eagerly. 

Cupiditas,  dtis,  f.  (cupidus).  Desire, 
wish. 

Cupidus,  a,  um,  (cupio).  Desirous, 
having  desires,  avaricious,  covet- 
ous, fond  of. 

Cupio,  foe,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To  de- 
sire. 

Cur,  adv.     Why,  wherefore. 

Cur  a,  ae,  f.  Care,  management, 
anxiety. 

Cures,  ium,  f.  pi.  Cures,  the  an- 
cient capital  of  the  Sabines, 
(159). 

Curia,  ae,  f.     Senatc-housa ;  ward. 

Curiatii,  orum,  m.  pi.   The  Curiatii, 


DKDO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


157 


three  brothers  who  were  selected 
from  theAlbaa  army  to  engage 
ID  combat  with  the  three  Horatii, 
also  brothers,  from  the  Romans, 
(160).  See  note  on  "  Horatiorum 
et  Curiatwrum,"  (160). 

Curius,  ii,  m.  Curius,  a  Roman 
name,  (27). 

Curo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  care  for, 
take  care  of. 

Curro,  ere,  cucurri,  cursum.  To 
run. 

Currus,  us,  m.  (curro).     Chariot. 

Cursor,  oris,  m.  Cursor,  surname 
of  Lucius  Papirius,  dictator  in 
the  Samnite  war,  (178). 

Cursus,  us,  m.  (curro).     Course. 

Custodia,  ae,  f.  Care,  charge  of, 
custody,  confinement. 

Custodio,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum,  (custos). 
To  guard,  preserve,  watch. 

Custos,  odis,  m.  and  f.  Guard, 
keeper. 

Cyrilcus,  i,  m.  A  Cynic  philosopher, 
a  Cynic. 

Cynoscephalae,  drum,  f.  pi.  Cynos- 
cephalae,  u  Dogs'  Heads,"  two 
hills  in  Thessaly,  (197). 

Cyprus,  i,  f.  Cyprus,  an  island  in 
the  Mediterranean  sea,  near  Asia 
Minor,  (27,  11). 

Cyrus,  i,  m.  The  name  of  two  emi- 
nent Persian  princes  ;  Cyrus,  the 
Great,  the  founder  of  the  Persian 
empire,  (13),  and  Cyrus,  the  son 
of  Darius,  (225). 

D. 

Damnatio,  onis,  f.     Condemnation. 
Damno,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (damnum). 

To  condemn ;  capitiz  damndre,  to 

condemn  to  death. 


Damnum,  i,  n.     Loss,  damage. 

Darius,  ii,  m.  Darius,  a  celebrated 
king  of  Persia,  (215). 

Datis,  is,  m.  Datis,  one  of  the  gen- 
erals of  Darius,  (215). 

De,  prep,  with  abl.  From,  of,  con- 
cerning, on  the  subject  of,  over. 

Debeo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  owe, 
ought. 

Debeor,  eri,  debitus  sum,  dep.  To 
be  due,  belong. 

Debillto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  weak- 
en, disable. 

De-cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum.  To  de- 
part, withdraw,  die. 

Decem,  indecl.     Ten. 

Decemplex,  Ids,  (decem,  plico,  to 
fold).  Tenfold. 

Decem-vir,  viri,  m.     A  decemvir. 

De-cerno,  ere,  crevi,  cretum.  To  de- 
cide; contend,  fight;  decree,  in- 
trust by  decree. 

Decet,  decuit,  impers.  It  is  seemly, 
becoming,  becomes. 

Decldo,  ere,  cldi,  clsum,  (de,  caedo). 
To  cut  off;  decide,  determine. 

Decimus,  a,  um,  (decem).     Tenth. 

Decipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (de,  capio). 
To  deceive. 

De-claro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  make 
clear,  manifest;  declare,  pro- 
nounce. 

Decretum,  i,  n.  (decerno).     Decree. 

Decus,  oris,  n.     Ornament,  honor. 

De-decus,  oris,  n.     Disgrace. 

Dedicatio,  onis,  f.  (dedico).  Dedica- 
tion. 

Dedico,  are,  avi,  atum,  (de,  dico). 
To  dedicate. 

Deditio,  onis,  f.  (dedo).  Surren- 
der. 

De-do,  ere,  dldi,  ditum.     To  surren- 


158 


LATIN    READEtfv. 


[DEDUCO 


der;  devote    one's  self  to,  give 
one's  self  up  to. 

De-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  bring 
down,  conduct;  remove;  lead. 

De-fatigo,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  weary, 
fatigue. 

Defectio,  onis,  f.  (deficio).  Failure, 
eclipse,  defection. 

Dc-fendo,  ere,  fendi,  fensum.  To 
defend,  ward  off. 

De-fero,  ferre,  tuli,  latum.  To  offer, 
exhibit,  bestow,  present :  carry  or 
bear  away. 

Dejicio,  ere,  fed,  fectum,  (de,  facio). 
To  fail,  spend  itself;  be  eclipsed; 
desert,  revolt. 

Deflagro,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  burn, 
burn  down,  consume,  destroy. 

Deformis,  e,  (de,  forma).  Deformed, 
ugly. 

De-fungor,  gi,functus  sum.  To  dis- 
charge, execute ;  die. 

De-glubo,  ere,  — ,  gluptum.  To  flay, 
to  skin. 

Dein  or  deinde,  adv.  Then,  after- 
wards. 

Deiotarus,  i,  m.  Deiotarus,  a  king 
of  Galatia,  (206). 

Dejicio,  ere,  jtci,  jectum,  (de,  jacio) 
To  throw  down,  overthrow,  slay. 

De-lecto,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  allure  ; 
to  delight,  please. 

Delectus,  a,  urn,  (deligo).     Chosen. 

Deleo,  ere,  evi,  etum.  To  destroy, 
efface,  put  an  end  to. 

De-libero,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  de- 
liberate. 

Ddiciae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Delights, 
pleasures;  delight,  darling,  be- 
loved. 

Deligo,  tire,  legi,  lectum,  (de,  lego). 
To  choose,  select ;  love. 


Delirium,  ii,  n.     Madness,  dotage, 

instances  of  it. 

Delos  or  Helm,  i,  f.  Delos,  a 
small-  island  in  the  Aegean  sea, 
(27,  10). 

Delphi,  drum,  m.  pi.  Delphi,  a 
townofPhocis,  celebrated  for  the 
temple  and  oracle  of  Apollo, 
(217). 

Demardtus,  i,  m.  Demaratus,  the 
father  of  Tarquinius  Priscus, 
(162). 

De-mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersum.  To 
plunge  in,  bury  in,  sink. 

De-mitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.  To  let 
down,  drop,  send  away,  send. 

Democrltus,  i,  m.  Democritus,  a 
celebrated  Grecian  philosopher, 
(91). 

Demorior,  mori,  mortuus  sum,  (de, 
morior).  To  die. 

Demosthenes,  is,  m.  Demosthenes, 
the  most  celebrated  of  the  Gre- 
cian orators,  (92,  7). 

Demum,  adv.    At  length,  finally. 

Denarius,  ii,  m.  Denarius,  a  Ro- 
man silver  com,  worth  about  six- 
teen cents. 

Deni,  ae,  a.  Ten  by  ten,  ten  at  a 
time. 

Derilque,  adv.     Finally. 

Dens,  dentis,  m.    A  tooth. 

De-nudo,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  make 
naked,  strip. 

Denuntiatio,  onis,  f.  (denuntio).  De- 
nunciation, warning. 

De-nuntio,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  de- 
clare, denounce. 

Denuo,  adv.     Again,  afresh. 

De-petto,  8re,  puli,  pulsum.  To  drive 
away,  expel 

De-pono,    tre,  posui,  posVum.     To 


DlQNTJS 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


159 


lay  down  or  aside,  deposit,  de- 
pose. 

De-populor,  ari,  atus  sum.  To  pil- 
lage, depopulate. 

De-porto,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  carry 
off  or  away. 

Depraedor,  ari,  atus  sam,  (de,  prae- 
dor).  To  ravage,  plunder. 

Deprehendo,  ere,  di,  sum,  (de,  pre- 
hendo).  To  seize,  catch,  detect, 
surprise. 

De-pugno,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  fight. 

Derelictio,  onis,  f.  (de,  relinquo). 
Neglect,  disregard. 

De-scribo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriptum.  To 
describe  ;  impose ;  assess  ;  desig- 
nate; divide. 

Des?ro,  ere,  serui,  sertum,  (de,  sero). 
To  abandon,  desert. 

De-sidero,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  long 
for,  wish,  desire  earnestly. 

Desilio,  Ire,  silui,  sultum,  (de,  salio). 
To  alight,  dismount. 

Desino,  ere,  sivi  or  sii,  situm,  (de, 
sino).  To  cease,  desist. 

Desipio,  ere,  (de,  sapio).  To  be 
void  of  understanding,  be  foolish, 
be  delirious. 

De-sisto,  ere,  stiti,  sfltum.  To  de- 
fdst,  leave  off. 

D*speratio,  onis,  f.  (despero).  De- 
spair, desperation. 

De-spero,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  de- 
spair. 

Despicio,  fre,  spexi,  spectum,  (de, 
specio).  To  despise,  disregard. 

Desflno,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  destine, 
appoint,  design. 

De-sum,  esse,fui.  To  fail,  be  wanting. 

De-terreo,  ere,  ui,  itum.    To  deter. 

Detineo,  ire,  tenui,  tentum,  (de,  te- 
neo).  To  detain,  hinder. 


Detraho,  ere,  traxi,  tractum,  (de, 
traho).  To  draw  or  take  away  or 
from,  detract. 

Detrimentum,  i,  n.  Loss,  damage, 
detriment,  harm. 

Deus,  i,  m.     God,  deity.  See  45,  6. 

De-vasto,  are,  — ,  atum.  To  devastate, 
pillage. 

De-venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.  To  come 
down,  arrive,  reach. 

De-vinco,  ere,  vici,  victum.  To  con- 
quer. 

Dexter,  tra,  trum.  Right,  on  the 
right  hand. 

Dextra,  ae,  f.     The  right  hand. 

Di.    See  Dis. 

Diadcma,  atis,  n.     Diadem. 

Diagoras,  ae,  m.  Diagoras,  a  Rho- 
dian  athlete,  who  distinguished 
himself  in  the  Olympic  games, 
(143). 

Diana,  ae,  f.  The  goddess  Diana, 
the  daughter  of  Jupiter  and  La- 
tona,  and  sister  of  Apollo,  (97). 

Dico,  ere,tiixi,  dictum.     To  say,  call. 

Dictator  jl or  is,  m.  (dico).  Dictator, 
an  officer  appointed  by  the  Romans 
in  times  of  great  danger. 

Dido,  us,  or  onis,  f.  Dido,  the  foun- 
dress of  Carthage,  daughter  of 
Belus,  (44,  III.) 

Dies,  ei,  m.  and  f.     Day. 

Difficile,  ius,  lime,  adv.  (difficilis). 
With  difficulty. 

Difficilis,  e,  (dis,  facilis).  Difficult. 
163,  2. 

Digitus,  i,  m.     Finger. 

Digmtas,  atis,  f.  (dignus).  Dignity, 
rank,  office. 

Dignor,  «^f,  atus  sum,  (dignus).    To 
worthy,  deign. 
,  a  um.     Worthy. 


160 


LATIN   READEE. 


[DlLAEOS 


Di-ldbor,  labi,  lapsus  sum,  dep.  To 
fall  asunder,  go  to  pieces;  flee; 
scatter,  disperse. 

Dilatio,  onis,  f.     Delay,  delaying. 

Ditigens,  entis,  (diligo).  Fond  of, 
.mindful,  diligent,  observant. 

Dlligenter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (diHgens). 
Carefully,  diligently,  earnestly. 

Diligentia^  ae,  f.  (diligens).  Dili- 
gence. 

Ditigo,  Vrc,  lexi,  leclum,  (dis,  lego). 
To  choose,  love. 

Dimico,  are,  avi,  atum,  (dis,  di, 
mico).  To  encounter,  fight. 

Di-mitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.  To  dis- 
miss, let  go. 

Diogenes,  is,  m.  Diogenes,  the  noted 
Cynic  philosopher  of  Greece,  (135). 

Dion,  onis,  m.  Dion,  brother-in-law 
of  the  tyrant  Dionysius  of  Syra- 
cuse, (31). 

Dionysius,  ii,  m.  Dionysius,  tyrant 
of  Syracuse,  (26). 

Dlripio,  ere,  ripui,  reptwn,  (dis,  di, 
rapio).  To  lay  waste,  pillage. 

Diruo,  £re,  dirui,  diratum,  (dis,  di, 
ruo).  To  destroy,  demolish. 

Dis,  or  di,  insep.  prep.  Asunder, 
not. 

Dis-cldo,  ere,  cessi,  ccssum.  To  de- 
part, retire  from. 

Disccptatio,  onis,  f.    Debate,  quarrel. 

Discipline,  aet  f.  Discipline,  in- 
struction. 

piscipulus,  i,  m.  (disco).     A  learner, 

'    scholar,  disciple. 

'Disco,  $re,  didici.    To  learn. 

Discordia,  ae,  f.     Strife,  discord. 

Discordo,  tire,  fivi,  dium,  (discors, 
discordant).  To  differ,  be  at  va- 
riance, disagree. 

Discrimen,  mis,  n.     Danger,  crisis. 


Dis-curro,  ere,  curri,  cursum.  To 
run  different  ways,  run  nbout, 
separate. 

Dispergo,  ere,  spersi,  spersum,  (dis, 
di,  spargo).  To  scatter,  disperse. 

Displiceo,  ere,  plicui,  plicitum,  (dis, 
placeo).  To  displease. 

Dis-puto,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  com- 
pute, estimate ;  examine,  investi- 
gate, discuss. 

Dis-sZro,  Zre,  serui,  sertum.  To  ex- 
amine, argue,  discuss. 

Dissidium,  ii,  n.     Dissension. 

Dis-similis,  e.     Unlike,  dissimilar. 

Dissimulo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  dis- 
semble, conceal,  omit. 

Dis-sipo,  Gre,  avi,  atum.  To  dissi- 
pate, scatter. 

Dis-solvo,  £re,  solvi,  solutum.  To  de- 
stroy, abolish,  dissolve. 

Dis-tribuo,  ere,  tribui,  tributum.  To 
distribute. 

Districtue,  a,  um,  (distringo).  Busy, 
occupied  with. 

Distringo,  &re,  strinxi,  strictum,  (di, 
stringo).  To  occupy,  engage  at 
tention. 

Ditio,  onis,  f.     Rule,  swav. 

Diu,  diutius,  diutissime,  adv.  Long, 
for  a  long  time. 

Diutinus,  a,  um,  (diu).  Of  long  du- 
ration, lasting. 

Diuturnitas,  ails,  f.  (diuturnus). 
Long  time. 

Diversus,  a,  um.  Diverse,  unlike, 
opposite. 

Dives,  itis.     Rich. 

Divico,  onis,  m.  Divico,  a  distin- 
guished Helvetian  general,  (85, 5). 

Divido,  £re,  divlsi,  divisum.  To  di- 
vide, allot. 

Divlnm,  a,  um.     Divine. 


EDO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


-.;  n-n 

iol 


Divitiae,  arum,  f.  (dives).  Riches, 
wealth. 

Divus,  a,  um.  Divine;  subs,  god, 
goddess. 

Do,  dare,  dedi,  datum.  To  give, 
grant,  impute,  allow. 

Doceo,  Ire,  ui,  turn.     To  teach. 

Doctrma,  ae,  f.     Instruction,  learn- 

i    ing,  erudition,  doctrine. 

Doctus,  a,  um,  (doceo).  Learned, 
skilled. 

Documentum,  i,  n.  Lesson,  proof, 
specimen,  mark. 

Dolabella,  ae,  m.  Dolabella,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Publius  Cornelius 
Dolabella,  son-in-law  of  Cicero, 
(122). 

Doleo,  ere,  ui,  itum.     To  grieve. 

Dolor,  oris,  m.  (doleo).     Pain,  grief. 

Dolus,  i,  m.     Artifice,  deceit. 

Domesficus,  a,  um,  (domus).  Domes- 
tic, private,  personal. 

Domicilium,  ii,  n.  (domus).  Habi- 
tation, abode. 

Dominatio,  onis.     Rule,  tyranny. 

Dominatus,  ^ls,  m.  Rule,  sove- 
reignty. 

Dominus,  i,  m.     Master,  owner. 

Domo,  are,  ui,  Ktum.     To  subdue. 

Domus,  us  or  i,  f.  House,  home  ; 
domi,  at  home. 

Donee,  conj.     Until. 

Dono,  are,  avi,  atum,  (donum).  To 
give,  present  with. 

Donum,  i,  n.  (do).     Present,  gift. 

Dormio,  ire,  wi  or  ii,  itwn.  To 
sleep,  slumber,  rest. 

•Dos,  dotis,  f.     Gift,  dowry. 

Drusus,  i,  m.  Drusus,  son  of  the 
Emperor  Tiberius,  (146). 

Dubitatio,  onis,  f.  (dubito).  Doubt, 
hesitation. 


Dubito,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  doubt, 
hesitate. 

Dubius,  a,  um.  Doubtful ;  ncut.  oj 
ten  subs,  doubt. 

Ducenti,  ae,  a.     Two  hundred. 

Duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  lead, 
conduct ;  with  uxorem,  to  marry. 

Duillius,  ii,  m.  Duillius,  a  Roman 
name.  Caius  Duillius,  a  Roman 
commander  and  consul  in  the  first 
Punic  war,  (185). 

Dulcis,  e.  Sweet,  pleasant,  agreeable. 

Dum,  conj.     While,  until,  provided. 

Dum-mtdo,  conj.  So  long  as,  pro- 
vided that. 

Duo,  ae,  o.    Two,  both.     176,  2. 

Duodtcim,  indec.  (duo,  decem). 
Twelve. 

Duodecimus,  a,  um,  (duodecim). 
Twelfth. 

Duodequadragcsimus,  a,  um.  Thirty- 
eighth. 

Duo-de-viginii,  indec.     Eighteen. 

Duplex,  ids.     Double. 

Duplico,  are,  avi,  atum,  (duplex). 
To  double,  increase. 

Duritia,  ae,  f.  (durus).  Hardiness, 
austerity,  rigid  temperance,  hard- 
ship. 

Durus,  a,  um.     Hard,  harsh,  rude. 

Dux,  ducis,  m.  and  f.  (duco). 
Leader,  guide,  general. 

E 

E  or  ex,  prep,  with  abl.     From,  out 

of,  of. 

Ebrietas,  dtis,  f.     Drunkenness. 
E-disco,   Zre,  didici.     To  learn  by 

heart,  commit  to  memory. 
E-do,  edere,  edidi,  edltum.     To  set 

forth,  publish ;  do,  perform,  make, 

utter. 


162 


LATIN   READER. 


[EDOCEO 


E-doceo,  ere,  docui,  doctum.  To 
teach  one  thoroughly,  inform,  in- 
struct. 

E-daco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  lead 
out  or  forth. 

E/ero,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  enrage, 
madden,  render  unmanageable. 

Effero,  ferre,  extuli,  datum,,  (ex, 
fero).  To  bring  forth,  carry  forth 
or  out ;  elate. 

Efficio,  ere,  feci,feclum,  (ex,  facio). 
To  effect,  occasion,  accomplish, 
make,  render. 

Effluo,  ere,  fluxi,  fluxum,  (ex,  fluo). 
To  flow  out,  pass  away,  disappear. 

E/ngio,  ere,fagi,  fugitum,  (ex,  fu- 
gio).  To  flee,  escape  from,  escape. 

Ejfundo,  ere,  fadi,  fasum,  (ex,  fun- 
do).  To  pour  out,  pour ;  indulge 
in ;  squander,  waste. 

Egeo,  egere,  egui.  To  need,  to  want, 
require,  to  be  without. 

Egcria,  ae,  f.  Egeria,  a  prophetic 
nymph  from  whom  Numa  pro- 
fessed to  receive  instructions, 
(159).  . 

Ego,  mei,  I.  Egomet,  I  myself. 
184,  3. 

Egredior,  egrtdi,  egressus  sum,  dep. 
(e,  gradior).  To  go  or  come  out, 
to  go  forth,  to  go,  to  run  away. 

Egrcgie,  adv.  (egregius).  Excel- 
lently, remarkably. 

Egregius,  a,  urn.  Excellent,  dis- 
tinguished. 

Jjjficio,  ere,  cjeci,  ejectum,  (e,  jacio). 
To  throw  or  drive  out,  expel; 
reject. 

E-ldbor,  eldbi,  elapsus  sum,  dep.  To 
slip  away,  get  off,  escape. 

IZ-laboro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  labor, 
exert  one's  self. 


Elcgantia,  ae,   f.     Elegance,   taste^ 

propriety. 
Elementa,   drum,   n.   pi.     The  first 

principles,  rudiments,  elements. 
Elephantus,  i,  m.     Elephant. 
Eligo,  ere,  elegi,  electum,  (e,  lego). 

To  choose,  elect. 

Eloquens,  entis,  (eloquor).  Eloquent. 
Eloquenter,   ius,    issime,   adv.   (elo- 

quens).     Eloquently. 
Eloquentia,  ae,  f.     Eloquence. 
E-loquor,  loqui,    locutus  sum,  dep. 

To  speak  out,  utter,  declare,  tell. 
Emax,  ads,  (emo).     Eager  to  buy, 

fond  of  buying. 
E-mcrgo,    ere,  mersi,  mersum.     To 

emerge,  come  to  light,  rise  in  im- 
portance. 

Eminentia,   ae,   f.      Eminence,   ex- 
cellence. 
Emineo,  ere,  ui.      To  stand  out,  be 

prominent  or  conspicuous. 
E-milto,  ere,  misi,  missum.    To  send 

forth  or  away ;  let  go. 
Emo,  ere,   emi,  emptum.     To   buy, 

purchase. 

Emolumentum,  i,  n.     Effort,  exer- 
tion ;  gain,  profit,  advantage. 
Enim,  conj.     For,  indeed. 
E-niteo,  ere,  nitui.     To  shine  forth ; 

be  distinguished. 
Ennius,  ii,  n.     Ennius,  a  celebrated 

Roman  poet,  (120). 
Eo,  adv.      Thither;   therefore;    eo 

usque,  so  far,  to  such  an  extent. 
Eo,  ire,  Ivi   or  ii,  itum.     To   go ; 

walk,  sail,  ride,  pass.     295. 
Eddem,  adv.  (idem).     To  the  same 

place. 
Epaminondas,  ae,  m.    Epaminondas, 

a    celebrated     Theban    general, 

(92,  5). 


EXCEDO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


163 


Ephesius,  a,  um.  Ephesian,  relating 
to  Ephesus,  of  Ephesus,  born  at 
Ephesus,  (97). 

Epi gramma,  atis,  n.  Inscription, 
epigram.  90,  1. 

Eplrus,  i,  f.  Epirus,  a  province  in 
the  north  of  Greece,  (180). 

Epistola,  ae,  f.    A  letter,  epistle. 

Epulae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Food,  banquet, 
feast. 

Epulor,  ciri,  atus  sum,  (epulae).  To 
feast. 

Eques,  itis,  m.  (equus).  Horseman. 
PL  cavalry. 

Equester,  iris,  tre,  (eques).  Eques- 
trian. 

Equidem,  conj.  Indeed,  truly,  by 
all  means. 

jEquitdtus,  us,  m.     Cavalry. 

fiquus,  i,  m.  Horse :  ex  equo,  from 
a  horse,  on  horseback. 

Eretria,  ae,  f.  Eretria,  an  impor- 
tant city  on  the  island  of  Euboea, 
(16). 

Erga,  prep,  with  ace.     Towards. 

Ergo,  adv.  Therefore ;  as  subs.  abl. 
on  account  of,  for,  with  gen. 

Erigo,  ere,  erexi,  erectum,  (e,  rego). 
To  raise  up,  animate. 

Eripio,  ere,  eripui,  ereptum,  (e,  ra- 
pio).  To  snatch  or  take  away. 

Error,  oris,  m.    Error,  deception. 

Erudio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To  in- 
struct, refine,  discipline. 

Erudltus,  a,  um,  part,  (erudio). 
Learned,  instructed  in. 

E-rumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum.  To 
break  forth,  rush  forth. 

Eruo,  ere,  erui,  erutum,  (e,  ruo).  To 
root  out,  destroy. 

Esca,  ae,  f.     Food,  bait. 

Et,  conj.     And;  et — et,  both — and. 


Et-enim,  conj.     For,  truly,  because 

that,  since. 
Etiam.     Also,  even. 
Etiam-si.    Even  if,  although. 
Etiam-tum,  conj.     Even  then,   till 

then,  still. 
Elruria,  ae,  f.      Etruria,  a  country 

of  Central  Italy ;  Tuscany,  (190). 
Etruscus,  i,  m.      An  Etruscan,  inha- 
bitant of  Etruria,  (171). 
Et-si.     Even  if,  although,  though. 
Euboea,  ae,  f.    Euboea,  an  island  in 

the  Aegean  sea,  (84).  [(144). 
Euripides,is,  m.  An  Athenian  poet, 
Euphrates,  is,  m.  A  river  in  Asia,  (24). 
Eurdpa,  ae,  f.  The  continent  of 

Europe. 
Eurybiades,  is,  m.    A  king  of  Sparta, 

(219). 
E-vado,   tre,   vasi,   vasum.     To  go 

out ;  to  turn  out,  become ;  escape ; 

evade. 
E-venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.    To  come 

forth,     happen;     evenit,    ut,    it 

chanced,  that. 
E-verto,  ere,  verti,  versum.     To  pull 

down,  overthrow. 
Evoco,  are,  avi,  atum,  (e,  voco).    To 

call  forth,  summon. 
Evolo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (e,  volo).     To 

fly  or  flee  away,  hasten  away. 
Ex,  prep,  with  abl.    From.    See  e 

or  ex. 
Ex-adversum  or  ex-adversus,    adv^ 

and  prep,   with  ace.      Opposite, 

against. 

Ex-animo,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  de- 
prive of  life  or  spirit ;  kill. 
Ex-ardesco,  ere,  arsi.     To  kindle,  be 

inflamed  ;  break  out,  as  war. 
Ex-cedo,  ere,  ccssi,  cessum.    To  retire, 

withdraw. 


LATIN   READEE. 


[EXCELLO 


Ex-cello,  $re,  ccllui,  celsum.     To  ele- 
vate ;  excel,  be  eminent. 
Excelsus,  a,  um,  (excello).    Lofty. 
Excidium,  ii,  n.     Destruction,  ruin. 
Excipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (ex,  ca- 

pio).    To  take  out,  except. 
Ex-cdo,  are,  avi,  utum.      To  excite, 
i    arouse,  awaken,  strengthen. 
Excludo,  ere,  clasi,  clasum,  (ex,  clau- 

do).     To  exclude,  shut  out,  cut  off. 
Ex-coglto,  are,  avi,  utum.  To  devise, 

think  out. 
Excutio,  ere,  cussi,  cussum,  (ex,  qua- 

tio).     To  shake  or  throw  off. 
Exemplum,  i,  n.     Example. 
Ex-eo,  ire,  wi  or  ii,  itum.     To  go 

from  or  forth. 
Exerceo,  ere,  cui,'  citum,  (ex,  arceo). 

To  exercise,  practise. 
Exercitus,  us,  m.  (exerceo).     Army, 

train. 
Ex-haurio,  ire,  hausi,  hauslum.     To 

exhaust,  impoverish. 
Ex-horresco,  ere,  horrui.     To  dread, 

to  tremble  at. 
Exlgo,    ere,   egi,   actum,   (ex,   ago). 

To  drive  out,  expel ;  finish,  end ; 

demand. 

Exiguus,  a,  wn.     Small. 
Eximius,  a,  urn.      Excellent,  choice, 

remarkable. 
Eximo,  ere,  emi,  emptum,  (ex,  emo). 

To  take  away  or  from ;  exempt ; 

rescue. 
JZxistimatio,  dnis,  f.  (existtmo).     An 

opinion,  judgment,    supposition ; 

reputation. 
fixistimo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ex,  aesti- 

mo).     To  judge,  think. 
faitium,  ii,  n.  (exeo).     End,  death, 

destruction. 
Ex-orior,  oriri,    orius    sum,   dep., 


partly  of  3d  conj.  To  arise ;  be 
derived  from.  286,  2. 

Ex-orno,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  adorn, 
beautify,  embellish,  furnish,  equip. 

Exosus,  a,  um.  Hating,  hated, 
odious. 

Expedio,  ire,  wi  or  ii,  itum.  To  re- 
lease, extricate ;  also  to  be  expe- 
dient, or  profitable. 

Expeditio,  dnis,  f.  (expedio).  Expe- 
dition. 

Ex-pcllo,  ere,  pull,  pulsum.  To  ex- 
pel, drive  away,  banish. 

Ex-ptto,  ere,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
seek,  request. 

Ex-pleo,  ere,  evi,  Hum.  To  fill,  make 
full ;  fulfil. 

Ex-pllco,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  unfold ; 
adjust;  settle. 

Explorator,  oris,  m.     Explorer,  spy. 

Ex-pugno,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  take, 
conquer,  storm. 

Ex-scindo,  ere,  soldi,  scissum.  To 
destroy. 

Ex-sculpo,  £rt,  sculpsi,  sculptum.  To 
erase. 

Exsecrabilis,  e.     Detestable. 

Exsequiae,  arum,  f.  pi.     Funeral. 

Ex-sequor,  sequi,  secutus  sum.  To 
prosecute,  accomplish,  finish  ;  per- 
form. 

Exsilium,  ii,  n.    Banishment,  exile. 

Exspectath,  dnis,  f.  (exspecto).  Ex- 
pectation, high  hope. 

Ex-specto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  await, 
expect. 

Ex-stinguo,  ?re,  stinxi,  stinctum.  To 
extinguish,  destroy. 

Ex-struo,  ere.  struxi,  structum.  To 
build,  construct. 

Exsul,  ulis,  m.  and  f.    An  exile. 

Ex-templo,  adv.     Immediately. 


FlDELIS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


165 


Ex-torqueo,  Ire,  torsi,  tortum.      To 

extort,  obtain  by  force. 
Ex-traho,  ere,  traxi,  tractum.      To 

extract,  draw  out,  remove ;  rescue. 


Fabius,  ii,  m.  Fabius,  the  name  of 
a  distinguished  Roman  family. 
Quintus  Fabius  Maximus,  the 
celebrated  Roman  general  who 
so  successfully  weakened  Hanni- 
bal in  the  first  Punic  war,  (175). 

Fabridus,  ii,  m.  Fabricius,  a  dis- 
tinguished leader  of  the  Romans  in 
the  war  against  Pyrrhus,  (182). 

Fabula,  ae,  f.  Report,  narrative, 
fable,  story,  drama. 

Fades,  Ii,  f.    A  face,  appearance. 

Facile,  ius,  lime,  adv.  (facilis).  Easily. 

Facilis,  e,  (facio).     Easy. 

Faclnus,  oris,  n.  Deed,  act ;  wick- 
edness, crime. 

Facio,  ere,  fed,  fadum.  To  do,  act, 
make,  compose. 

Factio,  onis,  f.     Faction,  party. 

Facultas,  dtis,  f.  Capacity,  ability, 
resource,  opportunity  -,plur.  riches, 
property,  resources. 

Folio,  Sre,  fefelll,  fahum.  To  de- 
ceive, foil. 

Falsus,  a,  urn.    False,  spurious. 

Fama,  ae,  f.    Fame,  report. 

Fames,  is,  f.     Hunger,  famine. 

Familia,  ae,  f.  Retinue  of  slaves,  a 
family. 

Familiaritas,  dtis,  f.  Friendship, 
intimacy. 

Famula,  ae,  f.     Female  slave. 

Faunius,  ii,  m.  Fannius,  a  Roman 
name,  (43). 

Fanum,  i,  n.     Temple. 

ds,  is,  m.     A  bundle,  parcel. 


Fastidio,  Ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Hum.     To 

loathe,  despise,  disdain. 
Fatalis,  e,  (fatum).     Fated,  fatal. 
Fatigo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  oppress, 

trouble,  weary,  importune. 
fatum,  i,  n.     Fate,  destiny,  oracle. 
Fauce,  abl.  f. ;  plur.  fauces,  faudum. 

Throat,  jaws. 
Faustulus,    i,  m.       Faustulus,   the 

shepherd  who  brought  up  Romu- 
lus and  Remus,  (153). 
Faveo,  ere,  favi,  fautum.  To  favor. 
Favor,    oris,    m.   (faveo).      Favor, 

kindness. 
Felicitas,  dtis,  f.  (felix).      Felicity, 

success. 
Feliciter,    ius,   issime,   adv.   (felix). 

Happily,  prosperously. 
Felis,  is,  f.     Cat. 
Felix,  ids.     Happy. 
Femina,  ae,  f.     Woman,  fern  ale. 
Femur,  oris,  n.     Thigh. 
Fera,  ae,  f.     Wild  beast. 
Ferax,  dcis.     Fertile,  fruitful,   pro- 
ductive. 

Fere,  adv.     Almost.    <• 
Ferme,  adv.     Almost. 
Ferio,  ire.     To  strike,  beat. 
Fero,  ferre,  tuli,  latum.     To  bear, 

endure ;  raise ;  say,  tell ;  propose, 

as  law.     292. 

Ferox,  ods.      Bold,  warlike,  savage. 
Ferrum,  i,  n.     Iron,  sword. 
Fertilis,  e.     Fertile,  rich. 
Fcrus,  a,  um.     Wild,  rude,  cruel ; 

ferus  and  f  era  (subs.),  wild  animal 

or  beast. 

Fessus,  a,  um.    Wearied,  exhausted. 
Festlno,  are,  dm,  dtum.    To  hasten. 
Festus,  a,  um.  Festal ;  fcstum  (subs.), 

a  festival,  feast. 
Fidelis,  e,  (fides).  Faithful,  trusty. 


16G 


LATIN   READER. 


Fides,  ei,  f.      Fidelity,   allegiance ; 

protection,  confidence,  assurance ; 

infidem,  under  protection. 
Fido,   ere,    fisus   sum.       To   trust, 

confide. 

Fiduda,  ae,  f.     Trust,  confidence. 
Filia,  ac,  f.,  dat.  and  abl.  pi.  filiabus. 

Daughter.     42,  3,  4). 
Filius,  ii,  m.    Son. 
Fingo,  ere,  finxi,  fidum.     To  form, 

feign,  represent. 
Finio,    ire,   wi,   Hum,   (finis).      To 

finish,  put  an  end  to. 
Finis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Limit,  end ;  pi. 

territory. 
Finitimus,   a,    um.      Neighboring; 

subs,  a  neighbor. 
Fio,  fieri,  faclus  sum,  pass,  of  f  ado. 

To  be  made ;    become,  happen. 

294. 

Firme,  adv.     Firmly,  resolutely. 
Firmitas,  dtis,  f.  (firmus).  Firmness, 

strength. 

Firmus,  a,  um.    Strong,  secure,  firm. 
Ftagitiosus,  a,  um.     Infamous,  aban- 
doned. 
Flagitium,  ii,  n.     Disgrace,  shame, 

base  deed. 
Flagro,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  burn,  be 

carried  on  with  zeal. 
Flaminius,  ii,  m.     Flaminius,  a  Ro- 
man consul,  defeated  by  Hannibal 

at  the  Lake  Trasimenus,  (190). 
Flamma,  ae,  f.     Flame. 
Flcclo,  ere,  Jlexi,  flexum.     To  bend, 

turn. 

ricfus,  us,  m.     Weeping,  tears. 
Florcns,  eiitls,  (floreo).      Blooming, 

youthful,  excellent.    Florens  actas, 

youth. 
Floresco,    ere,  florui,  (floreo).      To 

bloom,  flourish,  prosper ;  excel. 


Flos,  oris,  m.     Blossom,  flower. 

Flumen,  mis,  n.     Stream,  river. 

Fluvius,  ii,  m.    River. 

Foederatus,  a,  um.  Confederate, 
allied. 

Foedus,  eris,  n.  League,  alliano^ 
treaty. 

Fons,  ontis,  m.     Spring,  fountain. 

For  em,  es,  etc.=essem,  es,  etc.,  Might 
be ;  fore—futurum  esse.  See  297, 
III.  2. 

Formo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  form, 
fashion,  adjust. 

Fors,  fortis,  f.  Chance ;  abl.  forte 
as  adv.,  by  chance,  perchance. 

Forsitan,  (fors,  sit,  an).     Perhaps. 

Fortasse.     Perhaps. 

Forte.     See  fors. 

Fortis,  e.     Brave,  valiant. 

Fortiter,  ius,  issimc,  adv.  (fortis). 
Bravely. 

Fortitudo,  mis,  f.  (fortis).  Forti- 
tude, bravery. 

Fortuna,  ae,  f.    Fortune. 

Forum,  i,  n.    Market-place,  forum. 

Fossa,  ae,  f.     Ditch,  trench. 

Frango,  ere,  fregi,  fraction.  To 
break. 

Frater,  tris,  m.     Brother. 

Fraus,  dis,  f.     Fraud,  deceit. 

Frequenter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  Fre- 
quently, in  great  numbers. 

Fretus,  a,  um.  Trusting,  relying 
upon. 

Fructus,  us,  m.     Fruit,  produce. 

Frugatttas,  atis,  f.  Frugality,  in- 
tegrity. 

Frumentum,  i,  n.     Corn,  grain. 

Fruor,  frw,  fruttus  and  frudus 
sum,  dep.  To  enjoy, 

Frustra,  adv.     In  vain. 

Fuga,  ae,  f.    Flight. 


GRACCHUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


167 


Fugio,  Zre,  fugi,  fugiium.  To  fly, 
flee,  avoid,  shun. 

Fujo,  are,  am,  alum.  To  rout,  put 
to  flight. 

Fulgur,  uris,  n.  Lightning,  thun- 
derbolt. 

Fulguratio,  onis,  f.     Lightning. 

Fulmen,  mis,  n.  Lightning,  thun- 
derbolt. 

Fundamentum,  i,  n.     Foundation. 

Fundltus,  adv.     Utterly,  entirely. 

Fundo,  ere,  fudi,  fusum.  To  pour 
out,  shed,  rout;  also  to  make, 
cast. 

Funesius,  a,  urn,  (funus).  Deadly, 
destructive ;  mournful,  sad. 

Fungor,fungi,funclussum,  dep.  To 
discharge,  perform,  pay. 

Furcula,  ae,  f.  Fork.  Furculae 
Caudlnae  ;  see  Caudlnus. 

Furius,  ii,  m.  Furius,  a  Roman  fa- 
mily name,  as  Marcus  Furius  Ca- 
millus  ;  see  Camillus. 

Furor,  oris,  m.    Fury,  madness. 

Furtum,  i,  n.     Theft. 

Futurus,  a,  um,  part.  (sum).  Future. 

G. 

Galatia,  ae,  f.  Galatia,  a  country 
of  Asia  Minor,  (206). 

Gallia,  ae,  f.  The  ancient  country 
of  Gaul,  (209). 

Gallicus,  a,  um,  (Gallia).     Gallic. 

Gallma,  ae,  f.     Hen. 

Gallus,  i,  m.     A  cock. 

Gallus,  i,  m.  (Gallia).  A  Gaul,  a 
native  of  Gaul,  (39,  III.). 

Gaudeo,  ere,  gavlsus  sum.  To  re- 
joice, take  pleasure  in.  272,  3. 

Gaudium,  ii,  n.     Joy,  pleasure. 

Geminus,  a,  um.     Twin,  double. 

Gemma,  ae,  f.     Gem. 


Gener,  eri,  m.     Son-in-law. 

Genero,  are,  am,  alum,  (genus).  To 
beget,  create,  produce. 

Geriitus,  a,  um,  part,  (gigno).  Born, 
produced. 

Gens,  gentis,  f.  Family,  clan,  tribe, 
nation,  race.  Ubinam  gentium, 
where  in  the  world  ? 

Genus,  Sris,  n.  Race,  family,  peo- 
ple, kind. 

Gcrmania,  ae,  f.  Germany,  (39, 
V.). 

Germanus,  i,  m.  (Germania).  A 
German,  (30). 

Gero,  ere,  gessi,  gestum.  To  bear, 
wear ;  carry  on,  perform ;  wage, 
as  war. 

Gestio,  Ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To  de- 
sire, long  for. 

Gigno,  ere,  genui,  genitum.  To 
bring  forth,  beget,  produce. 

Glacialis,  e.     Icy,  freezing. 

Gladiator,  oris,  m.  Gladiator,  a 
fighter  at  the  public  games. 

Gladiatorius,  a,  um,  (gladiator). 
Gladiatorial. 

Gladius,  ii,  m.     Sword, 

Glisco,  ere.     To  grow,  spread ;  rise. 

Gloria,  ae,  f.     Glory. 

Glorior,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  To 
boast,  exult,  glory. 

Gracchus,  i,  m.  Gracchus,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Sempronius  Grac- 
cJms,  the  Roman  general  defeat- 
ed  by  Hannibal  at  the  Trebia, 
(190).  Gracchi,  drum,  m.  pi. 
The  Gracchi,  members  of  the 
Gracchus  family,  but  especially 
the  two  brothers,  Tiberius  Corne- 
lius Gracchus  and  Caius  Corne- 
lius Gracchus,  famous  in  the  poli- 
tical history  of  Rome,  (131). 


168 


LATIN   KEADEK. 


[GRADUS 


Gradns,  us,  m.   Step,  position,  stair. 

Graece,  adv.  (Graecus).  In  the 
Greek  language,  in  Greek. 

Graecla,  ae,  f.     Greece,  (210). 

Graecus  or  Graius,  a,  urn,  (Grae- 
eia).  Grecian.  Subs.  Graecus 
or  Grains,  i,  m.  A  Greek,  (30, 
8). 

Grammatical,  ae,  f.     Grammar. 

Grammaticus,  a,  urn.  Of  or  be- 
longing to  grammar,  grammatical. 

Grandis,  e.     Large,  great. 

Grando,  Inis,  f.     Hail. 

Gratia,  ae,  f.  Favor,  gratitude ; 
pi.  thanks;  gratia,  abl.  for  the 
sake  of. 

Gratiis  or  gratis,  adv.  For  nothing, 
•without  pay. 

Gratulatio,  .onis,  f.  Gratulation, 
congratulation. 

(fratus,  a,  um.  Pleasing,  accept- 
able ;  grateful. 

Gravis,  e,    Heavy,  severe. 

Gravitas,  atis,  f.  (gravis).  Weight ; 
dignity,  gravity. 

Graviter,  ius,  issimc,  adv.  (gravis). 
Heavily,  severely. 

Gravo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (gravis).  To 
burden,  load. 

Grus,  gruis,  m.  and  f.     Crane. 

Gubernator,  dm,  m.  Pilot,  ruler, 
governor. 

Guberno,  are,  avi,  atum,.  To  steer, 
pilot;  direct,  manage. 

Gt/lippus,  i,  m.  Gylippus,  a  Spar- 
tan commander  in  the  Sicilian 
expedition,  (223). 

H. 

Habeo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  have ;  re- 
gard ;  keep.  Sermonem  habere, 
to  hold  a  conversation. 


Habito,  are,  avi,  atum,  (habeo).  To 
inhabit,  live  in,  dwell  in.  332t 
I.  2. 

Habitus,  us,  m.  (habeo).  Habit, 
dress,  attire. 

Hamilcar,  aris,  m.  Hamilcar,  th« 
father  of  Hannibal,  (186). 

ffamus,  i,  m.     Fish-hook,  hook. 

Hannibal,  alis,  m.  Hannibal,  the 
celebrated  Carthaginian  general  in 
the  second  Punic  war.  (189). 

Hanno,  onis,  m.  Hanno,  a  Cartha- 
ginian general  in  the  second  Punic 
war,  (195). 

Hasdrubal,  alis,  m.  Hasdrubal, 
son  of  Hamilcar  and  brother  of 
Hannibal,  (192).  Another  of  the 
same  name  was  the  brother-in-law 
of  Hannibal,  and  the  founder  of 
New  Carthage,  in  Spain. 

Hasta,  ae,  f.     Spear. 

Hastile,  is,  n.     Spear. 

Ha&tilis,  e,  (hasta).  Belonging  to  a 
spear. 

Hand,  adv.     Not. 

Haurio,  Ire,  hausi,  haustum.  To 
drink,  draw  out,  exhaust. 

Hector,  dris,  m.  Hector,  son  of 
Priam  and  Hecuba,  the  bravest 
of  the  Trojans,  (146). 

Hedera,  ae,  f.     Ivy. 

Hellespontus,  i,  m.  Hellespont,  the 
straits  of  the  Dardanelles. 

Helvetii,  drum,  m.  The  Helvetians, 
a  people  of  Gaul,  (42). 

Hercules,  is,  m.  Hercules,  a  cele- 
brated Grecian  hero,  deified  after 
death. 

Heres,  edis,  m.  and  f.  Heir,  heir- 
ess. 

Herennius,  ii,  m.  Herennius,  the 
father  of  Pontius  Thelesinus,  who 


loo] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


169 


conquered  the  Romans  at  the  Cau- 
dine  Forks,  (179). 

Herodotus,  i,  m.  Herodotus,  a  cele- 
brated Grecian  historian,  (20). 

Heros,.6is,  m.     Hero. 

Ecu  !  interj.     Oh  !  Ah !  Alas  ! 

Hiberna,  drum,  n.  (hibernus).  Win- 
ter-quarters. 

Hie,  haec,  hoc.     This,  he,  she,  it. 

Hie,  adv.     Here,  in  this  place. 

Hiems,  emis,  f.     Storm,  winter. 

Hiero,  dnis,  m.  Hiero,  king  of  Sy- 
racuse at  the  time  of  the  first  Pu- 
nic war,  (185). 

Hierosolyma,  ae,  f.  or  drum,  n.  pi. 
Jerusalem,  the  capital  of  Judea, 
(206). 

Hinc,  adv.  (hie).  Hence,  on  this  ac- 
count, on  this  side;  hinc — hinc, 
on  the  one  side — on  the  other 
side. 

Hippias,  ae,  m.  Hippias,  son  of 
Pisistratus,  tyrant  of  Athens, 
(97). 

Hispania,  ae,  f.     Spain,  (97). 

Hispdnus,  a,  um.  Spanish ;  subs. 
Hispdnus,  i,  m.  A  Spaniard, 
(194). 

Historia,  ae,  f.     History. 

Hodie,  adv.     To-day. 

Hoedus*  i,  m.     A  kid,  young  goat. 

Jlom&rus,  i,  m.  Homer,  the  cele- 
brated Greek  epic  poet,  (134). 

Homo,  inis,  m.  and  f.  Human  being, 
man. 

Jlonestas,  atis,  f.  (honestus).  Honor, 
honesty. 

ffoneste,  ius,  isstme,  adv.  (honestus). 
,     Honorably,  nobly,  honestly. 

Honestux,  a,  um,  (honor).  Full  of 
honor,  honorable,  creditable,  wor- 
thy, virtuous. 


Honor  or  honosy  dris,   m.     Honor, 

rank,  dignity. 
Honorifice,  centius,  centissime,  adv. 

(honorificus).    Honorably.     305. 
Hondro,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (honor).  To 

honor,  reverence. 
Hora,  ae,  f.  Hour. 
Horreo,  ere,.horrui.  To  shudder, 

shudder  at,  dread. 
Horatil,  drum,  m  pi.     See  Curiatii ; 

also  note  on  "  Horatidrum  et  Cu- 

riatidrum,  (160). 
Horatius,  ii,  m,  £3ee  Codes  and 

Pulvillus. 
Hortensius,   ii,    m.     Hortensius,    a 

Roman  name.     Quintus  Horten- 

sius  Horialus,  a  celebrated  orator 

in  the  time  of  Cicero,  (84,  91). 
Hortor,  dri,    dtus  sum,    dep.     To 

exhort,  incite. 
Hosplta,  ae,  f.     Guest. 
Hostia,  ae,  f.     Victim. 
Hostility  e,  (hostis).     Hostile. 
Hostilius,  ii,  m.  Hostih'us,  a  Roman 

name.     Tullus  Hosiilius,  the  third 

king    of   Rome,    (160).       Caius 

Hostilius    MancmuSj    a     Roman 

consul,  (201). 

Hostis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Enemy. 
Humdnus,  a,  um,  (homo).     Human. 
Humilis,  e.     Humble,  small,  low. 
Humo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  bury. 
Hypdnis,   is,   m.     Hypanis,  a  river 

of  Sarmatia,  (85). 

I. 

Ibtrus,  i,  m.  Iberus,  a  river  of 
Spain,  now  the  Ebro,  (26). 

Ibi,  adv.     There,  hi  that  place. 

Ico,  ere,  id,  ictum.  To  strike; 
make,  ratify. 


170 


LATEST   KEADEK. 


[IDEM 


Idem,    eadem,    idem.      The    same 

sometimes  best  rendered  by  also. 
Idoneus,  a,  um.     Suitable,  fit. 
Igitur,    conj.       Therefore,    accord 

ingly. 

Igndvus,    a,    um.     Slothful,    indo- 
lent. 

Ignis,  is,  m.     Fire. 
Ignoro,  are,  dvi,    dtum.     To  be  ig- 
norant of,  not  know. 
Ignosco,    ere,   ignovi,  ignotum.     To 

excuse,  forgive,  overlook. 
Ilienses,    ium,   m.     Inhabitants    of 

Ilium,  Trojans,  (146). 
Ilium,  ii,  n.     Ilium,  or  Troy,  some- 
times  applied    to  the   city,    and 
sometimes  to  the  district,  (236). 
Ille,  a,  ud.     That ;  he,  she,  it. 
lllustris,  e.     Illustrious,  famous. 
ILlustro,   are,   dvi,  atum,  (illustris). 
To  enlighten,   illumine,  illustrate, 
celebrate. 

lllyricus,  a,  um,  or  Illyrius,  a,  um. 
Illyrian,  of  or  pertaining  to  Illy- 
ria,  a  country  on  the  northeastern 
coast  of  the  Adriatic,  (245).  Subs. 
Illyrlcus  or  Illyrius,  i,  m.,  an  Illy- 
rian. 

Imago,  inis,  f.     Image,  figure,  pic- 
ture. 
Imbecillus,   a,  um,  or  imbecittis,   e. 

Weak,  feeble. 
Imbuo,    Sre,    imbui,   imbutum.     To 

imbue,  impress. 
Imitdtio,  dnis,  f.     Imitation. 
Imitor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.     To  imi- 
tate, copy,  portray,  counterfeit. 
Immaturus,   a,  um,    (in,  maturus). 

Young,  immature. 
Immemor,    oris,  (in,  mem  or).     Un- 
mindful, forgetful. 

fo,  ere,  mlsi,  missum,  (in,  mit- 


to).     To  send  or  let  in ;  let  go ; 
bring  forward. 

Immortalis,   e,   (m,   mortalis).     Im- 
mortal. 
Immortalitas,   aiis,   f.   (unmortalis.) 

Immortality. 
Immunitas,  dtis,  f.     Immunity,  ex- 

emption. 

Imo  or  irnmo,  adv.     Yes  indeed,  in- 
deed, by  all  means. 
Impatiens,  entis,  (in,  patiens).     Im- 
patient. 
Impatienter,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (impa- 

tiens).     Impatiently. 
Impedimentum,  i,  n.  (impedio).    Im- 
pediment,    obstacle;     pi.      bag- 
gage. 

Impedio,    ire,    Ivi  or  ii,  Hum.     To 
impede,    embarrass ;  hinder,  pre- 
vent. 
Impello,  ere,  puli,  pulsum,  (in,  pel- 

lo).     To  impel,  induce. 
Impensa,  ae,  f.     Expense,  cost. 
Irnperdtor,  oris,  m.  (impero).     Com- 
mander, emperor. 
Imperltus,  a,  um,  (in,  perltus).    Un- 
skilled, ignorant. 
Imperium,   ii,    n.    (irnpe'ro).     Com- 
mand, power,  rule,  sway,  reign. 
Impero,   are,  avi,   atum.     To  com- 
mand, rule,  govern. 
Impetro,    are,    am,    atum.     To   ac- 
complish, obtain. 
Impetus,  us,  m.     Attack,  fury. 
Impietas,   aiis,  f.    (impius).     Want 

of  respect,  irreverence,  impiety. 
Impius,  a,  um,  (in,  pius).     Unduti- 
ful,  irreverent,  impious,  abandon- 
ed. 

rmpono,  ere,  posui,  poslium,  (in, 
pono).  To  place  or  put  in  or  to ; 
enjoin;  impose. 


INPINS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


171 


Improbo,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (in,  probo). 
To  reject. 

Imprudenter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (im- 
prudens,  imprudent).  Imprudently. 

Impubes,  tris.     Youthful,  young. 

Lnpugno,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (in,  pugno). 
To  assail,  attack. 

Jmpuhus,  us,  m.  (impello).    Instiga- 

l    tion. 

In,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Into,  to, 
for,  against,  with  ace.  ;  in,  on,  with 
abl 

Inanis,  e.  Empty,  void ;  vain,  fool- 
ish, useless. 

Incendium,  ii,  n.  (incendo).  Fire, 
conflagration. 

Incendo,  ere,  cendi,  censum.  To  set 
on  fire,  inflame,  excite. 

In-certus,  a,  um.     Uncertain. 

Incesso,  $re,  cesslvi  or  cessi.  To  at- 
tack. 

Inchoo,  are,  dvi,  dtwn.  To  begin, 
commence. 

Incido,  ere,  cidl,  cdsum,  (in,  cado). 
To  fall  into  or  upon,  fall  in  with, 
happen. 

Incido,  ere,  cldi,  clsum,  (in,  caedo). 
To  cut,  destroy. 

Incipio,  ere,  cepi,  ceptum,  (in,  capio). 
To  begin,  undertake. 

Incitamentum^  i.  n.  (incito).  Incen- 
tive, inducement. 

Incitdtus,  a,  um,  (incito).  Running ; 
equo  incitdto,  at  full  speed. 

In-cito,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  incite, 
hasten,  spur  on  ;  inspire. 

Li-dino,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  incline, 
bend ;  pass,  to  sink,  go  to  ruin. 

Incola,  ae,  m.  and  f.  (incolo).  In- 
habitant. 

In-colo,  ere,  colui,  cuUum.  To  dwell, 
a1 idle  in,  inhabit. 


In-columis,  e.     Safe,  uninjured. 

In-credibllis,  e.     Incredible. 

Incrementum,  i,  n.  Growth,  in- 
crease. 

Incursio,  onis,  f.  (incurro).  Attack, 
inroad. 

Inde,  adv.  Thence,  from  that 
place. 

Indecore,  adv.     Disgracefully. 

India,  ae,  f.  India,  an  extensive 
country  of  Asia,  (242). 

In-dlco,  ere,  dixi,  dictum.  To  de- 
clare, publish,  appoint. 

Indigeo,  ere,  indigui.  To  need ; 
part,  indigens,  as  adj.  or  subs,  in, 
digent,  an  indigent  person. 

Indignatio,  onis,  f.  (indignor).  Scorn, 
indignation. 

Indignor,  ari,  atus  sum,  (indigmis). 
To  disdain,  scorn ;  be  indignant. 

In-dignus,  a,  um.  Unworthy,  harsh, 
indecent. 

In-domltus,  a,  um.  Unsubdued,  in- 
vincible. 

In-dubitatus,  a,  um.  Undoubted,  cer- 
tain. 

Induciae,  or  indutiae,  drum,  f.  pi. 
Truce. 

In-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  in- 
duce, lead  into,  overlay,  adorn 
with,  gild. 

Induratus,  a,  um,  (indQro).  Obdu- 
rate, hardened. 

In-duro,  dre,  dvi,  atum.    To  harden. 

Industria,  ae,  f.     Industry. 

In-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  \tum.  To  enter, 
go  into ;  gratiam  inlre,  to  obtain 
the  favor  of,  conciliate.  295. 

Inermis,  e,  (in,  arma).     Unarmed. 

In/amis,  e.     Infamous,  notorious- 

Infam,  antis,  adj.  Speechless, 
dumb ;  subs,  an  infant. 


172 


LATIN    READER. 


[INFKLIX 


Ih-felix,  Icis.  Unhappy,  unfortu- 
nate. 

Jnfensus,  a,  um.  Exasperated,  en- 
raged. 

Inferior,  ius.     Inferior.     163,  3. 

In-fcro,ferre,  tuli,  illdtum.  To  carry 
against,  wage  against.  292,  2. 

Infesto,  are,  avi,  atum,  (infestus). 
To  infest,  trouble. 

Infestus,  a,  um.  Infested,  trouble- 
some, hostile. 

In-finltus,  a,  um.  Great,  infinite, 
boundless,  of  unlimited  power. 

In-flammo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  set 
on  fire,  burn,  inflame,  arouse. 

Informis,  c,  (in,  forma).  Shapeless, 
deformed. 

In-frendo,  ere,  — ,  frcssum,  frcsum. 
To  gnash  with  the  teeth. 

Infringo,  ere,  fregi,  fractum,  (in, 
frango).  To  infringe,  break. 

Infula,  ae,  f.  Fillet,  head-dress, 
badge  of  office. 

In-gemo,  ere,  ui.  To  groan,  la- 
ment. 

Ingenium,  ii,  n.  Character,  genius, 
intellect,  power. 

Ingens,  entis.     Great,  mighty. 

Ingratiis  or  ingratis,  adv.  Against 
one's  will. 

In-gratus,  a,  um.  Disagreeable, 
offensive,  ungrateful. 

In-gredior,  gredi,  gressus  sum,  dep. 
(in,  gradior).  To  enter,  encoun- 
ter. 

In-haereo,  ere,  haesi,  haesum.  To 
cleave  or  stick  to,  to  stick  fast, 
adhere. 

In-hio,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  gape, 
stand  open ;  desire,  long  for. 

Inhumanitas,  atis,  f.  (inhumanus). 
Barbarity,  incivility,  inhumanity. 


Inimicus,  a,  um,  (in,  amlcus).  Hos- 
tile ;  subs,  an  enemy. 

Inlquus,  a,  um,  (in,  aequus).  Un- 
favorable, unjust. 

Initium,  ii,  n.  (ineo).  Beginning; 
pi.  sacred  mysteries. 

Injicio,  £re,  jeci,  jecium,  (in,  jacio). 
To  throw  in;  cause;  inspire  with. 

Injuria,  ae,  f.     Injury,  wrong. 

In/juste,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (injustus). 
Unjustly. 

In-justus,  a,  um.  Unjust,  oppress- 
ive, severe. 

In-ndcens,  entis.     Innocent. 

In-notesco,  $re,  notui.  To  become 
known. 

In-noxius,  a,  um.  Harmless,  inno- 
cent. 

In-numerdbilis,  e.     Innumerable. 

In-opindtus,  a,  um.  Sudden,  unex" 
pected. 

Inguam,  defective.  To  say.  See 
297,  II.  2. 

Insania,  ae,  f.     Insanity,  folly. 

Inscitia,  ae,  f.     Ignorance. 

In-sequor,  sequi,  secutus  sum.  To  fol- 
low, pursue. 

Insidiae,  arum,  f,  pi.  Ambush, 
treachery,  plot. 

Insigne,  is,  n.  Mark,  sign ;  pi. 
badges  of  office,  insignia. 

Insignis,  e.    Distinguished,  noted. 

In-simulo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  blame, 
accuse,  charge. 

In-sisto,  ere,  stiti,  stitum.  To  per- 
sist ;  urge ;  entreat. 

In-solens,  entis.     Unusual,  insolent. 

Insolenter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (inso- 
lens).  Insolently. 

Impecto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  look 
at,  to  look  on. 

Jnspicio,  ere,  spexi,  spectum,  (in,  spe- 


INUTILIS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


173 


cio).  To  consider,  inspect,  look 
on. 

Instauro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  renew. 

Instituo,  ere,  stitui,  stitutum,  (in,  sta- 
tuo).  To  institute,  establish. 

Institutum,  i,  n.  (instituo).  Habit, 
manner,  custom,  institution. 

In-sto,  stare,  sfiti,  stdtum.  To  stand 
in  or  upon  a  thing,  be  near  to ;  to 
urge,  insist,  beg  earnestly. 

Instrumentum,  it  n.  (instruo).  Im- 
plements, movables,  goods. 

In-struo,  ere,  struxi,  structum.  To 
prepare,  build,  furnish  with, 
equip. 

Insula,  ae,  f.     Island. 

In-super.     Moreover. 

In-tactus,  a,  um.     Unharmed. 

Integer,  gra,  grum.  Whole,  entire, 
unhurt ;  just,  impartial,  neutral. 

Integritas,  atis,  f.  (integer).  Inte- 
grity, probity,  honesty. 

Intelligentia,  ae,  f.  (intelligo).  Intel- 
ligence, discernment,  understand- 
ing. 

Intelligo,  ere,  lexi,  lectum.  To  un- 
derstand, perceive,  know. 

Inter,  prep,  with  ace.  Between, 
among,  in  the  midst  of. 

Intercipio,  Zre,  cepi,  ceptum,  (inter, 
capio).  To  catch ;  intercept,  take 
from. 

Intercludo,  &rc,  clusi,  clusum,  (inter, 
claudo).  To  prevent,  cut  off. 

Inter-d,um,  adv.     Sometimes. 

Inter-ea,  adv.     In  the  mean  time. 

Inter-eo,  Ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
perish.  295. 

Inter-est,  impers.  It  concerns,  it  is 
important. 

Tnterfector,  dris,  m.  (interficio), 
Murderer. 


I  Interficio,  Zre,  fed,  fectum,  (inter, 
facio).  To  kill,  slay. 

Interim,  adv.  In  the  mean  time, 
meanwhile. 

Interimo,  ere,  emi,  emptum,  (inter, 
emo).  To  deprive  of,  to  kill. 

Interior,  ius.     Interior,  inland.  166. 

Interitus,  us,  m.  (intereo).  Destruc- 
tion. 

Interjitio*  ere,  jeci,  jectum,  (inter, 
jacio).  To  place  between ;  anno 
inter je&o,  at  the  expiration  of  a 
year. 

Internecio,  onis,  f.     Slaughter. 

Inter-nuncius  or  internuntius,  ii,  m. 
Messenger. 

Interregnum^  i,  n.  An  interreign, 
interregnum. 

In-territus,  a,  um.  Fearless,  undis- 
mayed. 

Inter-rvgo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  ask, 
question. 

Inter-rumpo,  Zre,  rupi,  ruptum.  To 
break  down,  interrupt. 

Inter-sero,  Sre,  serui,  sertum.  To  al- 
lege, interpose. 

Inter-sum,  esse,fui.  To  be  present 
at,  take  part  in. 

Inter-venio,  Ire,  veni,  ventum.  To 
intervene,  occur. 

Intestinus,  a,  um.     Intestine,  civil. 

Intra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace. 
Within. 

Intro,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  enter. 

Intro-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To  en- 
ter. 295. 

In-tu€or,  fueri,  tuitus  sum.  To  look 
at,  observe. 

Intus,  adv.     Within. 

In-usitdtus,  a,  um.  Unusual,  extra- 
ordinary. 

In-utilis,  e.     Useless. 


174 


LATIN   HEADER. 


[iNVADd 


In-vado,  ere,  vtisi,  vdsum.  To  in- 
vade, seize. 

In-venio,  ire,  vgni,  ventum.  To  find, 
invent,  devise,  meet  with. 

Inveutrix,  ids,  f.  (inventor).  In-  • 
ventress. 

In-vlcem,  adv.  By  turns,  one  an- 
other. 

In-victus,  a,  urn.  Unconquered,  in- 
vincible. 

In-video,  ere,  vldi,  vlsum.     To  envy. 

Invidia,  ae,  f.     Envy,  hatred. 

Invims,  a,  um.     Odious,  hateful. 

Invlto,  are,  avi,  dtum.  To  invite, 
allure. 

Invitus,  a,  um.     Unwilling. 

Ionia,  ae,  f.  Ionia,  a  country  in  the 
western  part  of  Asia  Minor,  (224). 

Idnes,  um,  m.  pi.     The  lonians. 

Iphicrates,  is,  m.  Iphicrates,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  general.  He  rose 
from  an  humble  station  to  the 
highest  offices  of  state,  (49). 

Ipse,  a,  um.  Self,  himself,  herself, 
itself. 

Ira,  ae,  f.     Anger. 

Irascor,  irasci,  iratus  sum,  dep.  To 
be  angry,  be  in  a  rage. 

Iratus,  a,  um,  (irascor).  Enraged, 
angry,  angered. 

Irreparabilis,  e.     Irrecoverable. 

Irrideo,  ere,  rlsi,  r'isum,  (in,  rideo). 
To  ridicule,  laugh  at,  laugh. 

Irrlto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  provoke, 
irritate,  incite. 

Irrumpo,  ere,  rupi,  ruptum,  (in, 
rumpo).  To  rush  into,  make  an 
incursion  into. 

7s-,  ea,  id.     He,  she,  it,  that,  such. 

Isocrates,  is,  m.  Isocrates,  a  famous 
orator  and  teacher  of  rhetoric  at 
Athens,  (45). 


Iste,  a,  ud.  That,  such;  sometimes 
used  in  contempt. 

Ister,  tri,  m.  The  river  Danube. 
This  name  is  applied  to  the  lower 
part  of  the  river,  the  upper 
part  taking  the  name  Danubius, 
(215). 

Ita,  adv.  Thus,  so  ;  to  such  an  ex- 
tent. 

Italia,  ae,  f.     Italy,  (180). 

Italicus  or  Italus,  a,  um.  Italian ; 
subs.  Italus,  i,  m.,  an  Italian, 
(148). 

Itd-que,  adv.  Therefore,  and  thus, 
accordingly. 

Her,  itineris,  n.  Way,  march,  route, 
road. 

Iterum,  adv.     Again,  a  second  time. 


Jaceo,  ere,  ui,  itum.     To  lie. 

Jacio,  ere,  jcci,  jacium.     To  throw, 

hurl ;  also,  to  lay,  place,  erect. 
Jaculum,  i,  n.  (jacio).     Dart,  javelin. 
Jam,  adv.     Now,  already. 
Janiculum,  i,  n.     Janiculum,  a  hill 

on  the  west  side  of  the  Tiber,  not 

ore  of  the  seven  hills  of  Rome, 

though  included  within  the  wall 

built  by  Aurelian    in  the  third 

century,  (148). 
Jocus,  i,  m.,  also  in  the  p\.joca,jo- 

corum.     Joke,  jest.     141. 
Jubeo,  ere,  jussi,  jussum.     To  order, 

direct. 
Jucundus,  a,  um.  Pleasing,  pleasant, 

delightful. 

Judaea,  ae,  f.     Judea,  (206). 
Judaeus,  a,  um. '  Jewish  ;  subs.  Ju- 

daeus,  i,  m.,  a  Jew,  (206). 
Judex,  icis}  m.  and  f.  ( judlco).  Judge, 

arbiter. 


LASSITUDO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


175 


Judicium,  ii,  n.  (judex).    Judgment, 

decision,  trial. 

Juiico,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  judge. 
Juyum,  i,  n.     Yoke. 
Julius,  ii,  m.     See  Caesar. 
Jungo,  tre,  junxi,  junctum.    To  join, 

unite ;  sodetdtem  jungcrc,  to  form 

a  partnership. 
Junior,   lus,   (juvenis).      Younger. 

168,  3. 
Junius,  ii,  m.       Junius,  a  Roman 

name ;    as   Caius  Junius,   consul 

and  dictator,  (20,  7).    See  Brutw. 
Jupiter,  Jovis,  m.     Jupiter,  king  of 

the  gods.     66,  3. 
Juro,  are,  avi,  dtum.     To  take  oath, 

swear. 

Jus,  juris,  n.    Right,  justice,  autho- 
rity,  control;  jure,  with  or  by 

right,  justly,  properly. 
Jusiitia,  ae,  f.  (Justus).     Justice. 
Justus,  a,  um,  (jus).     Just. 
Juvenca,  ae,  f.     Heifer,  cow. 
Juvencus,  i,  m.    A  young  bullock. 
Juvenis,  e.     Young ;  subs,  a  youth. 

168,  3. 
Juventus,  utis,  f.  (juvenis).     Youth ; 

the  period  of  youth. 
Juvo,  are,  juvi,  jutum.    To  help,  aid, 

assist,  support. 


L.    An  abbreviation  of  Lucius. 
Labienus,  i,  m.     Labienus,  a  Roman 

name.     Titus  Labienus,  the  legate 

of  Caesar  in  Gaul,  (56,  14). 
Labor,  oris,  m.  Labor,  work. 
Labdro,  are,  avi,  atum,  (labor).  To 

labor,   strive,   take  pains  ;    toil ; 

suffer. 

Lac,  lactis,  n.     Milk. 
Lacedaemon,  onis,  f.     The  city  of 


Lacedaemon  or  Sparta,  the  capital 
of  Laconia,  (94). 

Lacedaemonius,  a,  um.  Lacedaemo- 
nian or  Spartan;  subs.  Lacedac- 
monius,  ii,  m.,  a  Lacedaemonian 
or  Spartan,  (123). 

Laccsso,  ere,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To  ex- 
cite, assail,  provoke. 

Laconia  or  Laconica,  ae,  f.  Laco- 
nia, a  country  of  the  Peloponnesus, 
(222). 

Laco  or  Lacon,  onis,  m.   A  Laconian. 

Lacrima  or  lacryma,  ae,  f.     Tear. 

Lacrimo  or  lacrymo,  are,  avi,  atum, 
(lacrima).  To  weep,  shed  tears. 

Lacus,  us,  m.    Lake.     116,  4. 

Laelius,  ii,  m,  Laelius,  a  Roman 
name.  Caius  Laelius,  a  celebrated 
Roman  consul  and  augur,  sur- 
named  the  Wise.  He  was  the  in- 
timate friend  of  Scipio  Africanus 
the  Younger,  (65). 

Laetitia,  ae,  f.  (laetus).  Joy,  glad- 
ness. 

Laetus,  a,  um.   Glad,  joyous,  pleased. 

Laevlnus,  i,  m.  Laevinus,  a  Roman 
name.  Publius  Valerius  Laevinus, 
a  Roman  consul,  (180).  Marcus 
Valerius  Laevinus,  also  a  Roman 
consul  and  a  distinguished  com- 
mander, (193). 

Laevus,  a,  um.  Left,  on  the  left 
hand. 

LamacJius,  i,  m.  Lamachus,  an 
Athenian  general  in  the  Sicilian 
expedition,  (223). 

Lamia,  ae,  m.  Lamia,  a  Roman 
surname,  (71). 

Lanio,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  tear  in 
pieces. 

Lassitudo,  inis,  f.  Fatigue,  weari- 
ness. 


176 


LATIN   READER. 


[LATEBRA 


Laltbra,  ae,  f.  Retreat,  hiding-place, 
pretence. 

Latlne,  adv.  (Latinus).     la  Latin. 

Latinus,  i,  m.  Latinus,  an  ancient 
king  of  the  Laurentians  in  Italy, 
(149). 

Latium,  ii,  n.  Latium,  a  country  of 
Italy  containing  Rome,  (16V). 

Latinus,  a,  um,  adj.  Latin;  subs. 
Latinus,  i,  m.,  an  inhabitant  of 
Latium,  a  Latin ;  pi.  the  Latins, 
(161). 

Latro,  onis,  m.     Robber. 

Latus,  a,  um.     Broad,  wide. 

Latus,  eris,  n.     Side. 

Laudabilis,  e,  (laudo).  Praiseworthy, 
laudable. 

Laudo,  are,  dvi,  alum,  (laus).  To 
praise. 

Laurentia,  ae,  f.     See  Acca. 

Laus,  laudis,  f.     Praise. 

Lavinia,  ae,  f.  Lavinia,  daughter  of 
Latinus  and  wife  of  Aeneas,  (149). 

Lavinium,  ii,  n.  Lavinium,  a  town 
in  Latium,  a  few  miles  south  of 
Rome,  founded  by  Aeneas,  and 
named  by  him  after  his  wife  Lavi- 
nia, (149). 

Laxo,  are,  avi,  Cttum.  To  relax, 
loosen. 

Lecttto,  are,  avi,  atum,  (lego).  To 
read  often,  with  eagerness,  to  read. 
332, 1.  2. 

Lectus,  a,  um,  (lego).     Choice,  ex- 

i    cellent. 

Legaiio,  onis,  f.     Legation,  embassy. 

Legalus,  i,  m.  Ambassador,  lieuten- 
ant, messenger. 

Lcgio,  onis,  f.  Legion,  a  body  of 
soldiers. 

Lego,  are,  avi,  atum,  (lex).  To  be- 
queathe  as  a  legacy. 


Lego,  Zre,  Icgi,  lectum.  To  choose, 
elect;  read. 

Lentulus,  i,  m.  Lentulus,  a  surname 
of  a  distinguished  Roman  family. 
Publlus  Cornelius  Lentulus,  a  con- 
spirator with  Catiline,  (97,  15). 

Leo,  Onis,  m.     Lion. 

Leomdas,  ae,  m.  Leonidas,  a  Spar- 
tan king  who  fell  at  Thermopylae, 
(124). 

Lepidus,  i,  m.  Lepidus,  one  of  the 
triumvirs  with  Octavianus  and 
Antony,  (83,  212). 

Lesbos  or  Lesbus,  i,  f.  Lesbos,  a 
celebrated  island  in  the  Aegean 
Sea,  (49,  12). 

Letalis,  e,  (letum).      Deadly,  mortal. 

Letum,  i,  n.     Death. 

Leuctra,  orum,  n.  pi.  Leuctra,  a 
small  town  in  Boeotia,  celebrated 
for  the  victory  of  Epaminondas 
over  the  Lacedaemonians,  (229). 

Leuctricus,  a,  um.  Of  or  belonging 
to  Leuctra ;  Leuctrian,  (230). 

Levis,  e.    Light,  easy. 

Leviter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (levis). 
Lightly,  slightly. 

Lex,  legis,  f.     Law,  condition,  terms. 

Liber,  bri,  m.     Book. 

Liber,  era,  erum.     Free. 

Liberit  orum,  m.  pi.     Children. 

Libvro,  fire,  avi,  atum,  (liber).  To 
liberate,  free. 

Libertas,  atis,  f.  (liber).  Liberty, 
freedom. 

Licet,  impers.  It  is  lawful,  is  per* 
mitted. 

Licet,  conj.     Although,  though. 

lAcinius,  ii,  m.  Licinius,  a  Roman 
name.  Publius  Licinius,  a  Roman 
consul  and  commander  in  the  war 
with  Perseus,  (198).  Marcus  Li- 


MAGNIFICE] 


LATm-ENGLTSH    VOCABULARY. 


177 


cmius  Crassus,  proconsul  in  the 
war  of  the  gladiators,  (204). 

Ligneus,  a,  um.     Wooden,  of  wood. 

Ligures,  um,  m.  pi.  The  Ligurians, 
inhabitants  of  Liguria  in  the  west- 
ern part  of  Italy,  (190). 

Lilybaeum,  i,  n.  Lilybaeum,  a  pro- 
montory on  the  southwestern  coast 
of  Sicily,  (188). 

Lis,  litis,  f.     Strife,  quarrel,  lawsuit. 

Litterae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Letter,  letters  ; 
literature.  132. 

Litus,  oris,  n.     Shore,  sea-shore. 

Locupleto,  are,  am,  atum.  To  en- 
rich, make  rich. 

Locus, i,  m.,  pi.  loci  or  loca,  n.  Place. 
141. 

Longe,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (longus). 
Much,  greatly,  by  far. 

Longinquus,  a,  um.  Remote,  dis- 
tant, long. 

Longitudo,  mis,  f.  (longus).  Length. 

Longus,  a,  um.     Long. 

Loquor,  loqui,  locutus  sum.  To 
speak,  converse. 

Lorlca,  ae,  f.     Coat-of-mail. 

Lucius,  ii,  m.  Lucius,  a  name  com- 
mon among  the  Romans  ;  as,  Lu- 
cius Tarquinius  Priscus,  (162). 

Lucretius,  ii,  m.  Lucretius,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Spurius  Lucretius, 
the  colleague  of  Publicola  in  the 
consulship,  (170). 

Lucrum,  ?,  n.  Gain,  profit,  advan- 
tage. 

Lucus,  i,  m.     Groye. 

Ludus,  i,  m.  Game,  play,  sport, 
school. 

Lugeo,  Ire,  luxi.  To  grieve,  mourn, 
weep  for. 

Lumen,  mis,  n.    A  light ;  the  eye. 

Luna,  ae,  f.     Moon. 


Luo,  ere,  lui,  luitum  or  lutum.  To 
pay  ;  expiate,  atone  for. 

Lupa,  ae,  f.     A  she-wolf. 

Lupus,  i,  m.     A  wolf. 

Lustratio,  onis,  f.  (lustro).  Expi- 
atory sacrifice;  review  attended 
with  sacrifices. 

Lustro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  purify, 
review. 

Lusus,  us,  m.  Play,  game;  jest, 
sport,  fun. 

Lutatius,  ii,  m.     See  Catalus. 

Lux,  lucis,  f.     Light,  light  of  day. 

Luxuria,  ae,  f.     Luxury,  excess. 

Lycurgus,  i,  m.  Lycurgus,  the  cele- 
brated law-giver  of  Sparta,  (95). 

Lydia,  ae,  f.  Lydia,  a  country  in 
Asia  Minor,  (225). 

Lydus,  a,  um.  Lydian,  pertaining 
to  Lydia  ;  subs,  a  Lydian,  (33). 

Lysander,  dri,  m.  Lysander,  a  ce- 
lebrated Spartan  general,  (225). 

M 

N.    An  abbreviation  of  Marcus. 

Macedonia,  ae,  f.  Macedonia,  Ma- 
cedon,  a  country  north  of  Thes- 
saly,  (193). 

Macedo,  onis,  m.  A  Macedonian, 
(230). 

Macedonicus,  a,  um,  adj.  Macedo- 
nian, (197). 

Magis,  comp.  adv.  More.  Sec  tho 
superlative,  maxime. 

Magister,  tri,  m.  Master,  leader, 
teacher. 

Magistra,  ae,  f.  Instructress,  teacher. 

Magistratus,  us,  m.  Magistracy, 
magistrate. 

Magnifice,  centius,  centissimc,  adv. 
(magnif  icus).  Magnificently,  splen- 
didly. 305. 


178 


LATIN   READER. 


[MAGXIFICE.VTER 


Magnificenter,  ins,  issime,  adv.= 
magnifies. 

Magnificentia,  ae,  f.  (raagnificus). 
Magnificence,  costliness. 

Magnificus,  a,  um  ;  comp.  magnifi- 
centior,  superl.  magnificcntissimus. 
Splendid  ;  stately ;  high-minded, 
magnificent.  164. 

Magnitude,  inis,  £  (niagnus).  Great- 
ness, size. 

Magnopere,  adv.  (magnus,  opus). 
Greatly*  earnestly. 

Magnus,  a,  um  ;  comp.  major,  su- 
perl. maximw.  Great,  large ; 
in  comp.  and  superl.  sometimes 
older,  oldest,  elder,  eldest:  ma- 
jores,  forefathers,  ancestors  ;  ma- 
jor es  natu,  elders.  165. 

Magus,  i,  m.  Generally  plur.  Magi, 
oru/n.  A  wise  man,  particularly 
among  the  Persians. 

Majestas,  atis,  f.     Majesty,  dignity. 

Major.     See  magnus. 

Male,  comp.  pejus,  superl.  pessime, 
adv.  (malus).  Badly,  with  ill 
success.  305. 

Male-dlco,  ere,  dixi,  dictum.  To  speak 
evil  of,  revile,  abuse,  rail  at. 

Maleflcus,  at  um,  (male,  facio.) 
Evil-doing,  vicious,  wicked,  hurt- 
ful. 164. 

Malo,  malle,  malui,  irregular.  To 
prefer.  293. 

Malum,  i,  a.    Misfortune,  evil. 

Malus,  a,  um;  comp.  pejor,  superl. 
pessimus.  Bad,  poor,  wicked. 
165. 

Manclnus,  i,  m.  Mancinus,  a  Ro- 
man consul  in  the  war  with  the 
Kumantians,  (201). 

Mando,  are,  am,  atum.  To  bid,  en- 
join, intrust. 


Maneo,  ere,  mansi,  mansum.  Ta 
remain. 

Manifesto,  arc,  avi,  atum.  To  show, 
manifest. 

Manius,  ii,  m.  Manius,  a  Roman 
name  ;  as,  Manius  Manlius. 

Manlius,  ii,  m%  Manlius,  a  Roman 
name.  Manius  Manlius,  a  Roman 
consul  in  the  third  Punic  war, 
(199).  Titus  Manliua,  a  Roman 
youth,  surnamed  Torquatw  for 
his  achievements  in  the  Gallic 
war,  (177). 

Mantinea,  ac,  f.  A  city  of  Arcadia, 
in  the  Peloponnesus,  (142). 

Manumitto,  ere,  mm",  missum,  (ma- 
nus,  mitto).  To  release  from  one's 
power,  emancipate,  make  free. 

Manus,  us,  f.     Hand ;  force. 

Marathon,  onis,  m.  Marathon,  a 
town  and  plain  in  Attica,  cele- 
brated for  the  victory  of  Miltiades 
over  the  Persians,  (216). 

Marathonius,  a,  ^^m.  Marathonian ; 
of  or  belonging  to  Marathon,  (97). 

Marcius,  ii,  m.  Marcius,  a  Roman 
name.  See  Ancus,  Censorlnus. 

Marcellus,  i,  m.   Roman  gen'l,  (193), 

Marcus,  i,  m.  Marcus,  a  Roman 
name,  (186). 

Mardonius,  ii,  in.  Mardonius,  a  Per- 
sian general,  defeated  by  Pausa- 
nias  in  the  battle  of  Plataea,  (221). 

Mare,  is,  n.     Sea. 

Marinus,  a,  um,  (mare).  Marine, 
of  the  sea,  from  or  by  the  sea. 

Marius,  ii,  m.  Marius,  a  Roman 
name.  Cairn  Marius,  a  distin- 
guished Roman  general,  the  con- 
queror of  Jugurtha,  and  leader  in 
the  civil  war  against  Sulla.  He 
was  consul  seven  times,  (202). 


MEUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


179 


Mars,  Martls,  m.  Mars,  the  god  of 
war;  sometimes  put  for  war  it- 
self, (152,  226). 

Massa,  ae,  f.     Mass,  lump. 

Mater,  Iris,  f.     Mother. 

Materia,  ae,  f.,  or  materics,  li,  £ 
Material. 

Matricidium,  ii,  n.     Matricide. 

Matrimonium, ii,  n.     Marriage. 

Matrona,  ae,  f.     Matron. 

Maxime,  adv.  Especially,  in  the 
highest  degree.  See  magis. 

Maximus,  a,  um ;  superlative  of 
magnus.  Greatest. 

Maximum,  i,  m.  Maximus,  a  Roman 
surname ;  as,  Quintus  Fabius  Max- 
imus,  the  famous  dictator  in  the 
second  Punic  war,  (175), 

Medwus,  i,  m.     Physician. 

Medius,  a,  um.  Middle,  midst  of, 
middle  of.  441,  6. 

Medius,  ii,  m.  Medius,  a  Thessalian, 
friend  of  Alexander  the  Great, 

'  (243). 

Medw,  a,um.  Median,  Assyrian,(5 3). 

Mehercule,  adv.  By  Hercules,  truly, 
indeed. 

Mel,  mellis,  n.     Honey. 

Melior,  ius.    Better.     See  bonus. 

Membrum,  i,  n.     Member,  limb. 

Memini,  isti,  defect.  To  remember. 
297. 

Manor,  oris.  Mindful,  endowed 
with  memory,  remembering  read- 
ily, remembering. 

Memorabilis,  e.     Memorable. 

Memoria,  ae,  f.  Memory,  recol- 
lection. 

Memphis,  is,  f.  Memphis,  a  city  of 
Egypt,  (239). 

Menander,  dri,  m.  Menander,  a 
Roman  name,  (67). 


Mendacium,  ii,  n.  Untruth,  false- 
hood, lie. 

Menenius,  ii,  m.     See  Agrippa. 

Mem,  mentis,  f.     Mind,  reason. 

Mensis,  is,  m.     Month. 

Mentio,  onis,  f.     Mention. 

Mentior,  iri,  lius  sum,  dep.  To  speak 
falsely,  lie,  cheat,  deceive. 

Merces,  edis,  f.  (mereo).  Reward, 
price,  wages. 

Mercor,  dri,  aius  sum,  dep.  To 
trade,  buy,  purchase. 

Mercurius,  ii,  m.  Mercury,  the  son 
of  Jupiter  and  Maia,  the  god  of 
eloquence,  and  the  messenger  of 
the  gods,  (19). 

Mereo,  Ire,  ui,  ilum.  To  deserve, 
merit. 

Mereor,  Iri,  itus  sum,  dep.  To  de- 
serve, earn,  merit. 

Mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersum.  To 
merge,  sink ;  destroy. 

Merito,  adv.  (mentum).  With 
good  reason,  with  reason,  deserv- 
edly. 

Meritum,  i,  n.     Reward,  merit. 

Merum,  i,  n.     Wine,  pure  wine. 

Mesopotamia,  ae,  f.  Mesopotamia,  a 
country  of  Asia,  between  the  Eu- 
phrates and  Tigris,  (24,  10). 

Metallum,  i,  n.     Metal,  mine. 

Metellus,  i,  m.  Metellus,  a  Roman 
name;  as,  Metellus  Pius,  (138). 

Melior,  iri,  mensus  sum,  dep.  To 
measure,  estimate. 

Metius,  ii,  m.     See  Suffetius. 

Meto,  ere,  messui,  messum.  To  reap,1 
mow. 

Meluo,  ere,  ui.     To  fear. 

Metus,  us,  m.     Fear,  dread. 

Meus,  a,  um,  voc.  sing.  masc.  mi. 
My,  mine.  185. 


180 


LATIK   HEADER. 


[MlGRO 


Migro,  clre,  avi,  atum.  To  migrate, 
remove. 

Miles,  itis,  m.     Soldier. 

Militaris,  e,  (miles).     Military. 

Militia,  ae,  f.  (miles).  Warfare,  mi- 
litary service,  military  affairs. 

NilUo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (miles).  To 
serve  as  a  soldier,  to  serve. 

Mille,  subs,  and  adj.  Thousand; 
millia,  subs.,  a  thousand,  a  thou- 
sand men. 

Milliarium,  ii,  n.  Milestone, 
mile. 

Miltiades,  is,  m.-  Miltiades,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  general,  con- 
queror at  Marathon,  (39,  IV.) 

Minerva,  ae,  f.  Goddess  of  wisdom, 
(22). 

Minime,  adv.     Least.     See  parum. 

Mimmus,  a,  um,  (parvus).  Smallest, 
least. 

Mimtor,  ari,  atus  sum,  dep.  To 
threaten,  menace. 

Minor,  oris.     See  Armenia. 

Minor,  us,  (parvus).    Smaller,  less. 

Minuo,  8re,  ui,  utum.  To  lessen, 
diminish. 

Minus,  adv.     Less.     See  parum. 

Mirabilis,  e,  (miror).     Wonderful. 

Mirificus,  a,  um,  (mirus,  facio). 
Causing  wonder,  wonderful,  mar- 
vellous. 

Miror,  ari,  alus  sum,  dep.  To  won- 
der, admire. 

Mirus,  a,  um.  Wonderful,  sur- 
prising. 

Miser,  era,  Zrum.  Unfortunate,  un- 
happy, worthless,  miserable,  sad. 

Misereo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  pity ;  of- 
ten impersonal ;  mistret  me,  I  pity. 

Misereor,  eri,  miscrtus  or  miseritus 
sum,  dep.  To  pity. 


Miseria,  ae,  f.  (miser).  Misery, 
affliction. 

Misericordia,  ae,  f.     Compassion. 

Mithridates,  is,  m.  Mithridates,  a 
celebrated  king  of  Pontus,  (202). 

Mithridaticus,  a,  um.  Mithridatic ; 
of  or  belonging  to  Mithridates, 
(202). 

Mitts,  c.    Mild,  gentle,  placid. 

Mitto,  $re,  misi,  missum.    To  send. 

Moderate,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (modera- 
tus).  With  moderation. 

Moderatio,  onis,  f.  Moderation,  self- 
control. 

Moderatus,  a,  um.  Discreet,  mod- 
erate. 

Modius  (or  um,  n.),  ii,  m.  Measure, 
a  little  more  than  a  peck. 

Modo,  adv.  Now,  only,  but,  pro- 
vided that;  modo — modo,  some- 
times— sometimes. 

Modus,  i,  m.  Manner,  measure, 
limits. 

Moenia,  ium,  n.  pi.  Walls  of  a  city, 
city. 

Moles,  is,  f.     Mole,  dam. 

Molestus,  «,  um.  Unwelcome,  irk- 
some, oppressive,  troublesome, 
painful. 

Molitio,  Onis,  f.  Undertaking,  pre- 
paration. 

Mollio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
soften. 

Momentum,  i,  n.  Weight,  influ- 
ence. 

Moneo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  advise, 
warn,  admonish. 

Monitus,  us,  m.  (moneo).     Advice. 

Mons,  montis,  m.     Mountain,  mount 

Monstro,  are,  am,  atum.    To  show. 

Mora,  ac,  f.    Delay. 

Morbits,  i,  m.    Disease. 


NATU] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


181 


Morior,  iri  or  i,  mortuus  sum,  dep. 
To  die.  282. 

Moror,  dri,  dtus  sum,  dep.  (mora). 
To  delay,  tarry. 

Mors,  mortis,  f.     Death. 

Morsus,  us,  m.     Bite. 

Mortcdis,  e.  Mortal,  deadly  ;  subs. 
mortal,  man. 

Mor lifer,  era,  Zrum,  (mors  and  fero). 
Deadly,  mortal. 

Mos,  moris,  m.  Custom,  manner; 
pi.  character,  morals. 

Motus,  us,  m.  Motion ;  commotion, 
revolt. 

Moveo,  ere,  movi,  motum.  To  move, 
excite. 

Mox,  adv.    Presently,  soon. 

Mucius,  ii,  m.  Mucius,  a  Roman 
name.  Mucius  Scaevola,  a  Roman 
youth  who  attempted  to  assassi- 
nate Porsena,  (172). 

Mucro,  onis,  m.  Point  of  sword, 
sword. 

Muliebris,  e,  (rnulier).  Belonging  to 
women,  womanly,  woman's. 

Mulier,  eris,  f.     Woman. 

Multitiido,  mis,  f.  (multus).  Mul- 
'  titude. 

Multo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  punish, 
deprive  of  by  way  of  punishment ; 
to  fine. 

Mulio,  adv.  (multus).     By  far,  much. 

Multus,  a,  um  ;  comp.  plus,  n.,  su- 
perl.  plurlmus.  Much,  many. 
165. 

Mundus,  i,  m.    World,  universe. 

Munia,  mm,  n.  pi.  Duties,  func- 
tions of  office. 

Munifaentia,  ae,  f.  Munificence,  be- 
neficence. 

Munimentum,  i,  n.  Fortification, 
defence,  covering. 


Munio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To  for- 
tify, defend. 

Munitio,  Cnis,  f.  Fortification, 
rampart. 

Munitus,  a,  un,  part,  (munio). 
Fortified. 

Munus,  eru,  n.  Reward,  present; 
service,  office. 

Munyckia,  ae,  f.  The  Athenian 
harbor  Munychia  and  the  hill 
which  rises  above  it,  (228). 

Murus,  i,  m.     Wall. 

Mus,  muris,  m.     Mouse. 

Mutatio,  onis,  f.  (muto).     Change. 

Muto,  are,  avi,  cltum.  To  change, 
alter. 

Muiuus,  a,  um.     Mutual. 

Mycale,  es,  f.  Mycale,  a  high  pro- 
montory or  mountain  of  Ionia,  in 
Asia  Minor,  (221). 

Myndii,  drum,  m.  pi.  Myndians,  in- 
habitants of  Myndus,  (135). 

Myndus  or  os,  i,  f.  Myndus,  a  city 
of  Caria,  in  Asia  Minor,  now  Men- 
dcs,  (135). 

N 

Nam,  conj.    For. 
Nam-que,  conj.     For,  but. 
Nanciscor,  nancisci,  nadus  sum,  dep. 

To  obtain,  take  advantage  of. 
Narro,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  relate, 

narrate. 
Nascor,  nasci,  natus  <  sum,  dep.      To 

be  born,  be  produced,  to  arise. 
Natalis,  e,  (nascor).     Of  or  belong- 
ing to  one's  birth,  natal;  natali* 

dies,  birth-day. 

Natio,  onis,  f.    Nation,  people. 
Natu,  defective,  abl.  sing,  (nascor). 

By  birth,  in  age :  matfimus  natu, 

eldest.    134. 


182 


LATIN   READER. 


[NATUKA 


Natura,  ae,  f.    Nature,  creation. 

Natus,  a,  um,  part,  (nascor).  Born, 
having  been  bora. 

Naturdlis,  e,  (natura).     Fatuml. 

Naufrafiium,  ii,  n.  (navis,  franco). 
Shipwreck. 

Nauiius  ii,  m.  Nautili*;,  a.  Roman 
name ;  as,  Cains  Nautius,  the  con- 
sul, (19,  11). 

Navalis,  e,  (navis).     Naval. 

Navigatio,  onis,  f.  Navigation,  sail- 
ing. 

Navigo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  sail, 
sail  upon,  navigate. 

Navis,  is,  f.     Ship. 

Ne,  adv.,  and  conj.  used  with  im- 
perative and  subj.  Not,  that  not, 
lest ;  after  verbs  of  fearing,  that, 
lest;  nequidem,  or  ne — quidem. 
not  even. 

We,  interrog.  particle.     346,  II.  1. 

Nee  or  neque,  adv.  and  conj.  Nei- 
ther, nor;  and  not,  not;  nee — 
nee,  neque — neque,  neither — nor. 

Necessarius,  a,  urn.    Necessary. 

Necesse,  adj.  neut.  used  chiefly  in  this 
form.  Necessary,  inevitable. 

Neco,  are,  am,  atum.     To  slay,  kill. 

Negligens,  entis,  (negligo).  Negli- 
gent, neglectful. 

Negligo,  ere,  lexi,  lectum.  To  neg 
lect,  disregard. 

Nego,  are,  am,  atum.  To  deny,  re- 
fuse. 

Negotium,  ii,  n.  Business,  diffi- 
culty ;  undertaking,  work,  enter- 
prise. 

Nemo,  (mis,  gen.  not  in  good  use). 
No  one,  nobody. 

Nepos,  otis,  m.     Grandson. 

Neptunus,  *,  m.  Neptune,  the  god 
of  tho  sea,  (155), 


Neque.     See  Nee. 

Ncqueo,  ire,  vvi,  or  ii,  itum,  irreg. 

like  eo.     To  be  unable,  not  to  be 

able.     296. 
Nequidem.     See  Ne. 
Nequis  or  ne  quis,   qua,   quod,  01 

quid.     That  no  one. 
Nervii,  drum,  m.  Nervians,  a  people 

ofBelgicGaul,  (28). 
Nescio,   Ire,   Ivi   or  ii,   itum,    (ne, 

scio).    To    be    ignorant,  not   to 

know. 
Nescius,  a,  urn,  (nescio).     Ignorant, 

unknown. 
Nicias,  ae,  m.     Nicias,  an  Athenian 

statesman  and  general,  (223). 
Nicomcdes,  is,  m.    Nicomedes,  king 

ofBithynia,  (43). 
Niger,    gra,    grum.     Dark,    black, 

dusky. 

Nigrans,  antis.     Black,  dusky. 
Nihil,  n.  indec.    Nothing  ;  adv.  not, 

in  nothing.     128. 
Nihilum,  i,  n.     Nothing. 
Nilus,    i,   m.     The    river    Nile    in 

Egypt,  (211). 

Nimis,  adv.  Exceedingly,  too  much. 
Nimius,    a,    um.      Excessive,    too 

much,  too  great. 

Nisi,  conj.     Unless,  if  not,  except. 
Niieo,  nitere,  nitui,  (nix).    To  shine, 

glitter,  glisten. 
Nitor,  niti,  nisus  or  nixus  sum,  dep. 

To  strive,  attempt ;  to  depend  or 

rely  upon. 

Nix,  nivis,  f.     Snow. 
Nobilis,  e.    Noble,  famous. 
Nobilitas,  atis,  f.    (nobilis).     Fame, 

nobleness ;  nobility,  nobles. 
Nobillto,  are,   dvi,  atum,  (nobilis). 

To  render  famous ;  to  ennoble  ; 

improve. 


NTSAJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


183 


Noceo,  ere,  ui,  ilum.  To  hurt,  harm, 
injure. 

Noctu,  abl.     By  night. 

Nocturnus,  a,  urn.  Nocturnal,  oc- 
curring at  night. 

Nolo,  nolle,  nolui,  irreg.  To  be  un- 
willing. 293. 

Nomen,  \nis,  n.     Name. 

Nomino,  are,  am,  atum,  (nomen). 
To  name,  call. 

Non,  adv.     Not ;  nonnisi,  only. 

Nonagesimus,  a,  um.     Ninetieth. 

Nonaginta,  indec.     Ninety. 

Non-dum,  adv.     Not  yet. 

Nonne,  interrog.  particle.  Whether, 
expecting  answer  yes.  346,  II. 
1. 

Nonnullus,  a,  um,  (declined  like 
nullus).  Some. 

Nonus,  a,  um.    Ninth. 

Nosco,  ere,  novi,  notum.  To  know, 
understand,  learn. 

Nosier,  tra,  trum.  pron.     Our. 

Notitia,  ae,  f.  (notus).  Celebrity, 
note;  acquaintance,  knowledge. 

Notus,  a,  um.  part,  (nosco).  Known. 

Novem,  indecl.     Nine. 

Noverca,  ae,  f.     Step-mother. 

Novo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (novus).  To 
renew,  change;  revolutionize. 

Novus,  a,  um.  New;  novae  res, 
revolution. 

Nox,  noctis,  f.     Night. 

Nubes,  is,  f.     Cloud. 

Nubo,  ere,  nupsi,  nuptum.  To  veil 
one's  self,  to  marry,  applied  to  the 
bride  as  she  was  covered  with  a 
veil. 

Nudus,  a,  um.  Naked,  uncovered, 
destitute  of. 

Nullus,  a,  um.     No  one,  no.     149. 

Num,  interrog.  particle.  Whether^ 
9 


used  both  in  direct  and  in  indirect 
questions.     See  346,  II.  1. 

Numa,  ae,  m.  Numa.M*ma  Pom- 
pilius,  the  second  king  of  Home, 
(159). 

Numantia,  ae,  f.  Numantia,  a  city 
of  Spain,  (201). 

Numantlni,  drum,  m.  pi.  Numan- 
tians,  the  inhabitants  of  Numan- 
tia, (201). 

Numen,  inis,  n.     A  god,  deity. 

Numero,  are,  avi,  atum,  (numerus). 
To  count,  reckon,  number. 

Numerus,  i,  m.  Number,  quan- 
tity. 

Numida,  ae,  m.  A  Numidian,  in' 
habitant  of  Numidia  in  Africa, 
(48). 

Numltor,  oris,  m.  Numitor,  a  king 
of  Alba,  grandfather  of  Romulus 
and  Remus,  (154). 

**Nummus,  i,  m.    Money,  a  piece  of 
money,  a  coin. 

Nunc.    Now. 

Nuncupo,  arc,  am,  atum.  To  call, 
name. 

Nunquam.    Never. 

Nuntio  (or  do),  are,  avi,  atum,  (nun- 
tius).  To  announce,  relate. 

Nuntius,  ii,  m.  Message,  news,  mes- 
senger. 

Nuptiae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Marriage, 
nuptials. 

Nutrio,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To 
nourish,  support. 

Nutrix,  icis,  f.    Nurse. 

Nympha,  ae,  f.     Nymph,  spouse. 

Nysa,  ae,  f.  Nysa,  a  city  in  India, 
(242). 


184: 


LATIN   READEK. 


[0 


0. 

0,  interj.    0 ! 

06,  prep,  with  ace.     On  account  of, 

for. 
Ob-duco,  Vre,  duxi,  ducium.  To  draw 

over,  overspread,  cover. 
Obedio,  lrey  ivi  or  iit  Hum.  To  obey, 

serve ;  be  subject  to. 
Ob-eo,  ire,  Ivi  or  w,  Itum.    To  meet ; 

die.     295. 
Objecto,   are,    avi,    dtum,  (objicio). 

To  expose,  set  forth;   endanger. 

332,  I.  2. 
Objicio,  ere,  jcci,  jectum,  (ob,  jacio). 

To  expose,  offer,  present. 
Oblecto,  are,  avi,  alum.    To  delight, 

divert,  please. 
Ob-ligo,  are,  avi,  dtum.    To  bind, 

oblige,  put  under  obligation. 
Oblitus,  a,  um,    part,   (obliviscor). 

Having  forgotten,  forgetful. 
Oblivio,  onis,  f.   (obliviscor).    For- 

getfulness,  oblivion. 
Obliviscor,  oblivisci,  oblltussum,  dep. 

To  forget. 
Ob-ruo,  ere,  rui,  rutum.  To  destroy, 

overwhelm. 
Obscurus,  a,  urn.     Obscure,  hidden ; 

mean. 
Obsecro,  are,  avi,  dtum,  (ob,  sacro). 

To  beseech,  implore. 
Obses,  idis,  m.  and  f.    Hostage. 
Obsideo,  Ire,  sGdi,  sessum,  (ob,  se- 

deo).    To  besiege,  invest. 
Obsidio,  onis,  f.   (obsideo).    Siege, 

blockade. 

Ob-sum,  obesse,  obfui.    To  be  hurt- 
ful, be  injurious,  to  injure. 
Ob-sto,  stare,  sfiti,  statum.    To  op- 
pose, prevent 


Obtemperatio,  onis,  f.  Submission, 
obedience. 

Ob-tero,  £re,  trlvi,  trltum.  To  crush, 
wear  down. 

Obtineo,  ere,  tmui,  tentum,  (ob, 
teneo).  To  obtain,  hold,  prevail. 

Obtingo,  Zre,  ttgi,  tactum,  (ob,  tan- 
go). To  befall,  happen  to. 

Ob-truncOy  are,  avi,  atum.  To  slaugh- 
ter. 

Occaeco,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (ob,  caeco). 
To  darken,  obscure,  blind,  dazzle. 

Occasio,  onis,  f.  Opportunity,  oc- 
casion. 

Occdsus,  us,  m.  The  setting  of  the 
heavenly  bodies;  setting,  even- 
ing; the  west. 

Oc-cido,  ere,  cidi,  casum,  (ob,  cado). 
To  fall  down,  fall;  to  set;  to 
perish,  die,  be  ruined. 

Occido,  Zre,  ddiy  clsum,  (ob,  eaedo). 
To  kill,  slay. 

Occulte,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (occultus). 
In  secret,  secretly. 

Occultus,  a,  um.  Secret,  hidden; 
reserved,  dissembling. 

Occupo,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  occupy,, 
take  possession  of. 

Occurro,  ere,  curri  (cucurri),  cur- 
sum,  (ob,  curro).  To  meet,  at- 
tack. 254,  5. 

Oceanus,  i,  m.     Ocean. 

Octavi&nus,  i,  m.  (Caesar).  Octa- 
vianus,  the  first  Roman  emperor,, 
usually  called  Augustus  after  his 
victory  at  Actium,  (213). 

Octdvus,  a,  um,  (octo).    Eighth. 

Octingenti,  ae,  a.     Eight  hundred. 

Octo,  indecL    Eight. 

Octogestmus,  a,  um.    The  eightieth. 

Octoginta,  indec.  (octo).    Eighty. 

Oculus,  i,  m.     Eye. 


ORESTES] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


185 


Odi,  odissc,  defect.  To  hate;  dis- 
like. 297. 

Odium,  ii,  n.     Hatred,  enmity. 

Oenomaus,  i,  m.  Oenomaus,  a  cele- 
brated gladiator,  (204). 

0/endo,  ere,  fendi,  fensum.  To 
offend,  injure. 

Offeiisus,  a,  urn,  (offendo).  Offend- 
ed, hostile. 

Offero,  ferre,  obtuli,  oblatum,  (ob, 
fero).  To  offer,  show  ;  se  offerre, 
to  present  one's  self,  to  offer 
one's  self,  sometimes  as  an  antago- 
nist, to  oppose ;  expose  one's  self. 

OJficium,  ii,  n.  Office,  duty,  kind- 
ness, kind  office. 

Olim,  adv.     Formerly. 

Olympiacus,  Olympicus  or  Olym- 
pius,  a,  urn.  Olympic,  (134). 

Olynthus,  i,  f.  Olynthus,  a  city  of 
Thrace. 

Olynthii,  vrum,  m.  pi.  The  Olyn- 
thians,  (231). 

Omen,  \nis,  n.     Omen,  sign. 

Omitto,  £re,  mlsi,  missum,  (ob,  mit- 
to).  To  let  go,  omit,  neglect,  dis- 
regard. 

Omnis,  e.    All,  every,  whole. 

Oneraria,  ae,  f.  (onus).  Ship  of 
burden. 

OnSro,  are,  avi,  atum,  (onus).  To 
burden,  load,  oppress. 

Onustus,  a,  um,  (onus).  Laden,  full 
of. 

Opera,  ae,  f.  Pains,  work,  labor; 
care,  attention;  means. 

Oplmus,  a,  um.    Rich,  fertile. 

Oportet,  impers.  *  It  behooves,  one 
ought.  299. 

Opperior,  opperlri,  oppertus  or  op- 
peritus  sum,  dep.  To  wait  for, 
await. 


Oppidanus^  a,  um,  (oppidum).  In- 
habitant of  a  town,  citizen. 

Oppidum,  i,  n.     Town,  city. 

Opportunitas,  atis,  f.  (opportfinus). 
Opportunity,  fitness. 

Opportunus,  a,  um.     Suitable,  fit. 

Opprimo,  ere,  pressi,  pressum,  (ob, 
premo).  To  put  down,  defeat, 
overcome  ;  suppress  ;  oppress. 

Oppugno,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ob,  pug- 
no).  To  attack,  storm,  take  by 
storm. 

( Ops),  opis,  f.,  nom.  sing,  not  used. 
Power,  resources,  wealth,  force, 
aid. 

Optabilis,  e,  (opto).  Wished  for, 
desirable. 

Optlmus,  a,  um,  superl.  (bonus). 
Best,  most  excellent. 

Optio,  onis,  f.     Choice,  option. 

Opto,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  wish,  de- 
sire; ask. 

Opulens,  entis,  or  opulentus,  a,  um, 
adj.  Wealthy,  rich. 

Opus,  eris,  n.     Work. 

Opus,  nom.  and  accus.  Need,  ne- 
cessary thing,  necessary. 

Ora,  ae,  f.     The  shore,  coast. 

Oraculum,  /,  n.  Response,  ora- 
cle. 

Oratio,  onis,  f.  (oro).  Oration, 
speech,  language. 

Orator,  dm,  m.  (oro).  Orator,  mes- 
senger. 

Orbis,  is,  m.  Circle,  world;  orbis 
terrarum,  the  world. 

Ordino,  are,  avi,  atum,  (ordo).  To 
arrange,  establish. 

Ordo,  Inis,  m.  Row,  rank,  order; 
bank  as  of  oars  ;  extra  ordmem, 
out  of  the  common  course. 

Orestes,  is,  and  ae,  m.     Orestes,  sou 


186 


LATIN    KEADKK. 


[OKI  ENS 


of  Agamemnon  and  Clytemnestra, 

(43). 
Oriens,  entis,  (orior).     Rising  ;    the 

morning,  the  east,  the  countries 

of  the  east,  the  Orient,  (213). 
Origo,  inis,  f.  Origin,  source. 
Orior,  oriri,  ortus  sum,  dep.  partly 

of   3d   conj.      To    rise,    appear, 

dawn.     286,  2. 

Ornamentum,  i,  n.     Equipage,   or- 
nament, jewel. 
Orno,   are,  avi,  alum.      To  adorn, 

equip. 
Oro,  are,  avi,  alum.     To  beg,  ask, 

speak. 
Ortus,   us,    m.  (orior).     A    rising; 

place  of  rising,  the  east;  birth; 

beginning. 
Ox,  ossis,  n.     Bone, 
Oscular,  ari,  dtus  sum.     To  kiss. 
Ostendo,   ere,  di,  sum  or  turn.     To 

show. 

Osientum,    i,    n.    (ostendo).      Pro- 
digy. 
Ostia,  ae,  f.     Ostia,  a  town  in  La- 

tium  at  the  mouth  of  the  Tiber, 

(161). 

Ostium,  ii,  n.     Mouth,  door. 
Otium,  ii,  n.     Leisure,   rest,  ease, 

idleness. 

Ovis,  is,  f.     Sheep. 
Ovum,  i,  n.    Egg. 

P. 

P.     An  abbreviation  of  Publius. 

Paco,  are,  avi,  atum  (pax).  To  sub- 
due. 

Padum,  i,  n.  Bargain,  contract; 
abl.  pacto,  way,  manner. 

Padus,  i,  m.  The  river  Po  in  Italy, 
(55). 

Paene,  adv.     Almost. 


Palam,  adv.     Openly. 

Palatium,  ii,  n.     Palace. 

Pallium,  ii,  n.  Cloak,  coat,  gar- 
ment. 

Pango,  ere,  pepigi,  pactum.  To  con' 
traci,  ratify. 

Papirius,  ii,  n.     See  Cursor. 

Par,  parts,  adj.  Equal,  a  match  for, 
competent  for. 

Pardtus,  a,  um,  (paro).  Prepared, 
ready. 

Parco,  Zrc,  peperci  or  parsi,  par- 
sum.  To  spare. 

Parens,  entis,  m.  and  f.     Parent. 

Parento,  are,  avi,  alum,  (parens). 
To  sacrifice  in  honor  of  parents 
or  friends. 

Pareo,  ere,  ui,  itum.  To  obey,  be 
subject  to. 

Pario,  ere,  peperi,  partum.  To 
bear,  bring  forth,  produce,  lay, 
accomplish,  procure. 

Paro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  prepare, 
equip. 

Pars,  partis,  f.  Part,  portion  ;  party. 

Parsimonia,  ae,  f.  Frugality,  par- 
simony. 

Particeps,  participis,  (pars,  capio). 
Sharing,  partaking,  participant. 

Partim.  Partly,  hi  part ;  partim — 
partim,  some— others,  either — 
or. 

Partior,  iri,  Itus  sum,  dep.  To  di- 
vide, share. 

Parum,  comp.  minus,  superl.  mi- 
riime,  adv.  Too  little,  little,  not 
enough.  305. 

Parvus,  a,  um,  comp.  minor,  su- 
perl. minimus.  Small,  little,  un- 
important. 

Pasco,  $re,  pavi,  pastum.  To  feed, 
graze. 


PERDUCO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


187 


Pascor,  pasci,  pastus  sum,  dep.  To 
feed,  graze,  graze  upon. 

Passer,  eris,  m.     Sparrow. 

Passus,  us,  m.  Pace ;  milk  passus, 
a  mile. 

Pastor,  oris,  m.  (pasco).     Shepherd. 

Patefacio,  ere,  fed,  factum,  (pateo, 
facio).  To  disclose,  lay  open, 
open. 

Pateo,  ere,  ui.  To  lie  open,  be  ex- 
posed. 

Pater,  tris,  m,  Father,  sometimes 
senator. 

Paternus,  a,  um,  (pater).     Paternal. 

Patior,  pati,  passus  sum,  dep.  To 
permit,  keep,  endure. 

Patria,  ae,  f.  Country,  native 
country. 

Patrimonium,  ii,  n.  Estate,  patri- 
mony. 

Patrius,  a,  um,  (pater).     Fatherly. 

Patruus,  i,  m.  Uncle  by  the  father's 
side,  paternal  uncle. 

Pauci,  ae,  a.     Few. 

Pauldtim,  adv.  By  degrees,  grad- 
ually. 

Paulus  or  Paullus,  i,  m.  Paulus,  a 
surname  in  the  Aemilian  gens  or 
tribe.  Lucius  Aemilius  Paulus, 
the  name  of  two  Roman  consuls, 
one  of  whom  fell  in  the  battle  of 
Cannae,  (191) ;  the  other  conquer- 
ed Perseus  at  Pydna,  (198). 

Paulo,  adv.  (paulus).  A  little,  by  a 
little. 

Paulus,  a,  um.     Little,  small. 

Pauper,  eris.  Poor,  without  means ; 
scanty,  meagre. 

Pausanias,  ae,  m.  Pausanias,  the 
leader  of  the  Spartans  in  the  bat- 
tle of  Plataea,  (22 1). 

Pax,pacis,  f.     Peac«. 


Pecius,  oris,  n.    Breast. 

Pccunia,  ac,  f.  Money,  sum  of 
money. 

Pccus,  oris,  n.     Flock,  herd,  cattle. 

Pedes,  Itis,  m.  Foot-soldier ;  plur. 
infantry. 

Pedester,  tris,  ire.  Pedestrian,  on 
foot,  on  land ;  pedestres  copiaet 
infantry  forces. 

Pellicio,  ere,  lexi,  lectum.  To  allure, 
cajole. 

Pellis,  is,  f.     Skin,  hide. 

Pello,  Zre,  pepuli,  pulsum.  To 
drive. 

Pelopidas,  ae,  m.  Pelopidas,  a 
celebrated  Theban  general,  (230). 

Penarius,  a,  um.  Of  or  for  provi- 
sions ;  cella  penaria,  granary. 

Pendeo,  ere,  pependi.  To  hang,  be 
suspended. 

Penetro,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  pen- 
etrate. 

Penitus,  adv.  Inwardly;  fully,  en- 
tirely. 

Per,  prep,  with  ace.  Through,  by, 
during. 

Per-curro,  ere,  percucurri  or  per- 
curri,  cur  sum.  To  run  through, 
pass  over. 

Percussor,  oris,  m.  Assassin,  mur- 
derer. 

Perdiccas  or  Perdicca,  ae,  m.  Per- 
diccas,  one  of  the  most  distin- 
guished generals  of  Alexander  the 
Great,  (97). 

Perdttus,  a,  um,  (perdo).  Lost, 
abandoned,  desperate. 

Per-do,  ere,  didi,  ditum.  To  destroy, 
waste,  lose. 

Per-duco,  ere,  duxi,  ducium.  To 
conduct,  bring  to,  to  extend, 
build,  make. 


188 


LATIN   READER. 


Perennis,  e,  (per,  annus).  Continual, 
perpetual. 

Per-eo,  ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  lium.  To  per- 
ish. 295. 

Per-exiguus,  a,  urn.  Very  small, 
very  little. 

Per-fero,  ferre,  tali,  latum.  To  carry 
through;  bear;  suffer. 

tPerfidia,  ae,  f.     Perfidy. 

Pergo,  ere,  rexi,  rectum,  (per,  rego). 
To  go  on  or  to,  persevere. 

Pericles,  is,  m.  Pericles,  a  cele- 
brated Athenian  orator  and  states- 
man, (222). 

Periculo&us,  a,  urn,  (periculum). 
Dangerous. 

Periculum,  i,  n.     Danger,  peril. 

Perltus,  a,  um.     Skilled  in,  skilful. 

Per-magnus,  a,  um.    Very  great. 

Per-mitlo,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.  To 
send  ;  grant,  permit ;  permittUur, 
impers.,  it  is  permitted. 

Per-multus,  a,  um.  Very  much, 
very  many. 

Permutatio,  onis,  f.  Exchange, 
barter. 

Per-paucus,  a,  um.  Few,  very 
few. 

Per-petro.  Zre,  avi,  atum.  To  finish, 
achieve. 

Perpetuo,  adv.  (perpetuus).  Con- 
stantly, ever. 

Perpetuus,  a,  um.  Perpetual,  con- 
stant. 

Persa,  ae.  or  Perscs,  ae,  m.  A  Per- 
sian, (44,  II. ;  126). 

Per-scquor,  sequi,  secutus  sum,  dep. 
To  follow,  pursue,  carry  on,  pro- 
secute. 

Perseus,  i,  or  Perses,  ae,  m.  Per- 
seus or  Perses,  the  last  king  of 
Macedonia,  (198). 


Pcrsevcro,  are,  avi,  alum.  To  per 
severe,  persist. 

Persicus,  a,  um.      Persian,  (50,  13), 

Persona,  ae,  f.  Part,  character, 
person. 

Perspicio,  ere,  spexi,  specium,  (per, 
specio).  To  perceive. 

Per-stringo,  ere,  strinxi,  stridum. 
To  graze,  wound  slightly. 

Per-suadeo,  ere,  suasi,  -suusum.  To 
persuade. 

Per-terreo,  Ire,  ui,  itum.  To  terrify 
greatly. 

Pertineo,  ere,  tinui,  (per,  teneo).  To 
pertain  to,  tend. 

Per-turbo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  dis- 
turb, throw  into  confusion,  route, 
embarrass. 

Per-utilis,  e.    Very  useful. 

Per-venio,  ire,  vcni,  ventum.  To 
reach,  come  to. 

Perverse,  adv.     Perversely,  wrongly. 

Pes,  pedis,  m.     Foot. 

Peto,  ere,  Ivi  or  ii,  Mum.  To  seek, 
ask ;  aim  at ;  attack. 

Phavthon,  ontis,  m.  Phaethon,  fa- 
bled son  of  Helios  the  sun,  (71). 

Phalerae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Trappings, 
ornaments  for  horses. 

Phalcrum,  i,  n.  Phalerum,  the 
oldest  harbor  of  Athens  ;  often 
called  Phalericus  portus. 

Pharnaces,  is,  m.  Pharnaces,  sou 
of  Mithridates,  (205). 

Pharsalus,  i,  f.  Pharsalus,  a  city  in 
Thessaly,  where  Pompey  was  de- 
feated by  Caesar,  (210).  The  dis- 
trict was  called  Pharsalia. 

Philippi,  Crum,  m.  pi.  Philippi,  a 
city  in  Macedonia,  (213). 

Philippus,  i,  m.  Philip,  the  name 
of  several  Macedonian  kings,  the 


POMPEIANUS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


189 


most  celebrated  of  whom  was  the 

father  of    Alexander  the  Great, 

(140,  230). 

Philosophia,  ae,  f.     Philosophy. 
Philosbphus,  i,  m.     Philosopher. 
Phyle,  es,  f.    Phyle,  a  castle  in  At- 
tica, (228). 
Picenum,  i,  n.     Picenum,  a  district 

in  the  eastern  part  of  Italy. 
Picenus,  a,  um,  (Picenum).     Of  or 

belonging    to    Picenum,    Picene, 

(23,  19). 
Pietas,   atis,    f.      Dutiful    conduct, 

sense  of  duty ;  affection ;  loyalty ; 

piety. 
Piget,  ere,  piguit  or  pigitum  est,  im- 

pers.     It  irks,  grieves,  displeases. 

299. 
Pingo,  ere,  pinxi,  pictum.    To  paint, 

depict. 
Piraeus,   or  Piraecus,  i,  m.     The 

Piraeus,   the  celebrated  port  of 

Athens,  (228). 
Pirata,  ae,  m.     Pirate. 
Piscis,  is,  m.    A  fish. 
Pius,    i,    m.      See  Metellus  Pius, 

(138). 
Placeo,  ere,  ui,  itum.     To  please,  be 

pleasing  to ;  be  determined. 
Placldus,   a,  um,   (placeo).     Quiet, 

gentle. 
P'aco,   are,  avi,  atum.      To  quiet, 

soothe,  calm,  appease. 
Plancus,  i,  m.     Plancus,  a  Roman 

name,  (42,  9). 
Plataeae,   arum,  f.   pi.     Plataea,  a 

city  in  Boeotia,  (221). 
Plalaeenscs,  ium,  m.  pi.     The  Pla- 

taeans,  the  inhabitants  of  Plataea, 

(216). 
Plato,  onis,  m.     Plato,  one  of  the 

most  celebrated  Grecian  philoso- 


phers, disciple  of  Socrates,  and  in- 
structor of  Aristotle,  (81). 

Plebs,  bis,  f.  Common  people, 
people. 

Plenus,  a,  um.  Full,  possessed  of, 
rich  in. 

Plerumque,  adv.  (plerusque).  Com- 
monly, generally,  frequently. 

Plerusque,  aque,  umque.  Most, 
many. 

Plurimus.     See  Multus. 

Plus,  adv.     More. 

Plus,  uris,  n.  adj.  More,  pi.  many, 
several.  See  Multus. 

Poculum,  i,  n.     Cup. 

Poema,  atis,  n.     Poem. 

Poena,  ae,  f.    Punishment. 

Poeriitet,  ere,  poenituit,  impers.  It 
causes  regret ;  pocmtet  me,  it 
causes  me  to  repent,  I  repent,  am 
sorry  for,  regret. 

Poenus,  i,  m.    A  Carthaginian,  (185). 

Poeta,  ae,  m.    Poet. 

Polliceor,  eri,  itus  sum,  dep.  To 
promise,  offer. 

Pollux,  ucis,  m.  Pollux,  a  cele- 
brated pugilist,  brother  of  Castor, 
(63,  9).  See  Castor. 

Polycrates,  is,  m.  Polycrates,  a  ce- 
lebrated tyrant  of  Samos,  (24, 12). 

Pompa,  ae,  f.  Pomp,  public  proces- 
sion, procession. 

Pompeius,  ii,  m.  Pompey,  the  name 
of  a  Roman  gens.  Cnaeus  Pom- 
peius, a  Roman  consul  and  a  dis- 
tinguished commander,  defeated 
by  Caesar  at  Pharsalia,  (205). 
Quintuts  Pompeius,  also  consul  and 
commander,  defeated  in  several 
engagements  by  the  Numantines, 
(201). 

Pompeianus,  a,  um,  adj.  (Pompeius). 


100 


LATIN   READER. 


[POMPILIUS 


Pompeian,  of  or  belonging  to  Pom- 
pey,  (211). 

PompU'MS,  ii,  m.     See  Numa. 

Pondus,  eris,  n.     Weight. 

Pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To  place, 
build,  pitch. 

Pews,  Pontis,  m.     Bridge. 

Pontius,  ii,  m.  Pontius,  a  Roman 
name.  Pontius  Theleslnus,  a  gen- 
eral of  the  Samnites,  ^who  con- 
quered the  Romans  at  the  Caudine 
Forks,  (179). 

Pontusy  i,  m.  Pontus,  a  province  in 
Asia  Minor,  south  of  the  Black 
Sea,  (202). 

Populatio,  onis,  f.  (popiilo).  Pillag- 
ing, booty ;  people,  population. 

Populo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (populus). 
To  depopulate,  devastate,  pillage ; 
popular,  dep.— populo. 

Populusy  i,  m.  People,  nation, 
tribe. 

Porrigo,  ere,  rexi,  rectum.  To  ex- 
tend, stretch. 

Porsena,  ae,  m.  Porsena,  a  king  of 
Etruria  in  Italy,  (171). 

Porta,  ae,  f.     Gate. 

Portendo,  ere,  tendi,  tentum.  To 
portend. 

Portio,  onis,  f.     Portion,  share. 

Portus,  us,  m.     Port,  harbor. 

Posco,  ere,  poposd.  To  demand, 
ask. 

Possessio,  onis,  f.  (possideo).  Pos- 
session. 

Possidco,  Ire,  scdi,  sessum.  To  pos- 
sess. 

Possum,  posse,  potui,  irreg.  To  be 
able.  289. 

Post,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  Af- 
terwards, after,  behind,  since. 

Post-ea,  adv.     Afterwards. 


Posteritas,  ails,  f.  (posterus).  Pos- 
terity. 

Posterns,  a,  um ;  comp.  posterior, 
superl.  postremus,  postamus.  Fol- 
lowing, ensuing ;  posteri,  pos- 
terity, descendants ;  postrcmo,  ad 
postremum,  at  last.  163,  3. 

Post-fero,  ferre.  To  place  after, 
esteem  less ;  sacrifice. 

Post-ponoy  ere,  posui,  positum.  To 
put  after,  esteem  less,  postpone ; 
disregard,  neglect. 

Post-quam,  or  post  quam,  conj.  Af- 
ter, after  that. 

Postremo,  adv.  (postremus).  At  last, 
finally. 

Postremus,  a,  um.  The  last ;  ad 
postremum,  at  last,  finally.  See 
posterus. 

Postridie,  adv.  On  the  following  day. 

Postulo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  demand. 

Postumius,  ii,  m.  Postumius,  the 
name  of  a  Roman  gens  or  clan. 
Aulus  Postumius,  a  Roman  in 
whose  consulship  the  first  Punic 
war  was  brought  to  a  close,  (89, 
188).  Spurius  Postumius,  a  Ro- 
man consul,  defeated  by  the  Sam- 
nites at  the  Caudine  Forks,  (179). 

Potem,  entis,  (possum).  Able,  pow- 
erful. 

Potentta,  ae,  f.  Might,  force,  power, 
ability. 

Potestas,  atis,  f.  (potens).     Power. 

Potior,  potlri,  potltus  sum,  dep.  To 
obtain,  get  possession  of. 

Poiis,  e,  comp.  potior,  superl.  potis- 
simus.  Able,  capable,  possible. 

Potius,  potiasime,  adv.  (potis) ;  po- 
sitive not  used.  Rather  than. 

Prae,  prep,  with  abl.  Before,  for, 
on  account  of,  in  comparison  with. 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


191 


Pracbeo,  ere,  ui,  Mum.  To  show, 
furnish. 

Praa-cedo,  ere,  ccssi,  cessum.  To  pre- 
cede, surpass,  outstrip. 

Praeceptor,  oris,  m.  (praecipio).  Pre- 
ceptor, commander,  teacher. 

Praeceptum,  i,  n.  (praecipio).  Max- 
im, rule,  precept. 

Praecipio,  ere,  dpi,  ceptum  (prae, 
capio).  To  admonish,  advise, 
order. 

Praecipitium,  ii,  n.    Precipice. 

Praecipito,  are,  avi,  atum.  To 
throw  down,  precipitate. 

Praecipuus,  a,  wn.  Remarkable, 
prominent,  special. 

Praeclare,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (preclu- 
rus).  Excellently,  nobly. 

Prae-darus,  a,  um.  Excellent,  no- 
ble, distinguished,  illustrious. 

Praedndo,  ere,  dasi,  du&um,  (prae, 
claudo).  To  hinder,  preclude, 
cut  off. 

Praeco,  onis,  m.     Herald,  crier. 

Praeda,  ae,  f.    Prey,  booty. 

Prae-dlco,  ere,  dixi,  dictum.  To  pre- 
dict, forewarn. 

Praedictum,  i,  n.  (praedico).  Predic- 
tion, warning. 

Praeditus,  a,  um.  Endued  with, 
possessed  of. 

Praedor,  ari,  atus  sum,  (praeda). 
To  plunder. 

Prae-fari,  defective.  To  predict, 
prophesy;  say.  297,  II.  3. 

Pracfedus,  i,  m.  Commander,  pre- 
fect. 

Prae-fcro,  ferre,  tuli,  latum.  To  pre- 
fer, choose ;  carry  or  bear  before. 

PraeficiO)  ere,  fed,  fedum,  (prae, 
facio).  To  place  over,  put  in 
command. 


Prac-lfyo,  ere,  kgi,  ledum.  To  read 
to  another,  to  read  aloud,  to 
lecture. 

Prae-mitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.  To 
send  forward,  send  in  advance. 

Praemium,  ii,  n.   Keward,  premium. 

Praeneste,  is,  n.  Praeneste,  a  town 
in  Latiuin,  (182). 

Prac-pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To 
place  over,  intrust  with. 

Praesens,  ends.  Present ;  praescntia, 
crum,  n.  pi.  present  things,  the 
present. 

Praesentia,  ae,  f.  (praesens).  Pres- 
ence. 

Praeses,  Idis,  adj.  Presiding,  ruling, 
chief;  subs,  head,  chief,  ruler, 
governor. 

Praesidium,  ii,  n.     Guard,  garrison. 

Praestabllis,  e.  Preeminent,  distin- 
guished, excellent. 

Praestans,  antis,  (praesto).  Excel- 
lent, eminent. 

Praestantia,  ae,  f.  Superiority,  pre- 
eminence. 

Praesto,  are,  stiti,  \turn,  (prae,  sto). 
To  surpass,  be  superior  to;  fur- 
nish, do,  pay,  render  (as  service) ; 
evince,  show,  give. 

Prae-sum,  esse,  fui.  To  preside 
over,  command. 

Prae-tendo,  &re,  tendi,  lenlum.  To 
pretend,  allege. 

Praeter,  prep,  with  tec.  Except, 
besides. 

Praeter-ea,  adv.     Besides,  moreover. 

Praeter-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  itum.  To 
pass  by,  omit.  295. 

Praeteritus,  a,  um,  (praetereo).  Gone 
by,  past ;  praeterlta,  orum,  n.  pi 
the  past. 

Praeter-vchnr,  vehi,  vedus  sum,  dep. 


192 


LATIN   READER. 


[PEAET'ORIUS 


To  be  borne  over  or  by  ;  to  drive 

or  sail  by ;  to  pass  by. 
Praetorius,  a,  um,  (praetor).     Prae- 
torian, belonging  to  a  praetor  or 

general ;  praetorius,  subs,  one  who 

has  been  praetor. 
Prae-vidJo,   ere,    vldi,   visum.      To 

foresee. 

Pratum,  i,  n.  Meadow,  pasture. 
Pravus,  a,  um.  Depraved,  bad. 
Preces,  urn,  f.  pi.  dat.  ace.  and  abl. 

sing,   also    occur.      Prayers,    en- 
treaties. 
Precor,  ari,  aius  sum.     To  beseech, 

pray. 
Premo,   &re,  pressi,  pressum.      To 

press,  urge. 

ium,  ii,  n.     Price,  worth. 
Pridie,  adv.     On  the  day  before. 
Primo,  primum,  adv.  (primus).     At 

first,  first ;  quam  primum,  as  soon 

as  possible. 
Primus,  a,  um,  superl.  (prior).  First. 

166. 
Princeps,   ipis,  m.      Pr'ince,  ruler; 

chief  man. 
Principatus,   us,    m.      Sovereignty, 

imperial  power. 
Principium,  it,  n.     Beginning. 
Prior,  us.    Former,  previous.     166. 
Priscus,  i,  m.     Priscus,  the  surname 

of  Lucius    Tarquinius,   the  fifth 

king  of  Rome,  (162). 
PrisKnus,  a,  um.    Ancient,  pristine. 
Prius,  adv.     Before,  first;    prius- 

quam  or  prius  quam,  before  that, 

before. 
Privatus,  a,  um.     Private,  personal, 

subs,  a  private  citizen. 
Pro,   prep,   with  abl.       Before,   in 

front  of;  for,  in  behalf  of,  instead 

of,  as  ;  pro  kosfe,  as  an  enemy. 


Probatio,     onis,     f.       Approbation, 

proof. 
Probatus,   a,   um,  (probo).      Tried, 

tested,  proved,  approved. 
Probitas,  atis,  f.  (probus).     Honesty, 

probity,  integrity. 
Probo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (probus).    To 

prove,  show ;  approve. 
Probus,  a,  um.     Upright,  honest. 
Procas,   ae,  m.     Procas,   a  Roman 

name.    Silvius  Procas,  a  king  of 

Alba,  (161). 
Pro-cedo,  $re,  cessi,  ccssum.    To  step 

forth,  to  advance,  proceed,  come 

on,  succeed. 
Procillus,  i,  m.     Procillus,  a  young 

man  sent  by  Caesar  to  Ariovistus, 

(82). 
Pro-clamo,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  cry 

out,  proclaim. 
Pro-consul,  ulis,  m.     Proconsul,  one 

with  the  authority  of  consul. 
Procul,   adv.      At  a  distance,   far 

off. 
Pro-euro,  are,  avi,  atum.   To  attend 

to,  have  the  care  of. 
Pro-curro,  ere,  curri  (cucurri),  cur- 
sum.     To  run  forth,  project. 
Proditio,  onis,  f.  (prodo).     Treach- 
ery, treason. 

Proditor,  oris,  m.  (prodo).    Traitor. 
Pro-do,  8re,  didi,  ditum.  To  disclose, 

betray. 
Pro-duco,   ere,   duxi,   duclum.      To 

lead  forth,  produce. 
Proelium,  ii,  n.     Battle,  conflict. 
Profecto,  adv.     Indeed,  truly. 
Proficiscor,proficisci,profectus  sum. 

To  depart,  set  out,  go. 
Profllgo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (pro,  fligoX 

To  overthrow,  ruin. 
Pro-fundo,  ere,  fadi,  fusum.      To 


PU3LIU3] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


193 


pour  out,  spend ;  throw  away, 
lavish,  dissipate. 

Progredior,  gredi,  gressus  sum,  dep. 
(pro,  gradior).  To  proceed,  ad- 
vance. 

Prohibeo,  ere,  ui,  Ktum,  (pro,  habeo). 
•  To  prohibit,  prevent. 

Promissus,  a,  um,  (promitto).  Grow- 
ing long,  long. 

Pro-mitto,  ere,  mm,  missum.  To 
send  forth,  promise. 

Promontorium,  ii,  n.      Promontory. 

Promptus,  a,  um.     Prompt,  ready. 

Pro-nuntio,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  pub- 
lish, proclaim,  announce;  recite, 
declaim ;  act,  tell,  narrate. 

Propago,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  prop- 
agate ;  prolong. 

Prope,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace. 
Near,  nearly,  near  to,  close  by, 
near. 

PropZro,  fire,  dvi,  dtum.   To  hasten. 

Propior,  ins.    Nearer.     See  166. 

Propius,  adv.     Nearer. 

Pro-pono,  $re,  posui,  posltum.  To 
set  forth,  state,  propose. 

Proprius,  a,  um.  Peculiar,  proper, 
one's  own,  characteristic  of. 

Propter,  prep,  with  ace.  For,  on 
account  of. 

Propter-ea,  adv.  Therefore,  on  that 
account. 

Pro-pulso,  dre,  dvi,  alum.  To  repel, 
ward  off. 

Prom,  ae,  f.  Prow,  forepart  of  a 
ship. 

Prorsus,  adv.  Uninterruptedly, 
straight  on,  absolutely. 

Pro-rumpo,  &re,  rupi,  ruptum.  To 
rush  or  break  forth. 

Pro-scrlbo,  ere,  scripsi,  scriptum.  To 
proscribe,  outlaw. 


Prosilio,  Ire,  ii  or  ui,  (pro,  salio). 
To  leap  up,  spring  forth. 

Prospere,  ius,  rime,  adv.  (prosperus). 
Happily,  prosperously. 

Prosperus,  a,  um.  Favorable,  for- 
tunate, prosperous 

Prospicw,  ire,  spexi,  spectum,  (pro, 
specio).  To  look  forward,  look, 
see ;  look  out  for,  take  care  of, 
provide  for ;  discern,  descry. 

Prosier jio,  ere,  strdvi,  stratum,  (pro, 
sterno).  To  prostrate,  overthrow. 

Pro-sum,  prodesse,  profui.  To  pro- 
fit, avail,  be  useful. 

Proftnus,  adv.  Directly,  imme- 
diately after. 

Pro-video,  ere,  vldi,  visum.  To  pro- 
vide, be  on  one's  guard. 

Provldus,  a,  um,  (provideo).  Fore- 
seeing, prudent,  cautious,  provi- 
dent. 

Provincia,  ae,  f.     Province. 

Provocatio,  onis,  f.  (provoco).  Chal- 
lenge, appeal. 

ProvSco,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  chal- 
lenge, appeal. 

Proximus,  a,  um.  Nearest,  next. 
166. 

Prudens,  entis.  Prudent,  wise,  learn- 
ed, skilled. 

Prudentia,  ae,  f.  (prudens).  Pru- 
dence. 

Ptolemaeus,  i,  m.  Ptolemy,  the 
name  of  several  kings  of  Egypt, 
(211). 

Publicola,  ae,  m.  Publicola,  the 
surname  of  Valerius,  one  of  the 
first  consuls  at  Rome,  (169). 

Publicus,  a,  um.     Public. 

Publius,  ii,  m.  Publius,  a  Roman 
name ;  as,  Publius  RutUius  Rufu$, 
(139). 


194 


LATIN   READER. 


[PUDEI 


Pudet,  ere,  puduit,  puditum  cst,  im- 
pers.  It  shames ;  pudet  mey  it 
shames  me,  I  am  ashamed. 

Pudor,  or  is,  m.  Regard,  respect, 
modesty,  awe,  shame. 

Puella,  ae,  f.     Girl. 

Puer,  eri,  m.     Boy. 

Puerllis,  e,  (puer).  Boyish,  youth- 
ful 

Pueritia,  ae,  f.  (puer).     Boyhood. 

Pugio,  onis,  m.     Dagger,  poniard. 

Pugna,  ae,  f.     Battle. 

Pugno,  are,  dm,  dtum.     To  fight. 

Pulcher,  chra,  chrum.     Beautiful. 

Pulvillus,  i,  m.  Pulvillus.  Hora- 
tius  Pulvillus,  a  Roman  consul  in 
the  first  year  after  the  banishment 
of  Tarquin,  (170). 

Pumilio,  onis,  m.  and  f.  Dwarf, 
pigmy. 

Puriicus,  a,  urn,  (Poeni).  Punic, 
Carthaginian,  belonging  to  Car- 
thage or  the  Carthaginians.  (196). 

Punio,  ire,  Ivi,  Itum.     To  punish. 

Pupillus,  i,  m.     Pupil. 

Puppis,  is  f.  The  stern,  the  hinder 
part  of  a  ship. 

Ptcsillus,  «,  um.   Small,  weak ;  little. 

Puto,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  think, 
imagine,  esteem. 

Pydna,  ae,  f.  Pydna,  a  town  of 
Macedonia,  celebrated  for  the 
victory  of  Paulus  over  Pefseus, 
(198). 

Pyrenaeus,  i,  m.  The  Pyrenees,  a 
range  of  mountains  between 
France  and  Spain,  (190). 

Pyrrhus,  i,  m.  Pyrrhus,  a  king  of 
Epirus,  (183). 

Pythagoras,  ae,  m.  Pythagoras,  a 
celebrated  philosopher  of  Samos, 
(94). 


Pythia,  ae,  f.  Pythia,  the  priestess 
of  Apollo,  at  Delphi,  (217). 

Q. 

Q.  or  Qu.  An  abbreviation  of 
Quintus. 

Quadragesimus,  a,  um,  (quadragfn 
ta).  Fortieth. 

Quadraginta,  indecl.     Forty. 

Quadriga,  ae,  f.  Chariot,  four-horse 
chariot. 

Quadringenteslmus,  a,  um,  (quad- 
ringenti).  The  four  hundredth. 

Quadringenii,  ae,  a.  Four  hun- 
dred. 

Quaero  or  quaeso,  Zre,  quacslvi, 
quaesiitum.  To  seek,  inquire,  ask, 
implore.  QuaerUur,  impers.  It 
is  asked,  the  question  is  asked. 

Qualis,  e.  What,  what  sort ;  tails 
— qualis,  such — as. 

Quam,  adv.  and  conj.  How;  as, 
than,  after:  quam  multi,  how 
many ;  with  superl.  intensive, 
quam  maxlmus,  as  great  as  possi- 
ble. 

Quam-dlu,  adv.  How  long,  as  long 
as. 

Quam-quam,  conj.  Although, . 
though. 

Quam-vis.  However,  however  much, 
though. 

Quantus,  a,  um.  How  great,  how 
much ;  tantus — quantus,  so  great 
as ;  quanta,  by  how  much,  as. 

Quo-re.    Wherefore,  whereby. 

Quartus,  a,  um.     Fourth. 

Quasi.     As  if. 

Quaterni,  ae,  a,  distributive.  Four 
by  four,  four  at  a  time,  four  each, 
174,  2. 


QUONDAM} 


LATIN-ENGLISH  VOCABULARY. 


195 


Quaiio,    $rc,   quassi,    quassum.     To 

shake. 
Quatriduum,  i,  n.  (quattuor,   dies). 

Space  of  four  days,  four  days. 
Quattuor,  indecl.     Four. 
QuaituordScim,     indecl.    (quattuor, 

deeem).     Fourteen. 
^ue,    appended   to    another   word. 
;    And.     587, 1.  3. 
Quem-ad-modum,  adv.  In  what  man- 
ner, how,  as. 

Qmrela,  ae,  f.  (queror).     Complaint. 
Queror,  queri,  questus  sum,  dep.  To 

complain. 
Qui,  quae,  quod,  rel.  and  interrog. 

Who,  which,  what. 
Quia,  conj.  Because. 
Quicunque  (or  cumque)  quaecun- 

que,      quodcunque.         Whoever, 

whatever. 
Quidam,    quaedam,     quoddam     or 

quiddam.     A  certain  one,  certain. 
Quidem.     Indeed. 
Quies,  etis,  f.     Rest,  quiet. 
Quiesco,  ere,  quievi,  quietum,  (quies). 

To  rest,  repose,  keep  quiet. 
Quietus,  a,  urn,  (quiesco).     Quiet,  at 

rest. 
Qui-llbet,  quaellbct,  quodlibet.,  indef. 

pron.     Any  one,  any. 
Quin.     That  not,  but  that,  that. 
Quinctius,  ii,  m.     Quinctius.     Titus 

Quinctius,   a  Roman  general    at 

the  time  the  city  was  threatened 

by  the  Gauls,  321   B.   C.   (177). 

Titus  Quinctius  Flaminius  gained 

the     victory    at    Cynoscephalae, 

(197). 

Quindecim,  indecl.     Fifteen. 
Quingenteslmus,  a,  um,  (quingenti). 

The  five  hundreth. 
Quingenti,  ae,  a.    Five  hundred. 


Quinquageslmus,   a,  um,  (quiuqua- 

ginta).     Fiftieth. 
Quinquaginta,  indecl.     Fifty. 
Quinque,  indecl.     Five. 
Quinquennium,  it,    n.     Five  years, 

space  of  five  years. 
Quintus,  a,  um.     Fifth. 
Quintus,  i,  m.     Quintus,  a  common 

Roman  name;  as,    Quintus  Mu~ 

cius  Scaevola,  (172). 
Qnippe,  conj.  Indeed. 
Quis,  quae,  quid?  interrog.  pron. 

Who,  which,  what  ? 
Quis,  quae,  quid,  indef.  pron.  Some 

one,  any  one.     190,  1. 
Quisnam     or     quinam,    quaenam, 

quodnam    or    quidnam.       Who, 

which,  what. 
Quispiam,     quaepiam,      gnodpiam, 

and  subs,  quidpiam  or  quippiam, 

indef.     pron.       Any     one,    any 

body,  any ;  some  one,  some  thing, 

some. 
Quis-quam,  quaequam,  quidquam  or 

quicquam.     Any,  any  one. 
Quis-que,  quaeque,  quodque  or  quid- 

que.    Every,  every  one,  whoever, 

whatever;  with  superl.,  intensive, 

primo    quoque    tempore,    on  the 

very  first  opportunity. 
Quis-quis,    quaequae,    quidquid   or 

quicquid.     Whoever,  whatever. 
Quo.      Where,    whither,    that,     in 

order  that. 
Quo-ad.     Till,  until,  as  long  as,  as 

far  as. 

Quod,  conj.    That,  because. 
Quominus,  (quo,  minus).    That  not, 

from. 
Quomodo,  adv.  (quo,  modo).     How, 

by  what  means. 
Quondam,  adv.     Formerly. 


196 


LATIN   HEADER. 


Quoque.     Also,  too. 

Quot,  adj.  pi.  indec.     How  many,  as 

many,  as ;  all. 

Quot-annis.     Every  year,  yearly. 
Quotidie.     Daily,  every  day. 
Quotus,  a,  urn.     Of  what  number, 

how  many  ;  what,  often  applied  to 

the  hour  of  the  day. 
Quum     or    cum.      When,    since ; 

though  ;   quum — tarn,  not  only — 

but  also,  both — and ;  rarely  either 

—or. 

R. 

Rabies,  ei,  f.     Madness,  rage. 

Radix,  Ids,  f.  Root,  foot,  base,  as 
of  a  mountain. 

Ramus,  i,  m.     Branch. 

Raplna,  ae,  f.    Rapine,  plunder. 

Rapio,  ere,  rapui,  rapium.  To  rob, 
carry  off. 

Raptor,  oris,  m.  (rapio).  Robber, 
plunderer. 

Raro,  adv.  (rarus).     Rarely,  seldom. 

Rarus,  a,um.     Rare,  uncommon. 

Ratio,  dnis,  f.  A  calculating,  think- 
ing ;  reason,  understanding ;  plan, 
method,  kind. 

Ratis,  is,  f.     Raft. 

Re-bello,  fire,  dvi,  dtum.     To  rebel. 

Re-cedo,  ere,  cessi,  cessum.  To  with- 
draw, recede,  retire. 

Hccens,  entis.  Recent,  fresh,  young, 
new. 

Hedpio,  $re,  cepi,  ceptum,  (re,  capio). 
To  receive,  recover,  resume;  se 
redpere,  to  betake  one's  self, 
withdraw. 

Recito,  dre,  dvi,  dtum,  (re,  cito). 
To  repeat,  recite. 

Recognosco,  Zre,  novi,  nttum,  (re, 
cognosce).  To  recognize. 


Recorddtio,  onis,  f.  (recorder).  Re- 
collection, remembrance. 

Recordor,  dri,  atus  sum,  dep.  To 
recollect. 

Recte,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (rectus). 
Rightly. 

Rector,  oris,  m.  (rego).  Director, 
ruler. 

Rectum,  f,  n.  (rectus).    Right. 

Rectus,  a,  urn,  (rego).  Straight, 
right,  correct. 

Recupero,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  re- 
gain. 

Red-do,  ere,  didi,  dttum.  To  re- 
store, return ;  make ;  render,  re- 
peat, recite,  give  up,  resign ;  as- 
sign. 

Red-eo,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Itum.  To  go 
back,  return.  295. 

Redtgo,  ere,  egi,  actum,  (red,  ago). 
To  force,  reduce,  compel. 

Redimo,  8re,  emi,  emptum,  (red, 
emo).  To  ransom. 

Redltus,  us,  m.  (redeo).  Return, 
revenue. 

Re-duco,  ere,  duxl,  ductum.  To  lead 
back,  reduce. 

Red-undo,  are,  dvi*  dtum.  To  over- 
flow ;  to  abound. 

Re-fercio,  Ire,  fersi,  fertum,  (re,  far- 
cio).  To  fill,  stuff,  cram. 

Re-fero,  ferre,  tuli,  Idtum,  (re- 
fero).  To  bring  back,  requite, 
return,  render,  place  among,  re- 
fer; refert,  imps,  it  concerns, 
matters. 

Refertus,  a,  um,  part,  (refercio). 
Filled. 

Rejicio,  &rc,  fed,  fectum.,  (re,  facio). 
To  repair,  restore ;  recover. 

Refluo,  Zre,  fiuxi,  fiuxum,  (re,  fluo). 
To  flow  back. 


RESPONDED] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


197 


Re-fugio,  $re,  fugi,  fugitum.  Tore- 
treat. 

Reglna,  ae,  f.     Queen. 

Regio,  onis,  f.     Region,  country. 

Regius,  a,  urn,  (rex).     Royal. 

Regno,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (regnum). 
To  reign,  rule. 

Regnum,  i,  n.  (rex).  Kingdom, 
sovereignty,  government. 

Rego,  ere,  rexi,  rectum.  To  direct, 
rule,  manage. 

Regredior,  predi,  gressus  sum,  dep. 
(re,  gradior).  To  return. 

Regula,  ae,  f.  (rego).  Rule,  pattern, 
model. 

Regulus,  i,  m.  Regulus.  Marcus 
Atilius  Regulus,  a  distinguished 
Roman  consul  taken  prisoner  by 
the  Carthaginians  in  the  first 
Punic  war,  (186). 

Religio,  6nis,  f.  Religion,  obligation. 

Re-linquo,  Sre,  llqui,  Return.  To 
leave,  desert 

Reliquiae,  drum,  f.  pi.  Remnant, 
those  who  escaped. 

Reliquus,  a,  urn.  The  rest,  remain- 
ing, the  other.  Reliquum  est,  it  is 
left,  it  remains. 

Re-maneo,  ere,  mansi,  mansum.  To 
remain. 

Remedium,  ii,  n.     Remedy. 

Reminiscor,  ci,  dep.  To  remem- 
ber. 

Re-mitto,  ere,  mlsi,  missum.  To 
send  back. 

Re-moveo,  ere,  movi,  motum.  To 
take  away,  remove. 

Remus,  i,  m.     Oar. 

Remus,  i,  m.  Remus,  the  brother 
of  Romulus,  (152). 

Rentvo,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (re,  novo). 
To  renew. 


Re-nuntio,  are,  dvi,  dturn*  To  re- 
port, announce. 

Reparo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (re,  paro), 
To  renew,  repair. 

Re-pello,  Sre,  puli,  puhum.  To  re- 
pel, drive  back. 

Repente,  adv.     Suddenly.  * 

Repentlnus,  a,  um.  Unexpected, 
sudden. 

Reperio,  Ire,  peri,  perium,  (re,  pa- 
rio).  To  find. 

Re-pleo,  ere,  evi,  ctum.  To  fill,  fill 
again. 

Re-pono,  ere,  posui,  positum.  To  re- 
place, restore,  lay  up. 

Re-porto,  dre,  dvi,  atum.  To  gain, 
bear  off. 

Reprehendo,  ere,  prehendi,  preken- 
sum,  (re,  prehendo).  To  blame, 
censure.' 

Repudio,  dre,  dvi,  atum.  To  reject, 
divorce. 

Re-pugno,  dre,  dvi,  dtum.  To  resist. 

Re-qulro,  8re,  quislvi  orii,  quisltum 
(re,  quaero).  To  seek,  demand, 
require. 

Res,  rei,  f.  Thing ;  affair ;  state  ; 
deed,  reality,  battle ;  res  gestae, 
exploits  ;  res  publica,  republic. 

Re-scrlbo,  8re,  scripsi,  scriptum.  To 
write  back,  reply  in  writing. 

Resideo,  ere,  sedi,  (re,  sedeo).  To 
sit,  remain,  sit  down. 

Resisto,  ere,  stiti,  sfitum.  To  op- 
pose, resist. 

Respectus,  us,  m.  (respicio).  Respect, 
regard. 

Respicio,  &re,  spexi,  spectum,  (re,  spe- 
cio).  Tp  look  back;  regard,  re- 
spect. 

Re-spondeo,  ere,  spondi,  sponsum. 
To  reply. 


198 


LATIN   READER 


[RliSPONSUM 


Responsum,  i.  n.  (respondeo).  An- 
swer, response. 

Rcspublica,  rei  publlcac,  or  respub- 
llca,  reipublicae,  f.  Republic. 
126. 

Re-spuo,  eve,  spui.  To  cast  out,  eject ; 
reject,  refuse,  dislike. 

Restiiuo,  ere,  stitui,  stitutum,  (re, 
statuo).  To  restore. 

Re-iardo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  detain, 
retard,  check. 

Retineo,  ere,  tinui,  tentum,  (re, 
teneo).  To  retain. 

Reus,  i,  m.     Criminal,  defendant. 

Reverentia,  ae,  f.     Reverence. 

Re-vcrto,  $re,  verti,  versum  ;  rever- 
tor,  dep.  To  come  back,  return. 

Re-voco,  tire,  avi,  atum.     To  recall. 

Rex,  regis,  m.     King. 

Rhea,  ae,  f.  Rhea.  Rkea  Silvia, 
the  daughter  of  Numitor  and  the 
mother  of  Romulus  and  Remus, 
(152). 

Rhenus,  i,  in.  The  river  Rhine, 
(208). 

Rhodanus,  i,  m.  The  river  Rhone, 
in  Gaul,  (208). 

Rhodius,  a,  um,  (Rhodos,  the  island 
of  Rhodes).  Rhodian,  of  or  be- 
longing to  Rhodes.  Rhodius,  ii, 
m.  A  Rhodian,  (143). 

Rideo,  ere,  si,  sum.  To  laugh,  to 
laugh  at. 

Ripa,  ae,  f.     Bank,  at  of  a  river. 

Rite,  adv.     Rightly,  in  due  form. 

Robur,  oris,  n.     Strength. 

Robustus,  a,  um,  (robur).  Robust, 
strong. 

Rogatio,  onis,  f.  (rogo).     An  asking, 

question ;  entreaty,  request. 
Rogo,  are,  avi,  atum.    To  ask,  ques- 
tion. 


Roma,  &'<!,  F.     Rome,  (27). 

Romanus,  a.f  um,  adj.  (Roma).  Ro- 
man ;  subs.  Romanus,  i,  m.  a  Ro 
man,  (26). 

Romulus,  i,  m.  Romulus,  the  foun- 
der of  Rome,  (154). 

Roscius,  ii,  m.  Roscius-,  a  Roman 
name.  Lucius  Roscius,  a  cele- 
brated tribune  of  the  people  and 
friend  of  Cicero,  (51). 

Rotundus,  a,  um.  Round,  sphe- 
rical. 

Rufus,  i,  m.  Rufus,  a  Roman  sur- 
name ;  as,  Publius  Rutilius  Rufus, 
(139). 

Rulna,  ac,  f.     Ruin,  fall. 

Rullianus,  i.  m.  Rullianus,  a  Ro- 
man name.  Quintus  Fabius  Rul- 
lianus, master  of  the  cavalry  (ma- 
gister  equitum)  under  the  dicta- 
tor Papirius  Cursor,  (178). 

Rumpo,  ere,  rupi,  r upturn.  To 
break. 

Ruo,  ere,  rui,  rriitum  or  rutum.  To 
run,  rush  forth. 

Rupes,  is,  f.     Rock,  cliff. 

Rurms  (or  um),  adv.    Back,  again. 

Rus,  ruris,  n.  Country,  as  opposed 
to  city. 

Rusticus,  i,  m.  Countryman,  farm- 
er, peasant,  husbandman. 

Rutilius,  ii,  m.  Rutilius,  a  Roman 
name.  Publius  Rutilius  Rufus, 
a  Roman  consul,  slain  in  the  So- 
cial war,  (139). 

S. 

8.    An  abbreviation  for  Sextus,  F\p 

for  Spurius. 
Sabini,  drum,  m.  pi.    The  Sabines,  a 

people  of  Italy,  bordering   upoa 

Latium,  (157). 


SCIENTIA] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


199 


Sacer,  sacra,  sacrum.    Sacred. 

Sacerdos,  Otis,  m.  and  f.  (sacer). 
Priest,  priestess. 

Sacrificium,  ii,  n.     Sacrifice. 

Sacro,  are,  avit  atum,  (sacer).  To 
consecrate. 

Sacrum,  i,  n.  Sacred  rite  or  insti- 
tution; sacrifice. 

Saepe,  ius,  mime,  adv.     Often. 

Saevio,  Ire,  Ivi  or  ii,  Hum.  To  rage, 
be  cruel. 

Saaacitas,  atis,  f.  Sagacity,  acute- 
ness,  shrewdness. 

Saaax,  dcis.    Acute,  sagacious. 

Saaitta,  ae,  f.     Arrow. 

Saguntum,  i,  n.  Saguntum,  a  town 
in  Spain,  on  the  Mediterranean, 
(189). 

Saguntlni,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Sa- 
guntines,  citizens  of  Saguntum, 
(189). 

Salamis,  is  or  mis,  f.  (ace.  Salaml- 
na),  or  Salamma,  ae,  f.  The 
island  of  Salamis,  off  the  coast  of 
Attica,  (217). 

Saluber,  bris,  bre,  (salus).  Health- 
ful, salubrious. 

Salus,  utis,  f.  Safety;  Salus  per- 
sonified, the  Roman  goddess,  So- 
lus, (20,  7). 

Salutaris,  e,  (salus).  Healthful, 
wholesome. 

Saluto,  are,  dvi,  atum,  (salus).  To 
salute. 

Salve,  def.  verb.  Hail.  See  297,  III.  1. 

Salvus,  a,  um.     Safe,  unhurt. 

Samnites,  ium,  m.  pi.  The  Sam- 
nites,  the  inhabitants  of  Samnium, 
in  Italy,  (178). 

Samus  or  Samos,  i,  f.  The  island 
Sam os,  on  the  coast  of  Asia 
Minor. 


Sanctc,  ius,  issime,  (sanctus,  sacred, 
P't*r-e),  ad7.  Chastely,  purely, 
conscientiously. 

Sanguis,  mis,  m.     Blood. 

Sannio,  onis,  m.  Sannio,  a  proper 
name,  (35). 

Sapiens,  eiilis.  Wise  ;  subs,  a  wise 
man. 

Sapienter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (sapiens). 
Wisely. 

/Sapientia,  ae,  f.  (sapiens).    Wisdom. 

Sapio,  ere,  Ivi  or  ui.  To  taste ;  to 
have  sense,  to  know,  understand, 
be  wise. 

Sardes,  ium,  f.  Sardis,  the  ancient 
capital  of  Lydia. 

Sardinia,  ae,  f.  The  island  of  Sar- 
dinia, west  of  Italy,  (188). 

Satelles,  itis,  m.  and  f.  Lifeguard, 
attendant. 

Salio,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  fill,  sa- 
tisfy, content. 

Satis,  adv.,  adj.,  subs.  Enough,  suf- 
ficient, sufficiently ;  satis  habere, 
to  have  enough,  be  content. 

Saturnia,  ae,  f.  Saturnia,  the  town 
and  citadel  built  by  Saturn,  (148). 

Saturnus,  i,  m.  Saturn,  the  most 
ancient  king  of  Latium,  (148). 

Saucius,  a,  um.  Wounded,  injured, 
hurt,  sick,  intoxicated. 

Saxum,  i,  n.     Rock,  stone. 

Scaevola,  ae,  m.     §ee  Mucius,  (172). 

Scelcstus,  a,  urn,  (scelus).  Wicked, 
criminal,  infamous. 

Scelus,  cri-s,  n.      Crime,  wickedness. 

Scena,  ae,  f.     Scene,  stage. 

Schola,  de,  f.  Leisure  devoted  tc 
learning ;  a  place  of  learning,  a 
school ;  a  lecture,  dissertation. 

Scientia,  ae,  f.  (scio).  Knowledge, 
science,  skill,  expertness. 


200 


LATIN   KEADEK. 


[Scio 


Scio,  sclre,  scivi,  scitum.  To  know, 
understand,  have  knowledge. 

Scipio,  onis,  m.  Scipio,  the  name 
of  a  distinguished  Roman  family. 
See  Africans,  (190). 

Scriba,  ae,  m.  (scribo).  Scribe, 
clerk. 

Scribo,  8re,  scripsi,  scripium.  To 
write,  prepare. 

Scutum,  i,  n.     Shield. 
5  Scythia,  ae,  f.    Scythia,  an  extensive 
country  in  the  north  of  Europe 
and  Asia,  (215). 

Scythae,  arum,  m.  pi.  The  Scythi- 
ans, (215). 

Se-cedo,  £ret  cessi,  cessum.  To  retire, 
withdraw. 

Secundum,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace. 
After,  behind,  next  to ;  according 
to,  by  the  side  of,  along. 

Secundus,  a,  um.  Second,  favorable, 
prosperous. 

Sed,  conj.     But. 

Sedecim,  indec.  (sex,  dceein).  Six- 
teen. 

Sedeo,  ere,  sedi,  sessum.   To  sit,  stay. 

Sedes,  is,  f.     Seat,  abode,  residence. 

Seditio,  onis,  f.     Quarrel,  sedition. 

Sediliosus,  a,  um,  (seditio).  Muti- 
nous, seditious. 

Sedo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  allay,  quiet 

Segnis,  e.    Slothful,  inactive. 

Segniter,  ius,  issime,  adv.  (segnis). 
Sbthfully. 

jSeleucia,  ae,  f.  Seleucia,  a  city  of 
Syria  on  the  Orontes,  (206). 

Semel,  adv.     Once. 

Sementis,  is,  f.     Seed  ;  sowing. 

Semiariimis,  e.  Half-alive,  half-dead. 

Semper,  adv.     Always,  ever. 

Sempiternus,  a,  um,  (semper).  Ever- 
lasting, imperishable. 


Sempronim,  ii,  m.     See  Gracchus, 

(190). 

Senator,  oris,  m.  (senex).    Senator. 
Senatus,  us,  m.  (senex).     Senate. 
Senectus,  utis,  f.  (senex).  Old  age,  age. 
Senesco,  ere,  senui.      To  grow  old, 

become  aged ;  senescens,  enlis,  b& 

coming  old,  aged. 
Senex,  senis.     Old,  aged.     168,  8. 
Senex,  senis,  m.  and  f.     An  old  man, 

an  aged  person. 
Senones,  um,  m.  pL     The  Senones,  a 

powerful  people  in  Gaul,  (176). 
Sensim,    adv.  (sentio).      Sensibly; 

slowly,  gradually,  by  degrees. 
Sensus,  us,  m.      Sensation,   sense, 

perception. 
Sententia,  ae,  f.      Opinion,  sentence, 

sentiment,  maxim,  axiom,  purpose, 

decision. 

Sentio,  Ire,  sensi,  sensum.     To  per- 
ceive,   feel,    experience;    think, 

judge. 
Sepelio,  Ire,  pelivi  or  ii,  pultum.    To 

bury. 
Sepio,  Ire,  sepsi,  septum.     To  guard, 

shelter. 

Septem,  indecL     Seven. 
Septimus,    a,    um,  (septem).      Se- 
venth. 
Septingentesimus,    a,    um,    (septin- 

genti).    The  seven  hundredth. 
Septingenti,  ae,  a.     Seven  hundred. 
Septuagesimus,  a,  um,  (septuaginta), 

Seventieth. 

Septuaginta,  indecL     Seventy. 
Sepulcrum,  i,  n.  (sepelio).     Grave, 

tomb,  sepulchre. 

Sepulturat  ae,  f.  (sepelio).     Burial. 
Sequani,  drum,  m.      The  Sequani,  a 

Gallic  people,   dwelling    on    the 

river  Sequana,  (23,  15). 


SOCIETAS] 


LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


201 


Sequor,  scqid,  secuius  sum,  dep.    To 

follow,  succeed. 

Sergius,  ii,  m.     See  Catillna,  (207). 
Sermo,  onis,  m.     Speech,  discourse, 

conversation. 
Sero,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (serus).   Late, 

too  late. 
Scrpo,    ere,    serpsi,    serptum.       To 

spread,  extend. 
Serus,  a,  urn.     Late. 
Servilius,  ii,  m.     Servilius,  a  Roman 

name. 
Servio,  ire,  ivi  or  ii,  itum.     To  be  a 

slave,  to  serve,  be  subject  to. 
Servitus,  utis,  f.  (servio).    Servitude, 

slavery. 
Servius,  ii,  m.     Servius,  a  Roman 

name.     Servius  Tullius,  the  sixth 

king  of  Rome,  (164). 
Servo,  are,  dvi,  dtum.     To  observe, 

keep ;  preserve. 
Servus,  i,  m.     Slave. 
Sen.     Whether;   sen — seu,  whether 

— or. 

Sex,  indecl.     Six. 
Sexagcsimus,    a,     urn,     (sexaginta). 

Sixtieth. 

Sexaginta,  indecl.     Sixty. 
Sexcentesimus,  a,  um,  (sexcenti).  Six 

hundredth. 

Sexcenti,  ae,  a.     Six  hundred. 
Sextus,  a,  um,  (sex).     Sixth. 
Si,  conj.     If. 
Sic,  adv.     Thus,  so. 
Siccus,  a,  um.     Dry. 
Sicilia,  ae,  f.      The  island  of  Sicily, 

(185). 
Sidus,  eris,  n.     A  group  of  stars,  a 

constellation. 
Significo,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (signum, 

facio).    To  show,  indicate,  mean, 

signify. 


Signum,  i,  n.  Mark,  sign,  indica- 
tion, standard. 

Silentium,  ii,  n.  Silence,  stillness, 
quiet,  repose. 

Sileo,  ere,  ui.  To  be  silent,  still, 
quiet ;  to  pass  over  hi  silence,  not 
to  speak  of. 

Silvia,  ae,  f.     See  Rhea,  (152). 

Silvius,  ii,  m.  Silvius,  the  name  of 
several  kings  of  Alba,  the  first  of 
whom  was  the  son  of  Aeneas, 
(150,  151). 

Similis,  e.     Similar,  like.     163,  2. 

Similiter,  ius,  lime,  adv.  (similis). 
In  like  manner,  similarly,  in  a 
similar  way.  305,  2. 

Simonides,  is,  m.  Simonides,  a  cele- 
brated lyric  poet  of  Cea,  (132). 

Simul,  adv.     At  the  same  time. 

Simuldtio,  onis,  f.  An  assumed  ap- 
pearance, pretence,  simulation,  de- 
ceit, hypocrisy. 

Sin,  conj.     But  if. 

Sine,  prep,  with  abl.     Without. 

Singuldris,  e.  Single,  singular,  re- 
markable. 

Singalus,  a,  um.    Single,  one  by  one. 

Sinister,  tra,  trum.  Left,  on  the 
left. 

Sino,  &re,  sivl,  situm.  To  permit ; 
allow ;  situs,  put,  placed,  situated. 

Sinus,  us,  m.     Bosom,  bay. 

Si-quis  or  siqui,  siqua,  siquid  or  si- 
quod,  indef.  pron.  If  any,  if  any 
one. 

Sitis,  is,  f.     Thirst,  desire. 

Sobrius,  a,  um.  Sober,  temperate, 
moderate,  reasonable. 

Socer,  eri,  m.     Father-in-law. 

Socidlis,  e,  (socius).   Social,  friendly. 

Societas,  dtis,  f.  (socius).  League, 
alliance,  partnership,  society. 


202 


LATIN   EEADEK. 


[Socius 


Socius,  ii,  m.     Ally,  confederate. 

Socrates,  is,  m.  Socrates,  a  cele- 
brated Grecian  philosopher,  (20, 8). 

Sol,  solis,  m.     Sun. 

Solemnis,  e.  Stated,  established  ; 
religious,  solemn. 

Solemmter,  adv.  (solemnis).  Sol- 
emnly, in  due  form. 

Soleo,  ere,  itm  sum.  To  be  accus- 
tomed, be  wont.  272,  3. 

Solidus,  a,  um.     Solid. 

Solitudo,  inis,  f.  (solus).     Solitude. 

Solitus,  a,  um,  (soleo).     Usual. 

jSollertia,  ae,  f.  Sagacity,  shrewd- 
ness. 

Solon,  onis,  m.  Solon,  a  celebrated 
Athenian  law-giver  and  one  of  the 
seven  wise  men  of  Greece,  (128). 

Solum,  adv.  (solus).     Only,  alone. 

Solus,  a,  um.     Alone.     149. 

Mrdus,  a,  um,  (solvo).  Unrestrain- 
ed, dissolute. 

Solvo,  ere,  solvi,  solutum.  To  loose, 
unbind ;  to  pay. 

Somnio,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (somnium). 
To  dream. 

Somnium,  ii,  n.     Dream. 

Somnus,  i,  m.     Sleep. 

Sonitus,  us,  m.  (sono).  Sound,  noise. 

Sono,  dre,  ui,  itum.  To  sound,  ut- 
ter, speak,  call,  express,  mean. 

Sonus,  i,  m.  (sono).     Sound. 

Sophocles,  is  and  i,  m.  Sophocles, 
a  celebrated  Grecian  tragic  poet, 
(55). 

Sordidus,  a,  um.  Sordid,  soiled, 
filthy,  base,  mean. 

Soror,  cris,  f.     Sister. 

Sors,  sortis,  f.     Lot. 

Sparta,  ae,  f.  Sparta,  the  capital  of 
Laconia,  in  the  Peloponnesus; 
also  called  Lacedaemon, 


Spartanus,  a,  um,  adj.  (Sparta). 
Spartan ;  subs.  Spartanus,  i,  m., 
a  Spartan,  (222). 

Spartdcus,  i,  m.  Spartacus,  a  cele- 
brated gladiator  who  waged  war 
against  the  Romans,  (204). 

Spatium,  ii,  n.     Space.  / 

Species,  ei,  f.     Appearance,  guise. 

Spectaculum,  i,  n.  (specto).  Specta- 
cle, show. 

Specto,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  view, 
witness.  Spectatus,  a,  um.  Tried, 
proved,  illustrious. 

Sperno,  ere,  sprevi,  spretum.  To 
despise,  reject,  contemn,  scorn, 
spurn. 

Spero,  are,  dvi,  dtum.  To  expect, 
hope ;  flatter  one's  self. 

Spes,  ei,  f.     Hope. 

Spolio,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (spolium).  To 
rob;  spoil;  despoil. 

Spolium,  ii,  n.  Plunder,  spoil, 
booty. 

Spontis,  gen.  sponte,  abl.  sing.  Of 
or  for  himself,  itself,  of  one's  own 
accord,  on  one's  own  account,  vo- 
luntarily, spontaneously. 

Spurius,  ii,  m.  See  Postumius  and 
Lucretius. 

Stabilitas,  dtis,  f.  Immovability, 
steadfastness,  stability. 

Stadium,  ii,  n.  A  stade  or  stadium, 
a  measure  equal  to  606  English 
feet ;  race-course,  race-ground. 

Slatim,  adv.  (sto).  At  once,  imme- 
diately. 

Statio,  onis,  f.  (sto).  Station,  post; 
residence. 

Statua,  ae,  f.  (statuo).     Statue. 

Statuo,  ere,  ui,  ututn,  (status,  from 
sto).  To  determine ;  appoint, 
place. 


BtfFFICIOJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


203 


Statura,  at,  f.  (status,  from  sto). 
Height,  size  of  tbe  body,  stature. 

Status,  us,  m.  (sto).  State,  condition. 

Stella,  ae,  f.     Star. 

Stcrno,  ere,  stravi,  stratum.  To 
prostrate. 

Sto,  stare,  steti,  statum.     To  stand. 

Sir  ages,  is,  f.     Slaughter,  defeat. 

tStrangiilo,  are,  avi,  atum.  To 
strangle. 

Strenue,  adv.  (strenuus).  Vigor- 
ously, carefully. 

Strenuus,  a,  um.     Active,  valiant. 

Studeo,  ere,  id.  To  study,  favor,  be 
attached  to  ;  to  devote  one's  self 
to ;  be  zealous. 

Studiose,  ius,  is&ime,  adv.  (studio- 
sus).  Diligently,  earnestly. 

Studiosus,  a,  um,  (studium).  Eager, 
desirous,  zealous;  friendly,  stu- 
dious. 

Studium,  it,  n.  Zeal,  study,  desire, 
pursuit. 

Stultitia,  ae,  f.  (stultus).  Folly,  fool- 
ishness, simplicity. 

Stultus,  a,  um.  Foolish,  simple, 
silly. 

Suadeo,  ere,  suasi,  suasum.  To  ad- 
vise. 

Sub,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Under, 
at  the  foot  of. 

Sub  -diico,  ere,  duxi,  ductum.  To  take 
away,  withdraw. 

Subigo,  Zre,  egi,  actum,  (sub,  ago). 
To  subdue,  conquer. 

Subito,  adv.  (subltus,  from  subeo). 
Suddenly,  unexpectedly. 

Sublime,  adv.  (subllmis).  Aloft, 
loftily,  on  high. 

Subllmis,  e.     High,  on  high. 

Sub-mergo,  ere,  mersi,  mersum.  To 
dip  or  plunge  under;  to  sink, 


overwhelm,  submerge.  Pass.  To 
be  overwhelmed,  to  sink. 

Sub-rideo,  ere,  rlsi,  rlsum.  To  smile, 
laugh. 

Subsidium,  i.i,  n.  Tne  reserve  ;  aid, 
reinforcement. 

Sub-silio,  ire,  silui  and  silii,  (sub, 
salio).  To  leap  or  jump  up,  leap, 
jump. 

Sub-sum,  esse,  fui.  To  be  at  hand 
or  near,  be  under. 

Subter,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Be- 
low, beneath,  under. 

Sub-traho,  ?re,  traxi,  tractum.  To 
take  away,  remove,  subtract. 

Sub-venio,  Ire,  veni,  ventum.  To 
come  to ;  to  aid,  relieve. 

Sub-verto,  ere,  verti,  versum.  To 
overturn,  overthrow,  destroy,  sub- 
vert. 

Succedo,  &re,  cessi,  ccssum,  (sub, 
cedo).  To  succeed,  come  after. 

Successio,  oris,  f.  (succedo).  Suc- 
cession. 

Successor,  onis,  m.  (succedo).  Suc- 
cessor. 

Successus,  us,  m.  (succedo).  Success. 

Suc-cumbo,  Sre,  cubui,  cubUum.  To 
yield,  submit  to. 

Suffetius,  ii,  m.  Suffetius.  Metius 
Suffetius,  dictator  of  the  Albans. 
Having  been  summoned  to  aid 
the  Romans  against  the  Veien- 
tines,  he  drew  off  his  forces  at  the 
very  moment  of  battle,  and  await- 
ed the  issue  of  the  engagement. 
For  this  perfidy  he  was  put  to 
death  by  order  of  Tullius  Hosti- 
lius  (160). 

Sufficio,  ere,  fed,  fectum,  (sub,  fa- 
cio).  To  substitute ;  be  sufficient, 
suffice. 


204 


LATIN   HEADER. 


[SCFFUNDO 


Suffundo,   ere,   fadi,   fusum,  (sub, 

fundo).      To  spread    over,   pour 

through;  suffuse. 
Sui,  sibi.     Himself,  herself,  itself. 
Sulla,  ae,  m.     Sulla,  a  distinguished 

Roman    dictator     and     general, 

(202). 

Sum,  esse,  fui.     To  be. 
Summa,  ae,  f.  (sumruus).     Supreme 

power. 
Summoveo,  ere,  mdvi,  motum,  (sub, 

moveo).    To  remove,  displace. 
Summus.     See  Superus. 
Sumo,   ere,   sumpsi,   sumptum.     To 

take,  inflict. 
Sumptus,  us,  m.  (sumo).     Expense, 

cost. 
Super,  prep,  with  ace.  or  abl.  Over, 

above,  upon;  of,  concerning,  at, 

at  the  time  of. 
Superbia,  ae,  f.  (superbus).     Pride, 

haughtiness. 

Superbus,  a,  urn.    Proud. 
Superbus,  it  m.     Superbus,  the  sur- 
name of  Tarquin,  the  last  king  of 

Rome,  (167). 
Super o,  are,   avi,   dtum,   (supSrus). 

To  surpass ;    conquer ;   pass  by, 

cross. 

Superstitio,  onis,  f.  (supcrsto).     Su- 
perstition. 
Super-sum,  esse,  fui.    To  remain,  be 

left,  survive. 
Superus,  a,  um  ;  comp.   superior ; 

superL    supremus     or     summus. 

High,  above;  past,  former.     163, 

Super-venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.  To 
come  to,  surprise. 

Supplementum,  i,  n.  Supplies,  re- 
inforcement. 

Supplext  Ids,  (sub,  plico).     Humbly 


begging,  submissive,  beseeching, 
suppliant ;  subs,  a  suppliant. 

Supplicium,  ii,  n.     Punishment. 

Supra,  prep,  with  ace.  Above, 
upon. 

Supremus.     See  Superus. 

Surripio,  8rc,  ripui,  reptum,  (sub, 
rapio).  To  snatch  away ;  to  steal, 
pilfer,  purloin. 

Susdpio,  ere,  cepi^  ceptum,  (sub,  ca- 
pio).  To  bear,  endure  ;  receive ; 
undertake,  engage  in. 

Suspendo,  ere,  pendi,  pensum,  (sub, 
pendo).  To  suspend,  hang  up. 

Suspensus,  a,  um,  (suspendo).  Un- 
certain, undecided ;  anxious. 

Suspicio,  Onis,  f.  (suspicor).  Suspi- 
cion. 

Suspicio,  £re,  spexi,  spectum,  (sub, 
specie).  To  suspect. 

Suspicor,  dri,  dtus  sum,  (suspicio), 
dep.  To  suspect. 

Sustento,  are,  avi,  alum,  (sustineo). 
To  hold  up,  support,  sustain ;  en- 
dure, suffer;  delay.  332,  1.2. 

Sustineo,  ere,  tinui,  tentum,  (sub, 
teneo).  To  sustain,  withstand; 
endure,  endure  the  thought  of. 

Suus,  a,  um.  His,  her,  its,  their; 
pi.  often,  one7s  party,  friends. 

Syracusae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Syracuse,  a 
city  in  Sicily,  (185). 

Syracusani,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Sy- 
racusans,  the  citizens  of  Syra- 
cuse, (223). 

T. 

T'.    An  abbreviation  of  Titus. 

Tabernaculum,  i,  n.     Tent. 

Taceo,    ere,  tacui,  taciturn.     To  be 

silent,  not  to  speak,  to  pass  over 

in  silence. 


TEBBITOBIUM]          LATIN-ENGLISH   VOCABULARY. 


205 


Tacitus,  a,  urn.     Silent,  secret,  tacit. 

Tactus,  us,  m.     Touch. 

Taedet,  ere,  taeduit  or  tacsum  est,  im- 
pers.  It  disgusts,  wearies. 

Talentum,  i,  n.  Talent,  sum  of 
money,  somewhat  more  than 
$1,000. 

Tails,  e,  such. 

Tarn.     So;  tarn — quam,  so — as. 

Tamen,  conj.     Yet,  nevertheless. 

Tametsi,  conj.  (tamen,  etsi).  Not- 
withstanding that,  although, 
though. 

Tanaquil,  Ills,  f.  Tanaquil,  the  wife 
of  Tarquinius  Priscus,  (165). 

Tandem,  adv.     At  length. 

Tanquam,  adv.     As,  just  as. 

Tantum.     Only. 

Tantus,  a,  um.  Such,  so  great,  so 
much ;  tanti  esse,  to  be  worth  the 
while. 

Tarentum,  i,  n.  Tarentum,  a  town 
of  Lower  Italy,  (184). 

Tarentlni,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Taren- 
tines,  the  inhabitants  of  Taren- 
tum, (180). 

Tarpeia,  ae,  f.  Tarpeia,  a  Roman 
maiden,  who  betrayed  the  citadel 
of  Rome  to  the  Sabines,  (156). 

Tarpeius,  ii,  m.  Tarpeius,  one  of 
the  seven  hills  of  Rome,  also  call- 
ed Capitollnus.  The  Capitol  was 
erected  upon  it.  Afterwards  the 
term  Tarpeius  was  applied  to 
the  southern  summit  of  the  hill, 
(157). 

Tarquinii,  drum,  m.  pi.  Tarquinii, 
an  ancient  town  of  Etruria,  (49r 
10). 

Tarquinius,  ii,  m.  Tarquin,  the 
name  of  the  fifth  king  of  Rome 
and  of  his  descendants,  as  Tar- 


quinius Superbus,  the  last  king 
of  Rome ;  and  Tarquinius  Colla- 
tlnus,  the  colleague  of  Brutus  in 
the  consulship,  (169). 

Tectum,  i,  n.  (tego).  Covering,  roof; 
house,  edifice. 

Tego,  ere,  texi,  tectum.     To  cover, 

Tclum,  i,  n.    Weapon. 

Temere,  adv.     Rashly. 

Temeritas,  cdis,  f.  Rashness,  indis- 
cretion, temerity. 

Tempestas,  atis,  f.  (tempus).  Time  ; 
tempest,  storm. 

Tempestlve,  adv.  (tempestlvus,  time- 
ly). Seasonably,  just  at  the  time, 
opportunely. 

Templum,  i,  n.     Temple. 

Tempus,  oris,  n.  Time.  Tempura, 
times,  seasons,  events. 

Temulentus,  a,  um.  Drunk,  intoxi- 
cated. 

Teneo,  ere,  ui,  tentum.  To  hold, 
keep,  occupy ;  obtain,  retain,  as  in 
the  memory. 

Tento,  are,  avi,  atum,  (tendo).  To 
try ;  attack.  332,  I.  2. 

Tenus,  prep,  with  abl.  Up  to,  as 
far  as. 

Tereniius,  ii,  m.    See  Varro,  (191). 

Ter-geminus,  a,  umt  Threefold; 
tergemini,  three  brothers  born  at 
a  birth. 

Tergum,  i,  n.     Back. 

Termino,  are,  avi,  atum,  (terminus). 
To  limit,  bound. 

Terminus,  i,  m.  Limit,  boundary ; 
end. 

Terra,  ae,  f.     Earth,  land,  country. 

Terreo,  Sre,  ui,  \turn.     To  terrify. 

Terrester,  iris,  tre,  (terra).  Terres- 
trial, on  land,  land  (as  adj.). 

Territorium,  ii,  n.     Territory. 


206 


LATIN   READER. 


[TERROR 


Terror  om,  m.  (terreo).  Terror, 
alarm ;  fear  of. 

Tertius,  a,  urn.     Third. 

Testamentum,  i,  n.    Testament,  will. 

Testis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Witness. 

Testor,  ari,  atus  mm,  (testis)._  To 
affirm  ;  call  to  witness. 

Testudo,  inis,  f.     Tortoise. 

Thales,  is,  m.  Thales,  a  celebrated 
Grecian  philosopher  of  Miletus, 
one  of  the  seven  wise  men,  (114). 

Theatrum,  i,  n.     Theatre. 

Thcbae,  arum,  f.  pi.  Thebes,  the 
capital  of  Boeotia  in  Greece,  (230). 

TJiebunus,  a,  urn,  adj.  (Thebae). 
Theban,  (229);  subs.  Thebdnus, 
i,  m.,  a  Theban. 

Thcleslnu-s,  i,  m.  See  Pontius, 
(28,  10). 

Thcmistocles,  is,  m.  Themistocles, 
a  celebrated  Athenian  commander, 
(132—134). 

Theocritus,  i,  m.  Theocritus,  a  ce- 
lebrated Grecian  poet,  (130). 

Theophrastus,  i,  m.  Theophrastus, 
a  Grecian  philosopher,  a  disciple 
of  Plato  and  Aristotle,  (129). 

Thermopylae,  drum,  f.  pi.  Thermo- 
pylae, the  famous  defile  or  pass 
between  Locris  and  Thessaly, 
where  Leonidas  fell,  (218). 

Thessalia,  ae,  f.  The  country  of 
Thessaly,  in  Greece,  south  of  Ma- 
cedonia, (210). 

Tkessalus,  a,  urn,  adj.  Thessalian  ; 
subs.  TJiessalus,  i,  m.,  a  Thessa- 
lian, (243). 

Thesscilus,  i,  m.  Thessalus,  a  native 
of  Thesprotia,  in  Epirus,  who  is 
said  to  have  formed  a  settlement 
in  Thessaly,  and  to  have  given  his 
oame  to  the  country. 


Thorax,  dcis,  m.  Breastplate,  coat/ 
of-mail,  corselet. 

Thracia,  ae,  f.  The  country  of 
Thrace,  east  of  Macedonia,  (231). 

TJirasybulus,  i,  m.  Thrasybulus,  an 
Athenian  who  liberated  the  city 
from  the  Thirty  Tyrants,  (136, 
228). 

Thucydides,  is,  m.  Thucydides,  a 
celebrated  Greek  historian,  (77). 

Tiberis,  is,  m.  The  river  Tiber,  in 
Italy,  (153). 

Tiberius,  ii,  m.  Tiberius,  the  second 
Roman  emperor,  (145). 

Ticlnus,  i,  m.  Ticinus,  a  river  in 
Cisalpine  Gaul,  famous  for  the 
victory  of  Hannibal  over  the  Ro- 
mans, (190,  194). 

Tigranes,  is,  m.  Tigranes,  son-in- 
law  of  Mithridates  and  king  of  Ar- 
menia, (205). 

Timeo,  Ire,  ui.     To  fear. 

Timidus,  a,  um,  (timeo).  Cowardly, 
timid. 

Timoleon,  ontis,  m.  Timolcon,  a 
Corinthian  general,  (51). 

Timothcus,  ei,  m.  Timotheus,  an 
Athenian  general,  son  of  Conon, 
(49,  12). 

Tintinnabulum,  i,  n.     Bell. 

Tires  las,  ae,  m.  Tiresias,  a  cele- 
brated blind  soothsayer  of  Thebes, 
(24,  11). 

Tissaphernes,  is,  m.  Tissaphernes, 
a  distinguished  Persian  satrap  of 
Lower  Asia,  under  Darius  ;  after- 
wards general  in  the  service  of 
Artaxerxes,  (225). 

Titus,  i,  m.  Titus,  a  Roman  em- 
peror, (141).  See  also  Quinctius, 
(177). 

Tollo,   £re,   susttili,    sublatam.      To 


TRIGIKTAJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


207 


raise,  take  up,  elate  ;  take  away ; 

destroy;  discard. 
Tondeo,   cr<^  totondi,   tonsum.      To 

shear,  clip,  crop ;  graze,  browse ; 

pluck,  gather. 

Torquatus,  i,  m,      Torquatus,  sur- 
name of  Titus  Hanlius  and  his 

descendants,  (177)» 
Torguis,  is,  m.  and  f.     Collar,  chain 

for  the  neck. 
Tot,  indecl.     So  many. 
Totidem,  indecl.     Just  as  many,  the 

same  number, 

Totus,  a,  um.     All,  the  whole,  some- 
times best  rendered  by  adv.  wholly, 

entirely.     149,  443. 
Tracto,   are,   avi,    atum.      To   use, 

treat,  manage. 
Trado,  Pre,  didi,  dttum,  (trans,  do). 

To  deliver,  give,  consign  to ;  also 

to  relate,    say ;    tradltur  (when 

impers.),  it  is  said. 
Traduco,  &re,  duxi,  ductum,  (trans, 

duco).     To  lead  across,  transport. 
Tragoedia,  ae,  f.     Tragedy. 
Tragoedus,  i,  m.     Tragedian. 
Traho,  ere,  traxi,  tractum.  To  draw ; 

protract;     delay,   detain,    derive, 

influence. 
Trajicio,   ere,  jeci,   jectum,   (trans, 

jacio).    To  throw  over ;  to  cross  ; 

conduct  over,  lead  over. 
Tt-ano,  are,  avi,  atum,  (trans,  no). 

To  swim  over. 

Trans,  prep,  with  ace.      Across,  be- 
yond. 

Trans-duco = traduco. 
Tram-eo,  ire,  wi  or  it,  itum.    To  go 

over,  to  cross.     295,  3. 
Trans-fcro,  ferre,  tuli,  latum.     To 

transport,  transfer,  translate. 
Trans-figo,   $re,  fixi,   faum.       To 
10 


transfix,   to    thrust    through,    to 

pierce  through. 
Transgredior,  gredi,    gressus  sum, 

dep.  (trans,  gradior).     To  go  or 

pass  over. 
Transigo,   $rc,   egi,    actum,    (trans, 

ago).     To  accomplish,  finish,  pass, 

spend, 
Transilio,  Ire,  wi,  it  or  m,  (trans, 

salio).     To  leap  or  pass  over. 
Transttus,  «s,  m.  (transeo).  Passage. 
Trans-mar Inus,   «,   um.     Transma- 
rine, over  the  sea, 
Trans-no = trano. 
Trans-porto,   are,   avi,    atum.      To 

carry  or  convey  from  one  place  to 

another,  carry  across,  transport. 
Trasimenus,  i,  m.     Lake  Trasime- 

ims  in  Etruria,  (190). 
Trcbia,  ae,  f.     The  river  Trebia  in 

Cisalpine  Gaul,  (190). 
Trecentesimus,  a,  um,  (trecenti).  The 

three  hundredth. 
Trecenti,  ae,  a.     Three  hundred. 
Tredecim,  indecl.     Thirteen. 
Tremo,    ere,    tremui.       To   shake, 

quake,  tremble,  quiver. 
Trepidus,    a,    um.       Alarmed,    in 

terror. 

Tres,  tria.    Three. 
Tribunus,  i,  m.     Tribune. 
Tribuo,  ere,  ui,  utum.    To  bestow, 

impute,  award. 

Tributarius,  a,  um.     Tributary. 
Tribiitum,    i,    n.    (tribuo).        Tax, 

tribute. 

Tricesimus,  a,  um.     The  thirtieth. 
Triennium,   ii,  n,     Tbe  spaoc  of 

three  years,  three  years. 
Triff&minus  s=  tergeminus, 
Trige&imus = tricesimua, 
Triginta,  indecl.     Thirty. 


208 


LATIN    READER. 


[TRIPLEX 


Triplex,  ids.     Triple,  threefold. 
Tripudio,  dre,  dvi.     To  leap,  dance. 
Tripus,  odis,  m.     Tripod. 
Triremis,  is,  f.  (tres,  remus).  Galley 

with  three  banks  of  oars. 
Triremis,  e,  adj.  Having  three  banks 

of  oars. 

Trisiis,  e.     Sad. 
Triumpho,    are,    dvi,    dium,    (tri- 

umphus).      To    triumph,   have  a 

triumphal  procession. 
Triumphus,  i,  m.     Triumph. 
Troezen,    enix,   f.    (ace.    Troezena). 

Troezen,  an  ancient  city  of  Argo- 

lis,  (217). 

Troja,  ae,  f.  The  city  of  Troy,  (33, 6). 
Trojani,  drum,  m.  pi.  (Troja).     The 

Trojans,  (149). 
Trojanus,  a,  um,  (Troja).     Trojan, 

(236). 

Tropaeum,  i,  n.     Trophy,  victory. 
Trucldo,  fire,  dvi,  Glum,  (trux,  cae- 

do).     To  slay,  massacre. 
Trux,  trucis.    Fierce,  stern. 
Tu,  tui.     Thou,  you. 
Tuba,  ae,  f.     Trumpet. 
Tubicen,  mis,  m.     Trumpeter. 
Taeor,  eri,  tultus  or  tutus  sum,  dep. 

To  look  upon ;  preserve,  defend. 
Tullia,  ae,  f.      Tullia,  the  daughter 

of  Servius  Tullius,  and  wife  of 

Tarquinius  Superbus,  (166). 
Tullius,  ii,  m.    See  Servius,  (164). 
Tuttw,  i,  m.    See  Hastilius,  (160). 
Turn.     Then;   turn — turn,  not  only 

— but  also ;  both — and. 
Tumultuo,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  (tumultus). 

To  make  a  noise  or  tumult. 
Tumultus,  us,  m.  Tumult,  sedition. 
Tumulus,  i,  m.     Tomb,  grave. 
Tune,  adv.     Then ;    tune  tcmporu, 

then.    S96,  2,  4, 


Tunica,  ae,  f.  Tunic,  coat,  a  gar- 
ment  worn  under  the  toga. 

Turba,  ae,  f.  Crowd,  throng,  mul- 
titude. 

Turbo,  are,  avi,  atum,  (turba).  To 
disturb,  throw  into  confusion. 

Turgesco,  £re,  iurgui.  To  swell,  to 
swell  with  passion. 

Twplter,  ius,  isslme,  adv.  (turpis, 
base).  Basely,  disgracefully,  in 
disgrace. 

Turris,  is,  f.     Tower, 

Tusculum,  i,  n.  Tusculum,  an  an- 
cient town  in  Latium,  (172). 

Tutor,  Oris,  m.     Tutor,  guardian. 

Tutus,  a,  um.     Safe. 

Tuust  a,  um,  adj.  pron.  (tu).  Thy, 
thine,  your,  yours. 

Tyrannis,  idis,  f.  (tyrannus).  Ty- 
ranny. 

Tyrannus,  t,  na.    Tyrant,  monarch, 

U 

Uber,  eris,  n.     Udder,  dug. 

Ubertas,  atis,  f.    Richness,  fertility. 

Ubi,  adv.  Where,  when,  sometimes 
interrog. 

Ubii,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Ubii,  an 
ancient  Germanic  people  dwelling 
on  the  Rhine,  (94). 

Ubinam,  adv.  Where,  in  what  part 
of? 

Ublque.     Everywhere. 

Ullus,  a,  um.     Any,  any  one.    149. 

Ulterior,  us  ;  superl.  ulttmus.  Fur- 
ther, more  remote;  superl.  last. 
166. 

UUio,  dnis,  f.     Revenge, 

Ultra,  adv.,  and  prep,  with  ace.  Be- 
yond, more  than. 

Uftro,  adv.      Voluntarily,  of 
own  accord* 


VASTO] 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


209 


Ulido,  are,  Civi,  atum*  To  howl,  to 
cry  aloud,  to  shriek. 

Umbra,  ae,  f.     Shade,  shadow. 

Untie,  adv.  Whence,  aho  interrog. 
whence  ? 

Undecim,  indecl.     Eleven. 

Undequinquaginta,  indecl.  Forty- 
nine. 

Undevicesimus,  a,  um.   Nineteenth. 

Undique,  adv.  From  all  quarters 
or  sides. 

Unguentum,  i,  n.  Ointment,  per- 
fume. 

Unguis,  is,  m.    Nail,  claw,  talon. 

Ungala,  ae,  f.     Claw,  talon,  hoof. 

Universus,  a,  um.  Whole,  entire ; 
all  together, 

Unquam,  adv.  At  any  time, 
ever. 

Unus,  a,  um.     One,  alone.     176. 

Unus-quisque,  unaquaeque,  etc. 
(unus,  quisque,  both  parts  de- 
clined). Each,  each  one. 

Urbs,  urbis,  f.     City, 

Urgeo,  ere,  ursi.  To  urge,  drive; 
press  upon. 

Usque,  adv.  So  far  as;  usque  ad, 
even  to;  usque  eo,  to  such  an 
extent. 

Usurpo,  are,  aw,  alum.  To  usurp, 
assume. 

Ifsus,  us,  m.  Use,  service ;  expe- 
rience ;  need. 

Ut  or  uti,  conj.  That,  as ;  after 
verbs  of  fearing,  that  not. 

Utcumque  or  utcunque,  adv.  How- 
ever, somewhat 

Utcr,  tra,  trum,  adj.  Which  ?  which 
of  the  two  ?  149. 

Uterque,  utraque,  utrumque,  like 
utcr.  Both,  each.  149,4. 

Ufilis,  c.     Useful 


Utititas,  atis,  f.  (utilis).  Utility,  ser- 
vice, advantage. 

Utor,  uti,  usus  sum.     To  use. 

Utrimque  or  utrinque,  adv.  On  both 
sides. 

Utrum,  in  double  questions.  Whe- 
ther. 

Uva,  ac,  f.  A  bunch  of  grapes,  a 
grape. 

Uxor,  dris,  f.     Wife. 


Vaco,  are,  dvi,  alum.  To  be  empty, 
vacant,  to  have  leisure  for;  be 
free  from. 

Vacuus,  a,  um.  Vacant,  empty, 
free  from. 

Vadum,  i,  n.      Ford,  shallow  water. 

Vagitus,  us,  m.     Crying. 

Vagor,  art,  atus  sum.  To  wander 
about. 

Vagus,  a,  um.  Wandering,  doubt- 
ful, uncertain,  vague. 

Valeo,  ere,  ui,  itwn.  To  have 
strength,  avail,  be  well. 

Valerius,  ii,  m.  Valerius,  a  Roman 
name.  See  Publictila,  Laevinus, 
(169,  180). 

Valetado,  inis.  f.  (valeo).  Habit, 
state  of  the  body,  health,  state  of 
health. 

Vanus,  a,  um.     Empty,  vain,  false. 

Varietas,  atis,  f.  (varius).  Variety, 
change. 

Varius,  a,  um.     Various, 

Varro,  onis,  m.  Varro,  a  Roman 
name.  Caius  Terentius  Varro,  a 
Roman  consul  defeated  at  Can- 
nae, (191). 

Vas,  vasis,n.     Vessel,  dish,  vase. 

Vasto,  are,  avi,  atum,  (vastus).  To 
lay  waste,  devastate,  pillage. 


210 


LATIN   READER. 


[VASTUS 


Vastus,  a,  um.     Waste,  desert,  vast. 
Fates,  is,  m.  and  f.    Prophet,  pro- 
phetess. 
Vectigal,    tills,    n.       Tax,   income, 

revenue. 
Veho,  ere,  vex?,  vectian.     To  carry, 

bear. 
Veientes,  um,  or  Vdentdni,  drum,,  m. 

pi.      The  Veientians,   or  Veien- 

tines,  the  inhabitants  of  Veil  in 

Etruria,  (!7dB| 
Vel,     conj.       Or,    even ;     vd — vd, 

either— or.  ^ 

Velox,  dels.     Swift,  rapid,  fleet. 
Vel-ut,  or  vel-uti,  adv.     As,  like  as, 

as  if. 
Vendlis,  e.     To  be  sold,   for  sale, 

purchasable. 
Vendo,  ere,  didi,  ditum.     To  sell; 

sub  corona    vendere,   to    sell   as 

slaves. 

Venenum,  i,  n.     Poison. 
Venio,  ire,  veni,  ventum.      To  come. 
Venor,   dri,   dtus  sum,    dep.       To 

hunt,  chase,  pursue. 
Venter,  iris,  m.     Belly,  stomach. 
Ventus,  i,  m.     Wind. 
Venus,  eris,  f.      Venus,  the  goddess 

of  love,  (28). 
Verbum,  i,  n.    Word. 
Vereor,   eri,  veritus  sum,  dep.     To 

fear,  to  be  afraid. 
Veritas,  dtis,  f.     Truth. 
Vero,  adv.  and  conj.  (verus)    Truly, 

indeed;  but. 
Verres,   is,  m.     Verres,   a    Roman 

name.       Oaius    Cornelius    Verres 

rendered  himself  notorious  by  his 

abuse  of  power  in  Sicily,  (43). 
Verso,  are,  dvi,  dtum,  or  versor,  dep. 

(verto).     To  turn  ;  busy  one's  self, 

be  occupied  with.     332,  I.  2. 


Versus,  us,  m.     A  verse. 

Vertex,  icis,  m.  (verto).  Summit/ 
top. 

Verto,  Zre,  verti,  versum.     To  turn. 

Verum,  conj.     But. 

Verus,  a,  um.     True,  real. 

Vescor,  vcsci.  To  enjoy,  feed  upoxij 
live  upon,  to  eat. 

Vesper,  iris  or  tri,  m.     Evening. 

Vespera,  ae,  f.     Evening. 

Vesperasco,  %re,  vesperavi,  (vesper). 
To  become  evening. 

Vesta,  ae,  f.  Vesta,  the  goddess  of 
the  hearth,  to  whom  a  perpetual 
fire  was  kept  burning,  (152). 

Vestalis,  e,  adj.  (Vesta).  Vestal,  re- 
lating to  Vesta,  (152). 

Vester,  tra,  trum.     Your. 

Vestibulum,  i,  n.  Vestibule,  en- 
trance. 

Vestio,  ire,  ivi,  itum,  (vestis).  T<? 
clothe. 

Vestis,  is,  f.     Garment. 

Veterdnus,  a,  um,  (vetus).  Vete- 
ran. 

Veto,  arc,  ui,  itum.     To  forbid. 

Veturia,  ac,  f.  Veturia,  the  mother 
of  Coriolanus,  (174). 

Veturius,  ii,  m.  Veturius,  a  Roman 
name.  Titus  Veturius,  a  Roman 
consul  defeated  by  the  Samnites 
at  the  Caudine  Forks,  (179). 

Vetus,  cris.  Old,  of  long  standing, 
ancient. 

Vetustas,  dtis,  f.  (vetus).  Antiquity, 
age. 

Vetustus,  a,  um.     Old,  ancient 

Via,  ae,  f.     Way. 

Viator,  oris,  m.     Traveller. 

Vicesimus,  a,  um.     Twentieth. 

Viclnus,  a,  um.     Neighboring. 

Vicis,  gen.  f.     Change,  reverse,  al« 


VCLTUSJ 


LATIN-ENGLISH    VOCABULARY. 


211 


ternation,  requital ;  fate,  fortune ; 
in  vicem  or  vicem,  in  turn,  place. 
133,  1. 

Vicissitudo,  \nis,  f.  (vicis).  Change, 
alternation,  vicissitude,  succes- 
sion. 

Victor,  6ris,  m.  (vinco).  Con- 
queror. 

Victoria,  ae,  f.     Victory. 

Victus,  a,  um,  part,  (vinco).  Con- 
vuered,  vanquished. 

View,  t,  m.    Village. 

Video,  ere,  di,  sum.  To  see ;  pass, 
videor,  etc.,  to  be  seen ;  to  seem. 

Vigeo,  ere,  ui.  To  flourish,  thrive, 
be  in  force. 

Vigilantia,  ae,  f.  Wakefulness,  vi- 
gilance. 

Viginti,  indec.     Twenty. 

Vilis,  e.     Low,  cheap,  base,  vile. 

Vincio,  ire,  vinxi,  vinctum.  To 
bind. 

Vinco j  tre,  vici,  victum.  To  con- 
quer. 

Vinculum  or  vinclum,  i,  n.  Fetter, 
chain. 

Vindex,  ids,  m.  and  f.     Defender. 

Vindico,  are,  dvi,  atum.  To  claim ; 
rescue,  defend ;  punish,  avenge. 

Vinolentus,  a,  urn,  (vinum).  Full  of 
vrine,  intoxicated  with  wine. 

Vinum,  i,  n.     Wine. 

IJfofo,  are,  am,  atum.  To  violate,  do 
violence  to ;  profane,  harm. 

Vir,  viri,  m.     Man,  hero,  husband. 

Virga,  ae,  f.    Rod,  twig. 

Virgo,  mis,  f.     Virgin,  maiden. 

Virgida,  ae,  f.     Small  rod,  rod. 

Virtus,  utis,  f.  (vir).  Manliness, 
bravery,  virtue. 

Vis,v-'^  f. ;  pi.  vires.  Power,  strength, 
force;  forces;  abundance. 


Viscus,  cris,  n.     Vitals,  bowels. 

Viso,  ere,  si,  sum.  To  view,  see, 
visit. 

Vita,  ae,  f.     Life. 

Vilis,  is,  f.     Vine. 

Vilium,  ii,  n.     Fault,  vice,  crime. 

VitupZro,  are,  avi,  atum.  To  cen- 
sure, blame,  find  fault  with. 

Vivo,  ere,  vixi,  victum.     To  live. 

Vivus,  a,  um.     Living,  alive. 

Vocabulum,  i,  n.  Designation,  name, 
word. 

Voco,  are,  avi,  atum,  (vox).  To 
call,  name. 

Volo,  are,  avi,  atum.     To  fly. 

Volo,  velle,  volui,  irreg.  To  will,  be 
willing,  wish,  desire ;  sibi  velle,  to 
mean!  293  ;  389,  2. 

Volsci,  drum,  m.  pi.  The  Volsci  or 
Volscians,  a  people  of  Latiuni, 
(174). 

Volucer,  cris,  ere,  (volo).  Flying, 
winged  ;  swift,  rapid;  subs,  a 
bird. 

Volumnia,  ae,  f.  Volunmia,  the 
wife  of  Coriolanus,  (174). 

Voluntarius,  a,  um,  (voluntas).  Vo- 
luntary, willing,  spontaneous. 

Voluntas,  atis,  f.  (volo).  Wish,  in- 
clination, good  will. 

Voluptas,  Otis,  f.     Pleasure. 

Voveo,  ere,  vovi,  votum.  To  vow, 
dedicate,  consecrate. 

Vox,  votis,  f.    Voice,  word. 

Vulgus,  i,  n.  Populace,  common 
people. 

Vulnfro,  are,  avi,  atum,  (vulnus). 
To  wound. 

Vulnus,  tris,  n.     Wound. 

Vulpes,  is,  f.    Fox. 

Vultus,  us,  m.     Countenance. 


212 


LATIN   KEADER. 


Xanthippus,  i,  m.  Xanthippus,  a 
Spartan  commander,  who  took 
Regulus  prisoner  in  the  first  Punic 
war,  (186). 

Xerxes,  is,  m.  Xerxes,  a  celebrated 
Persian  king,  (137,  217). 

Xenophon,  ontis,  m.     Xenophon,  a 


Greek  historian,  and  the  leader  of 
the  Greeks  in  the  famous  retreat 
of  the  ten  thousand,  (142). 


Zama,  ae,  f.  Zama,  a  town  of  Nu- 
midia,  in  Africa,  famous  for  the 
rictory  of  Scipio  over  Hannibal, 
(196). 


TJIIVSESIT7 


D.  APPLETON  &  CO:S  PUBLICATIONS. 

A  Latin  Grammar  for  Schools  and  Colleges. 

By  A.  HARKNESS,  PH.  D.,  Professor  in  Brown  University. 


To  explain  the  general  plan  of  the  work,  the  Publishers  ask  the  atten- 
tion of  teachers  to  the  following  extracts  from  the  Preface : 

1.  This  volume  is  designed  to  present  a  systematic  arrangement  of  the 
great  facts  and  laws  of  the  Latin  language ;  to  exhibit  not  only  grammat- 
ical forms  and  constructions,  but  also  those  vital  principles  which  under- 
lie, control,  and  explain  them. 

2.  Designed  at  once  as  a  text-book  for  the  class-room,  and  a  book  of 
reference  in  study,  it  aims  to  introduce  the  beginner  easily  and  pleasantly 
to  the  first  principles  of  the  language,  and  yet  to  make  adequate  provi- 
sion for  the  wants  of  the  more  advanced  student. 

3.  By  brevity  and  conciseness  in  the  choice  of  phraseology  and  com- 
pactness in  the  arrangement  of  forms  and  topics,  the  author  has  endeav- 
ored to  compress  within  the  limits  of  a  convenient  manual  an  amount  of 
carefully-selected  grammatical  facts,  which  would  otherwise  fill  a  much 
larger  volume. 

4.  He  has,  moreover,  endeavored  to  present  the  whole  subject  in  the 
light  of  modern  scholarship.     Without   encumbering  his  pages  with  any 
unnecessary  discussions,  he  has  aimed  to  enrich  them  with  the  practical 
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5.  Syntax  has  received  in  every  part  special  attention.     An  attempt 
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laws  which  the  genius  of  the  language— that  highest  of  all  grammatical 
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6.  Topics  which  require  extended  illustration  are  first  presented  in 
their  completeness  in  general  outline,  before  the  separate  points  are  dis- 
cussed in  detail.     Thus  a  single  page  often  foreshadows  all  the  leading 
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to  the  impression  of  the  learner,  impossible  under  any  other  treatment. 

7.  Special  care  has  been  taken  to  explain  and  illustrate  with  the  requi- 
site fulness  all  difficult  and  intricate  subjects.     The  Subjunctive  Mood — 
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hoped,  in  a  form  at  once  simple  and  comprehensive. 


D.  APPLETON  &  CO:S  PUBLICATIONS. 


Harkness's  Latin  Grammar. 

From  Kev.  Prof.  J.  J.  OWEN,  D.  D.,  New  York  Free  Academy. 
"  I  have  carefully  examined  Harkness's  Latin  Grammar,  and  am  so  well  pleased  with 
its  plan,  arrangement,  and  execution,  that  I  shall  take  the  earliest  opportunity  of  intro- 
ducing it  as  a  text-book  in  the  Free  Academy." 

From  Mr.  JOHN  D.  PHILBRICK,  Superintendent  of  Public  Schools,  Boston,  Mass. 

"  This  work  is  evidently  no  hasty  performance,  nor  the  compilation  of  a  mere  took 
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From  Mr.  G.  IS".  BIGELOW,  Principal  of  State  Normal  School,  Framingham,  Mass. 
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From  Eev.  DANIEL  LEACH,  Superintendent  Public  Schools,  Providence,  JR.  I. 
"  I  am  quite  confident  that  it  is  superior  to  any  Latin  Grammar  before  the  public.    It 
has  recently  been  introduced  into  the  High  School,  and  all  are  much  pleased  with  it1* 

From  Dr.  J.  B.  CHAPIN,  State  Conmissioner  of  Public  Instruction  in  JRJwde  Island, 
"The  vital  principles  of  the  language  are  clearly  and  beautifully  exhibited.    The 
work  needs  no  one's  commendation." 

From  Mr.  ABNER  J.  PHIPPS,  Superintendent  of  Public  School*,  Lowell,  Mass. 

"The  aim  of  the  author  seems  to  be  fully  realized  in  making  this  'a  useful  book,  and 
as  such  I  can  cheerfully  commend  it.  The  clear  and  admirable  manner  hi  which  the  in- 
tricacies of  the  Subjunctive  Mood  are  unfolded,  is  one  of  its  marked  features. 

"  The  evidence  of  ripe  scholarship  and  of  familiarity  with  the  latest  works  of  German 
and  English  philologists  is  manifest  throughout  the  book." 

From  Dr.  J.  T.  CHAMPLIN,  President  of  Waterville  College. 
"  I  like  both  the  plan  and  the  execution  of  the  work  very  much.    Its  matter  and 
manner  are  both  admirable.    I  shall  be  greatly  disappointed  if  it  does  not  at  once  win  the 
public  favor." 

From  Prof.  A.  S.  PACKARD,  Bowdoin  College,  Brunswick,  Maine. 
"Harkness's  Latin  Grammar  exhibits  throughout  the  results  of  thorough  scholarship. 
I  shall  recommend  it  in  our  next  catalogue." 

From  Prof.  J.  J.  STANTON,  Bates  College. 

"  We  have  introduced  Harkness^s  Grammar  into  this  Institution.  It  is  much  more 
logical  and  concise  than  any  of  its  rivals." 

From  Mr.  WM.  J.  EOLFE,  Principal  Cambridge  High  ScJwol. 
"Notwithstanding  all  the  inconveniences  that  must  attend  a  change  of  Latin  Gram- 
mars in  a  large  school  like  mine,  I  shall  endeavor  to  secure  the  adoption  of  Harkness's 
Grammar  in  place  of  our  present  text-book  as  soon  as  possible." 

From  Mr.  L.  E.  WILLISTON,  Principal  Ladied  Seminary,  Cambridge,  Mass. 
"  I  think  this  work  a  decided  advance  upon  the  Grammar  now  in  use." 

From  Mr.  D.  B.  HAGER,  Princ.  Eliot  High  School,  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass. 
"  This  is,  in  my  opinion,  by  far  the  best  Latin  Grammar  ever  published.    It  is  ad- 
mirably adapted  to  the  use  of  learners,  being  remarkably  concise,  clear,  comprehensive* 
and  philosophical.    It  will  henceforth  be  used  as  a  text-book  ia  this  school" 


D.  AFPLETON  &  CO:S  PUBLICATIONS. 


Harkness's  Latin  Grammar. 

From  Prof.  C.  S.  HARRINGTON  and  Prof.  J.  C.  VAN  BENSCHOTEN,  of  the  Wesleyan 
University. 

"  This  work  is  clear,  accurate,  and  happy  in  its  statement  of  principles,  is  simple  yet 
scholarly,  and  embraces  the  latest  researenes  in  this  department  of  philological  science. 
It  will  appear  in  our  catalogue." 

From  Mr.  ELERIDGE  SMITH,  Principal  Free  Academy,  Norwich,  Ct. 

"This  is  not  only  the  best  Latin  Grammar,  but  one  of  the  most  thoroughly  prepared 
school-books  that  1  have  ever  seen.  I  have  introduced  the  book  into  the  free  Acade- 
my, and  am  much  pleased  with  the  results  of  a  month's  experience  in  the  class-room/' 

From  Mr.  H.  A.  PEATT,  Principal  High  School,  Hartford,  Ct. 

"  I  can  heartily  recommend  Ilarkness's  new  work  to  both  teachers  and  scholars.  It 
is,  in  my  judgment,  the  best  Latin  Grammar  ever  offered  to  our  schools." 

From  Mr.  I.  F.  CADY,  Principal  High  School,  Warren,  It.  I. 

"  The  longer  I  use  Harkness's  Grammar  the  more  fully  am  I  convinced  of  its  superior 
excellence.  Its  merits  must  secure  its  adoption  wherever  it  becomes  known." 

From  Messrs.  S.  THUKBER  and  T.  B.  STOCKWELL,  Public  High  School,  Providence. 

"An  experience  of  several  weeks  with  Harkness's  Latin  Grammar  enables  us  to  say 
with  confidence,  that  it  is  an  improvement  on  our  former  text-book." 

From  Mr.  C.  B.  GOFF,  Principal  Boys*  Classical  IligJi  School,  Providence,  R.  I. 

t;  The  practical  working  of  Harkness's  Grammar  is  gratifying  even  beyond  my  expec- 
tations." 

From  Bev.  Prof.  M.  II.  BUCKHAM,  University  of  Vermont. 

"  Harkness's  Latin  Grammar  seems  to  me  to  supply  the  desideratum.  It  is  philo- 
sophical in  its  method,  and  yet  simple  and  clear  in  its  statements;  and  this,  in  my  judg- 
ment, is  the  highest  encomium  which  can  be  bestowed  on  a  text-book." 

From  Mr.  E.  T.  QUTMBY,  AppUton  Academy,  New  Ipswich,  N.  IT. 

"  I  think  the  book  much  superior  to  any  other  I  have  seen.  I  should  be  glad  to  in- 
troduce it  at  once." 

From  Mr.  H.  ORCTITT,  Glenwood  Ladies1  Seminary,  W.  Bratlleboro\  Vt. 

"I  am  pleased  with  Ilarkness's  Latin  Grammar,  and  have- already  introduced  it  into 
this  seminary." 

From  Mr.  CHARLES  JEWETT,  Principal  of  Franklin  Academy. 

"  I  deem  it  an  admirable  work,  and  think  it  will  supersede  all  others  now  in  use ;  in 
the  division  and  arrangement  of  topics,  and  hi  its  mechanical  execution,  it  is  superior  to 
any  Latin  Grammar  extant'' 

From  Mr.  C.  C.  CHASE,  Principal  of  Lowell  High  SiJwol. 

"  Prof.  Harkness's  Grammar  is,  in  my  opinion,  admirably  adapted  to  mako  the  study 
of  the  Latin  language  agreeable  and  interesting." 

From  Mr.  J.  KIMBALL,  High  School,  Dorchester,  Mass. 

"  It  meets  mr  ideal  of  what  is  desirable  hi  every  grammar,  to  wit :  compression  of 
general  principles  in  terse  definitions  and  statements,  for  ready  use ;  and  fulness  of  de- 
tail, well  arranged  for  referenced". 


D.  APPLET  ON  &  CO.'S  PUBLICATIONS. 

HARKNESS'S   LATIN    GRAMMAR, 

12mo,  355  pages. 

Although  this  work  has  been  published  but  a  short  time  comparatively,  it  is  recom- 
mended by  and  introduced  into  a  large  number  of  Colleges  and  Classical  Schools,  among 
which  are  the  following : 

BOWDOIN  COLLEGE,  Brunswick,  Me. 

BATES  COLLEGE,  Lewiston,  Maine. 

LEWISTON  FALLS  ACADEMY,  Auburn,  Me. 

DOVER  HIGH  SCHOOL,  Dover,  N.  II. 

DARTMOUTH  COLLEGE,  Hanover,  N.  H. 

NORWICH  UNIVERSITY,  Norwich,  Vt. 

GLENWOOD  LADIES1  SEMINARY,  Brattleboro,  Vt 

AMHERST  COLLEGE,  Amherst,  Mass. 

TUFTS  COLLEGE,  Medford,  Mass. 

PHILLIPS  ACADEMY,  Andover,  Mass. 

STATE  NORMAL  SCHOOL,  Frarningham,  Mass. 

HIGHLAND  SCHOOL,  Worcester,  Mass. 

NEWTON  HIGH  SCHOOL,  Newton,  Mass. 

PUBLIC  HIGH  SCHOOL,  Springfield,  Mass. 

ROXBURY  LATIN  SCHOOL,  Roxbury,  Mass. 

LAWRENCE  ACADEMY,  Groton,  Mass. 

AUBURNDALE  FEMALE  SEMINARY,  Auburndale,  Mass. 

SPENCER  ACADEMY,  Spencer,  Mass. 

JAMAICA  PLAIN  HIGH  SCHOOL,  Jamaica  Plain,  Mass. 

BROWN  UNIVERSITY,  Providence,  R.  I. 

UNIVERSITY  GRAMMAR  SCHOOL,  Providence,  R.  I. 

PUBLIC  HIGH  SCHOOL,  Providence,  R.  I. 

FRIENDS'  BOARDING  SCHOOL,  Providence,  R.  I. 

WARREN  HIGH  SCHOOL,  Warren,  R.  I. 

PROVIDENCE  CONFERENCE  SEMINARY,  East  Greenwich,  R.  I. 

WESLEYAN  UNIVERSITY,  Middlctown,  Ct. 

FREE  ACADEMY,  Norwich,  Ct. 

NEW  LONDON  ACADEMY,  New  London,  Ct. 

YALE  COLLEGE,  New  Haven,  Ct. 

ROCHESTER  UNIVERSITY,  Rochester,  N.  Y. 

MADISON  UNIVERSITY,  Hamilton,  N.  Y. 

COLLEGE  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEW  YORK. 

CORTLAND  ACADEMY,  Homer,  N.  Y. 

OSWEGO  HIGH  SCHOOL,  Oswego,  N.  Y. 

HAMILTON  COLLEGE,  Clinton,  N.  Y. 

HOBART  FREE  COLLEGE,  Geneva,  N.  Y. 

CANANDAIGUA  ACADEMY,  Canandaigua,  N.  Y. 

NEWTON  HIGH  SCHOOL,  Newton,  N.  J. 

HAVERFORD  COLLEGE,  West  Haverford,  Pa. 

CLASSICAL  AND  MILITARY  SCHOOL,  Columbia,  Pa- 

8HURTLEFF  COLLEGE,  Upper  Alton,  111. 

IOWA  STATE  UNIVERSITY,  Iowa  City,  Iowa. 

UNIVERSITY  OF  -MICHIGAN,  Ann  Arbor,  Mich. 


D.  APPLETON  <&  CO:S  PUBLICATIONS. 


Second  Latin  Book. 

Comprising  an  Historical  Latin  Reader,  with  Notes  and  Rules  for 
Translating,  and  an  Exercise  Book,  developing  a  Complete  Ana- 
lytical Syntax,  in  a  series  of  Lessons  and  Exercises,  involving 
the  Construction,  Analysis,  and  Reconstruction  of  Latin  Sen- 
tences. By  ALBERT  HARKNESS,  A.M.,  Senior  Master  in  the 
Providence  High  School.  12mo,  362  pages. 

This  work  is  designed  q,s  a  sequel  to  the  author's  "  First  Latin  Book."  It  comprises 
a  complete  analytical  syntax,  exhibiting  the  essential  structure  of  the  Latin  language, 
from  its  simplest  to  its  most  expanded  and  elaborate  form. 

The  arrangement  of  the  lessons  is  decidedly  philosophical,  gradually  progressive, 
and  in  strict  accordance  with  the  law  of  development  of  the  human  mind.  Every  new 
principle  is  stated  in  simple,  clear,  and  accurate  language,  and  illustrated  by  examples 
carefully  selected  from  the  reading  lessons,  which  the  student  is  required  to  translate, 
analyze,  and  reconstruct  He  is  also  exercised  in  forming  new  Lathi  sentences  on  given 
models.  This,  while  it  gives  variety  and  interest  to  what  would  otherwise  be  in  the 
highest  degree  monotonous,  completely  fixes  in  the  mind  the  subject  of  the  lesson,  both 
by  analysis  and  synthesis. 

The  careful  study  of  this  volume,  on  the  plan  recommended  by  the  author,  will 
greatly  facilitate  the  pupil's  progress  in  the  higher  departments  of  the  language.  Such 
is  the  testimony  of  the  numerous  institutions  in  which  Harkness's  improved  edition 
of  Arnold  has  been  introduced. 

From  J.  A.  SPENCER,  D.  D.,  late  Professor  of  Latin  in  Burlington  College,  N.  J. 

"  The  present  volume  appears  to  me  to  carry  out  excellently  the  system  on  which 
the  late  lamented  Arnold  based  his  educational  works ;  and  in  the  Selections  for  Read- 
ing, the  Notes  and  Kules  for  Translating,  the  Exercises  in  Translating  into  Latin,  the 
Analyses,  etc.,  I  think  it  admirably  adapted  to  advance  the  diligent  student,  not  only 
rapidly,  but  soundly,  in  an  acquaintance  with  the  Latin  language.1' 

From  PROF.  GAMMELL,  of  Brown  University. 

"  The  book  seems  to  me,  as  I  anticipated  it  would  be,  a  valuable  addition  to  the  works 
now  in  use  among  teachers  of  Latin  in  the  schools  of  the  United  States,  and  for  many 
of  them  it  will  undoubtedly  form  an  advantageous  substitute." 

From  PROF.  LINCOLN,  of  Brown  University. 

"  It  seems  to  me  to  carry  on  most  successfully  the  method  pursued  in  the  First 
Book.  Though  brief,  it  is  very  comprehensive,  and  combines  judicious  and  skilfully  - 
formed  exercises  with  systematic  instruction." 

From  J.  J.  OWEN,  D.  D.,  Professor  of  the  Latin  and  Greek  Languages  and  Litera- 
ture in  the,  Free  Academy,  New  York. 

"This  Second  Latin  Book  gives  abundant  evidence  of  the  author's  learning  and 
tact  to  arrange,  simplify,  and  make  accessible  to  the  youthful  mind  the  great  and  funda- 
mental principles  Of  the  Latin  language.  The  book  is  worthy  of  a  place  in  every 
classical  school,  and  I  trust  will  have  an  extensive  sale." 

From  PBOF.  ANDERSON,  ofLeioisburg  University,  Pennsylvania. 

"  A  faithful  use  of  the  work  would  diminish  the  drudgery  of  the  student's  earlier 
studies,  and  facilitate  his  progress  in  his  subsequent  course.  I  wish  the  work  a  wide 
circulation." 


£.  APPLETON  &  CO:S  PUBLICATIONS. 

Caesar's  Commentaries  on  the  Gallic  War. 

With  English  Notes,  Critical  and  Explanatory ;  a  Lexicon,  Geographi- 
cal and  Historical  Indexes,  a  Map  of  Gaul,  etc.  By  Rev.  J.  A. 
SPENCER,  D.  D.  12mo,  408  pages. 

In  the  preparation  of  this  volume,  great  care  has  been  taken  to  adapt  it  in  every  re- 
opect  to  the  wants  of  the  young  student,  to  make  it  a  means  at  the  same  time  of  advan- 
cing him  in  a  thorough  knowledge  of  Latin,  and  inspiring  him  with  a  desire  for  further 
acquaintance  with  the  classics  of  the  language.  Dr.  Spencer  has  not,  h'ke  some  commen- 
tators, given  an  abundance  of  help  on  the  easy  passages,  and  allowed  the  difficult  oneg 
to  speak  for  themselves.  His  Notes  are  on  those  parts  on  which  the  pupil  wants  them, 
and  explain,  not  only  grammatical  difficulties,  but  allusions  of  every  kind  in  the  text.  A 
well-drawn  sketch  of  Caesar's  life,  a  Map  of  the  region  hi  which  his  campaigns  were  car- 
ried on,  and  a  Vocabulary,  which  removes  the  necessity  of  using  a  large  dictionary  and 
the  waste  of  tune  consequent  thereon,  enhance  the  value  of  the  volume  in  no  small  do- 
gree. 

Quintus  Curtius : 

Life  and  Exploits  of  Alexander  the  Great.  Edited  and  illustrated 
with  English  Notes.  By  WILLIAM  HENRY  CROSBY.  12mo, 
385  pages. 

Curtius's  History  of  Alexander  the  Great,  though  little  used  in  the  schools  of  this 
country,  in  England  and  on  the  Continent  holds  a  high  place  in  the  estimation  of  classi- 
cal instructors.  The  interesting  character  of  its  subject,  the  elegance  of  its  style,  and  the 
purity  of  its  moral  sentiments,  ought  to  place  it  at  least  on  a  par  with  Caesar's  Commen- 
taries or  Ballast's  Histories.  The  present  edition,  by  the  late  Professor  of  Latin  in  Eut- 
gers  College,  is  unexceptionable  in  typography,  convenient  in  form,  scholarly  and  prac- 
tical in  its  notes,  and  altogether  an  admirable  text-book  for  classes  preparing  for  col- 
lege. 

From  PROF.  OWTJN,  of  the  New  York  Free  Academy. 

"It  gives  me  great  pleasure  to  add  my  testimonial  to  the  many  you  are  receiving  in 
favor  of  the  beautiful  and  well-edited  edition  of  Quintus  Curtius,  by  Prof.  Wm.  Henry 
Crosby.  It  is  seldom  that  a  classical  book  is  submitted  to  me  for  examination,  to  which 
I  can  give  so  hearty  a  recommendation  as  to  this.  The  external  appearance  is  attractive ; 
the  paper,  type,  and  binding,  being  just  what  a  text-book  should  be,  neat,  clear,  and  du- 
rable. The  notes  are  brief,  pertinent,  scholar-like,  neither  too  exuberant  nor  too  meagre, 
but  happily  exemplifying  the  golden  mean  so  desirable  and  yet  so  very  difficult  of  at- 
tainment." 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
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AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
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DAY  AND  TO  $1.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
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.APR    1    V 


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Thucydides's  History  «f  th«  P«loponnesian  War,  according 
to  the  Text  of  L.  DINDOBF,  with  Notes  by  JOHN  J.  OWEN.  With 
Map.  12mo. 

Xenophon's  Memorabilia  »f  Socrates,  With  Notes  and  Intro- 
duction by  B.  D.  C.  BOBBINS,  Professor  of  Language  in  Middle- 
bury  College.  12mo.  421  pages. 

—  Anabasis.    With  Explanatory  Notes  for  the  use  of 
Schools  and  Colleges.    By  JAMES  R.  BOISE,  Prf  fesfor  of  Greek 
in  the  University  of  Michigan.     12mo.    893/' 

—  Anabasis.    Chiefly  according  f'        '  ixt  of  L.  DIN- 
DORF,  with  Notes  by  John  J.  OWEN.  ,dition.    With 


Map.    12mo. 

—  Cycopaedia,  according// 
with  Notes  by  JOHN  J.  OWEN.  /  ' 
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Greek  in  the  University  < 


L.  DINDOBF, 

jr  the  use  of 
j  Professor  of 
p  pages. 

I 


aon,  with  Cor- 
Translated  by  T. 
t,er  Theological  Semi- 

^slated  from  the  German. 
Jourse  of  Exercises  in  Syriac 
and  brief  Lexicon  prepared  by 


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